@article{salam_lucia_jameel_2016, title={Chitosan-Based Reagents Endow Recycled Paper Fibers with Remarkable Physical and Antimicrobial Properties}, volume={55}, ISSN={["0888-5885"]}, DOI={10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00776}, abstractNote={The aim of the current work was to develop and study a paper additive system that endows recycled paper fibers with strong mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Five different types of modifying agents including succinic acid, carboxymethyladipic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were reacted with soy flour. Approximately 2% modified soy flour additive by mass relative to a old corrugated container (OCC) pulp slurry was mixed before generating a two-dimensional hand sheet for physical testing. DTPA-modified soy-flour-treated OCC pulp displayed better tensile relative to the results from the use of other modifying agents. Soy flour was treated with different DTPA concentrations, times, temperatures, and pH values to determine the optimal modification reaction conditions. Afterward, the DTPA–soy flour was complexed with chitosan to decrease the biodecomposition of soy protein, improve its incorporation into an OCC matrix, and ...}, number={27}, journal={INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH}, author={Salam, Abdus and Lucia, Lucian A. and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={7282–7286} }
 @article{salam_lucia_jameel_2015, title={Fluorine-based surface decorated cellulose nanocrystals as potential hydrophobic and oleophobic materials}, volume={22}, ISSN={0969-0239 1572-882X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S10570-014-0507-9}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-014-0507-9}, number={1}, journal={Cellulose}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Salam, Abdus and Lucia, Lucian A. and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2015}, month={Feb}, pages={397–406} }
 @article{salam_lucia_jameel_2014, title={A preliminary assay of the potential of soy protein isolate and its hydrolysates to provide interfiber bonding enhancements in lignocellulosic furnishes}, volume={85}, ISSN={["1873-166X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.09.021}, abstractNote={Soy protein isolate (SPI) was extracted from soy flour and hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and enzyme, separately, to provide a series of hydrolysates. The SPI and its hydrolysis products were later cross-linked with ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the presence of sodium hypophosphite (SPH) after which they were complexed to chitosan as part of an on-going general chemical strategy in our laboratories to improve their incorporation into old corrugated container (OCC) matrix and thus increase inter-fiber bonding. Approximately 2% SPI-EDTA-chitosan and hydrolyzed SPI-EDTA-chitosan additives by mass (OCC-based slurry) were thoroughly mixed before generating a sheet for physical testing. The tensile and burst indices of the SPI-EDTA-chitosan additive-treated OCC pulp sheet increased 46.3% and 61.85%, respectively, while the inter fiber bonding of SPI-EDTA-chitosan additive-treated OCC pulp sheet increased 74.86% compared to the control, albeit having a decreased tear strength and roughness, with significantly increased gloss. The additive-treated pulp sheet was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and ATR to provide evidence for product synthesis.}, journal={REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS}, author={Salam, Abdus and Lucia, Lucian A. and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={228–234} }
 @article{salam_lucia_jameel_2013, title={A Novel Cellulose Nanocrystals-Based Approach To Improve the Mechanical Properties of Recycled Paper}, volume={1}, ISSN={["2168-0485"]}, DOI={10.1021/sc400226m}, abstractNote={The ability to introduce cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) into any of a number of single-component or composite applications is currently limited because they are difficult to efficiently isolate and in certain cases difficult to maintain homogeneously disperse. The current research introduces a novel purification technique and composite application for modified cellulose nanocrystal derivatives by using them as an additive for dry strength in recycled paper OCC (old corrugated containerboard). More specifically, the present work illustrates a way to easily isolate CNs by extracting them through a traditional mineral acid hydrolysis followed up by washing them several times with ethanol. The extracted cellulose nanocrystals did not flocculate and were completely homogeneously dispersed in water. Additionally, it was found that the incorporation of carboxylic acid functionalities onto the CNs by reaction with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) followed by cross-linking with chitosan and introduction in...}, number={12}, journal={ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING}, author={Salam, Abdus and Lucia, Lucian A. and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2013}, month={Dec}, pages={1584–1592} }
 @article{ayoub_venditti_pawlak_sadeghifar_salam_2013, title={Development of an acetylation reaction of switchgrass hemicellulose in ionic liquid without catalyst}, volume={44}, ISSN={0926-6690}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.036}, DOI={10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.10.036}, abstractNote={Hemicellulose material is an abundant and relatively under-utilized hetero-polysaccharides material present in lignocellulosic materials. In this research, an alkaline treatment was applied to switchgrass in order to extract hemicelluloses to subsequently produce an acetylated product. An extraction at 75 °C recovered 27% of the biomass as a predominantly hemicellulose material with a number average degree of polymerization of ∼500 determined by gel permeation chromatography. These hemicelluloses were acetylated with acetic anhydride in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]+Cl−) ionic liquid in a complete homogeneous procedure without catalyst for the first time. It was determined that the yield and degree of substitution increased with reaction temperature from 30 to 80 °C and reaction time from 1 to 20 h. The product was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, NMR, gel permeation chromatography for molecular weight and water contact angle analysis. FTIR spectroscopic analysis showed that the characteristic absorption intensities of acetylated hemicellulose increased and the hydroxyl group decreased with the increase in the degree of substitution. Increased degree of substitution increased the water contact angle and thermal stability in nitrogen. It was possible to cast films of the acetylated hemicellulose although the films were brittle. The results obtained indicate a promising combination between the effective extraction of hemicellulose from grasses and an environmentally friendly process using acetic anhydride in an ionic liquid without a catalyst to generate hemicellulose acetate with high degree of polymerization for use in various industrial applications.}, journal={Industrial Crops and Products}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ayoub, Ali and Venditti, Richard A. and Pawlak, Joel J. and Sadeghifar, Hasan and Salam, Abdus}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={306–314} }
