@article{winston_rivera_cai_thanissery_montgomery_patterson_theriot_2020, title={Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Mitigates the Host Inflammatory Response during Clostridioides difficile Infection by Altering Gut Bile Acids}, volume={88}, ISSN={["1098-5522"]}, DOI={10.1128/IAI.00045-20}, abstractNote={Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality posing an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of CDI after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, thus necessitating discovery of novel therapeutics against this enteric pathogen. Administration of the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; ursodiol) inhibits the life cycles of various strains of C. difficile in vitro, suggesting that the FDA-approved formulation of UDCA, known as ursodiol, may be able to restore colonization resistance against C. difficile in vivo. ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality posing an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of CDI after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, thus necessitating discovery of novel therapeutics against this enteric pathogen. Administration of the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; ursodiol) inhibits the life cycles of various strains of C. difficile in vitro, suggesting that the FDA-approved formulation of UDCA, known as ursodiol, may be able to restore colonization resistance against C. difficile in vivo. However, the mechanism(s) by which ursodiol is able to restore colonization resistance against C. difficile remains unknown. Here, we confirmed that ursodiol inhibits C. difficile R20291 spore germination and outgrowth, growth, and toxin activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In a murine model of CDI, exogenous administration of ursodiol resulted in significant alterations in the bile acid metabolome with little to no changes in gut microbial community structure. Ursodiol pretreatment resulted in attenuation of CDI pathogenesis early in the course of disease, which coincided with alterations in the cecal and colonic inflammatory transcriptome, bile acid-activated receptors nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and transmembrane G-protein-coupled membrane receptor 5 (TGR5), which are able to modulate the innate immune response through signaling pathways such as NF-κB. Although ursodiol pretreatment did not result in a consistent decrease in the C. difficile life cycle in vivo, it was able to attenuate an overly robust inflammatory response that is detrimental to the host during CDI. Ursodiol remains a viable nonantibiotic treatment and/or prevention strategy against CDI. Likewise, modulation of the host innate immune response via bile acid-activated receptors FXR and TGR5 represents a new potential treatment strategy for patients with CDI.}, number={6}, journal={INFECTION AND IMMUNITY}, author={Winston, Jenessa A. and Rivera, Alissa J. and Cai, Jingwei and Thanissery, Rajani and Montgomery, Stephanie A. and Patterson, Andrew D. and Theriot, Casey M.}, year={2020}, month={May} }
 @article{manning_birkenheuer_briley_montgomery_harris_vanone_gookin_2016, title={Intermittent At-Home Suctioning of Esophageal Content for Prevention of Recurrent Aspiration Pneumonia in 4 Dogs with Megaesophagus}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.14527}, abstractNote={BackgroundMegaesophagus carries a poor to guarded prognosis due to death from aspiration pneumonia. Options for medical management of regurgitation are limited to strategic oral or gastrostomy tube feeding.}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Manning, K. and Birkenheuer, A. J. and Briley, J. and Montgomery, S. A. and Harris, J. and Vanone, S. L. and Gookin, J. L.}, year={2016}, pages={1715–1719} }
 @article{meichner_montgomery_borst_murphy_grindem_2016, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={249}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.249.9.1023}, abstractNote={
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists}, number={9}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Meichner, Kristina and Montgomery, Stephanie A. and Borst, Luke B. and Murphy, K. Marcia and Grindem, Carol B.}, year={2016}, month={Nov}, pages={1023–1026} }
 @misc{donohoe_holley_collins_montgomery_whitmore_hillhouse_curry_renner_greenwalt_ryan_et al._2014, title={A gnotobiotic mouse model demonstrates that dietary fiber protects against colorectal tumorigenesis in a microbiota- and butyrate-dependent manner}, volume={4}, number={12}, journal={Cancer Discovery}, author={Donohoe, D. R. and Holley, D. and Collins, L. B. and Montgomery, S. A. and Whitmore, A. C. and Hillhouse, A. and Curry, K. P. and Renner, S. W. and Greenwalt, A. and Ryan, E. P. and et al.}, year={2014}, pages={1387–1397} }
 @article{stevens_montgomery_phillips_wester_jennings_2014, title={Pathology in Practice}, volume={245}, ISSN={["1943-569X"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.245.1.57}, number={1}, journal={JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Stevens, Brenda J. and Montgomery, Stephanie A. and Phillips, Kathryn L. and Wester, Maggie W. and Jennings, Samuel H.}, year={2014}, month={Jul}, pages={57–59} }
 @article{ashbrook_burrack_silva_montgomery_heise_morrison_dermody_2014, title={Residue 82 of the Chikungunya virus E2 attachment protein modulates viral dissemination and arthritis in mice}, volume={89}, number={21}, journal={Journal of Virology}, author={Ashbrook, A. W. and Burrack, K. S. and Silva, L. A. and Montgomery, S. A. and Heise, M. T. and Morrison, T. E. and Dermody, T. S.}, year={2014}, pages={12180–12192} }
 @article{hawman_stoermer_montgomery_pal_oko_diamond_morrison_2013, title={Chronic joint disease caused by persistent Chikungunya virus infection is controlled by the adaptive immune response}, volume={87}, number={24}, journal={Journal of Virology}, author={Hawman, D. W. and Stoermer, K. A. and Montgomery, S. A. and Pal, P. and Oko, L. and Diamond, M. S. and Morrison, T. E.}, year={2013}, pages={13878–13888} }
 @article{stoermer_burrack_oko_montgomery_borst_gill_morrison_2012, title={Genetic Ablation of Arginase 1 in Macrophages and Neutrophils Enhances Clearance of an Arthritogenic Alphavirus}, volume={189}, ISSN={["0022-1767"]}, DOI={10.4049/jimmunol.1201240}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={8}, journal={JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY}, author={Stoermer, Kristina A. and Burrack, Adam and Oko, Lauren and Montgomery, Stephanie A. and Borst, Luke B. and Gill, Ronald G. and Morrison, Thomas E.}, year={2012}, month={Oct}, pages={4047–4059} }
 @article{morrison_oko_montgomery_whitmore_lotstein_gunn_elmore_heise_2011, title={A mouse model of chikungunya virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease evidence of arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, and persistence}, volume={178}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Pathology}, author={Morrison, T. E. and Oko, L. and Montgomery, S. A. and Whitmore, A. C. and Lotstein, A. R. and Gunn, B. M. and Elmore, S. A. and Heise, M. T.}, year={2011}, pages={32–40} }