@article{hess_rosenberg_waters_2001, title={Motivation and representation processes in adulthood: The effects of social accountability and information relevance}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1037//0882-7974.16.4.629}, number={4}, journal={Psychology and Aging}, author={Hess, T. M. and Rosenberg, D. C. and Waters, S. J.}, year={2001}, pages={629–642} } @article{hess_waters_bolstad_2000, title={Motivational and cognitive influences on affective priming in adulthood}, volume={55}, ISSN={["1079-5014"]}, DOI={10.1093/geronb/55.4.P193}, abstractNote={This research examined age differences in the impact of affective primes on judgments about neutral stimuli. When participants were unaware that the primes had been presented, age differences were nonexistent, with individuals of all ages producing likability judgments consistent with the valence of the prime. In contrast, when awareness of the primes was maximized, prime influences were virtually nonexistent in the youngest participants, but prime influences increased with participants' age. In addition, the impact of the primes was differentially affected by an individual's need for simple structure. Need for structure did not influence the performance of young and middle-aged participants, but prime effects increased with need in the oldest participants. It is argued that the stronger predictive validity of need for structure with age is due to aging-related changes in personal resources (both social and cognitive) and/or a closer mapping of individual characteristics onto need with age. Regardless of source, the results argue for closer consideration of motivational factors in determining age differences in performance.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES B-PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES}, author={Hess, TM and Waters, SJ and Bolstad, CA}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={P193–P204} } @article{westbrook_sanford_waters_1999, title={Reliability and validity of a rating scale for assessing career choice appropriateness in adolescence}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1069-0727"]}, DOI={10.1177/106907279900700106}, abstractNote={This article describes a study to construct and validate a rating scale to assess appropriateness of career choices of 143 high school students. Test-retest reliability coefficients for the rating scale scores were in the .80s and .90s. Intercorrelations of teacher and counselor ratings were in the .50s and .60s. Rating scale scores correlated mostly in the .30s with an objective testing method of assessing appropriateness of students' career choices, based on ACT Career Planning Program (1985) scores. Suggestions are made for using the rating scale in research and practice.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT}, author={Westbrook, BW and Sanford, EE and Waters, S}, year={1999}, pages={91–109} }