 @article{ayoub_venditti_pawlak_salam_hubbe_2013, title={Novel Hemicellulose–Chitosan Biosorbent for Water Desalination and Heavy Metal Removal}, volume={1}, ISSN={2168-0485 2168-0485}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sc300166m}, DOI={10.1021/sc300166m}, abstractNote={Hemicellulose material is an abundant and relatively under-utilized polymeric material present in lignocellulosic materials. In this research, an alkaline treatment was applied to pinewood (PW), switchgrass (SG), and coastal bermuda grass (CBG) in order to extract hemicelluloses to subsequently produce a novel biosorbent. Alkaline extraction at 75 °C recovered 23% of the biomass as a predominantly hemicellulose material with a number average degree of polymerization of ∼450. These hemicelluloses were grafted with penetic acid (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid, DTPA) and were then cross-linked to chitosan. The effects of hemicellulose–DTPA concentration, reaction time, and temperature of reaction with chitosan on the resulting salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) uptake and weight loss in saline solutions were determined. A maximum salt uptake for the materials was ∼0.30 g/g of foam biosorbent. The foam biosorbent was characterized by FT-IR spectra, porosity, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Batch adsorption e...}, number={9}, journal={ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Ayoub, Ali and Venditti, Richard A. and Pawlak, Joel J. and Salam, Abdus and Hubbe, Martin A.}, year={2013}, month={Jul}, pages={1102–1109} }
 @article{salam_lucia_jameel_2013, title={Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Chitosan-Complexed Starch Nanoparticles on the Physical Properties of Recycled Paper Furnish}, volume={5}, ISSN={["1944-8252"]}, DOI={10.1021/am403261d}, abstractNote={The objectives of the current research were to synthesize and characterize chitosan-complexed starch nanoparticles and examine their effect on the physical performance of recycled pulp, specifically old corrugated containerboard (OCC). This new approach provides a uniquely renewable and useful approach to enhance mechanical properties of pulp while maintaining environmental compatibility, industrial compatibility, and paper qualities. The starch nanoparticles used for the research were prepared from cooked cornstarch gel with ethanol and reacted with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in the presence of sodium hypophosphite. Thereupon, the DTPA-modified starch nanoparticles (SNs) were complexed with chitosan as part of a general chemical strategy to improve their incorporation into an OCC matrix and increase interfiber bonding. Spectral characterization of the SNs was done using TGA, DSC, FT-IR, and SEM to analyze their composition and structure. Approximately 2% chitosan-complexed starch nanoparticle derivatives by mass (SNX/C) of OCC-based slurry were thoroughly mixed before manufacturing a two-dimensional sheet for physical testing. The tensile and burst strength of the modified OCC pulp sheet increased 50 and 49%, respectively, albeit having a decreased tear strength compared to the control sample. However, when the OCC pulp sheet was coated with a 1% SNX/C by mass solution, the tensile and burst strength increased 120 and 70%, respectively, while also providing significantly increased gloss, decreased roughness, and tear strength. Because the mechanical properties are the most critical property facing the recyclability of OCCs, the tremendous gains afforded by the starch nanoparticle-DTPA-chitosan proposed give the system enormous potential applicability as a viable dry strength agent for paper substrates.}, number={21}, journal={ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}, author={Salam, Abdus and Lucia, Lucian A. and Jameel, Hasan}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={11029–11037} }
 @inproceedings{salam_venditti_pawlak_el-tahlawy_ayoub_2012, title={Extraction and utilization of hemicelluloses for new biomaterial applications}, booktitle={Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Pulping, Papermaking and Biotechnology (ICPPB '12), vols. I and II}, author={Salam, A. and Venditti, R. A. and Pawlak, J. J. and El-tahlawy, K. and Ayoub, A.}, year={2012}, pages={885–890} }
 @article{salam_venditti_pawlak_el-tahlawy_2011, title={Crosslinked hemicellulose citrate–chitosan aerogel foams}, volume={84}, ISSN={0144-8617}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.008}, abstractNote={The applications for hemicellulose are currently very narrow, because of its low molecular weight and varying chemical composition. In this research, novel applications for modified hemicellulose are developed making it a valuable biomaterial for absorbency applications in health care and medical textiles. The incorporation of carboxylic acid groups into hemicellulose via reaction with citric acid followed by cross linking with chitosan greatly improve the properties relative to hemicellulose, chitosan, a cellulose sponge product, and hemicellulose citrate alone. Optimum conditions for the cross linking of the hemicellulose citrate–chitosan include a 2.5 h reaction time at 110 °C with pH 3.5, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:100 and a hemicellulose citrate to chitosan ratio of 1:1 (w/w). The hemicellulose citrate–chitosan crosslinked foam is elastic, very soft, highly porous and durable. The hemicellulose citrate–chitosan can absorb up to 100 g of a saline solution per gram of material and up to 80 g of water per gram of material. Analysis of the hemicellulose citrate–chitosan foams with FTIR, DMA, and SEM confirms the crosslinked and hygroscopic behavior of the materials.}, number={4}, journal={Carbohydrate Polymers}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Salam, Abdus and Venditti, Richard A. and Pawlak, Joel J. and El-Tahlawy, Khaled}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={1221–1229} }
 @article{salam_pawlak_venditti_el-tahlawy_2011, title={Incorporation of carboxyl groups into xylan for improved absorbency}, volume={18}, ISSN={["1572-882X"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10570-011-9542-y}, number={4}, journal={CELLULOSE}, author={Salam, Abdus and Pawlak, Joel J. and Venditti, Richard A. and El-tahlawy, Khaled}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={1033–1041} }