@article{ramasubramanian_muthuraman_2003, title={A computational mechanics model for the brim forming process in paperboard container manufacturing}, volume={125}, ISSN={["1087-1357"]}, DOI={10.1115/1.1580527}, abstractNote={The manufacturing process of brim forming in paperboard containers consists of taking a thin paperboard shell and forming a brim to provide additional stiffness to the structure. A paper cup is an example of such a structure manufactured at rates exceeding 300 units per minute. A realistic model for the manufacturing process is not available and the effects of process and material parameters are not well understood. In this study, a finite element model of this highly nonlinear problem is presented. The model takes into account the material orthotropy and nonlinear elastic-plastic behavior, die paperboard contact interaction during loading and unloading, and friction between the metal die and paperboard, die geometry, and environmental conditions. Model predictions of the force-displacement curve agree well with the experimentally observed results.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME}, author={Ramasubramanian, MK and Muthuraman, K}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={476–483} }
 @article{muthukumaran_loewe_kirmaier_hindin_schwartz_sazanovich_diers_bocian_holten_lindsey_2003, title={Synthesis and excited-state photodynamics of a perylene-monoimide-oxochlorin dyad. A light-harvesting array}, volume={107}, ISSN={["1520-6106"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp026941a}, abstractNote={A perylene-oxochlorin dyad has been prepared and characterized for potential use as a new light-harvesting motif. The dyad (PMI−ZnO) consists of a perylene-monoimide dye (PMI) joined at the 5-position of a zinc oxochlorin (ZnO) via a diphenylethyne linker. The dyad and its subunits have been studied in both polar and nonpolar media using static and time-resolved optical spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Energy flows very rapidly from both unrelaxed (vibrationally, conformationally, or electronically) and relaxed forms of the excited perylene (PMI*) to the ground-state oxochlorin with an effective time constant of ∼4 ps and an efficiency of 99% in both toluene and benzonitrile. Subsequently, there is little or no quenching of the excited oxochlorin (ZnO*) in either solvent. These findings are consistent with the expectation that all charge-separated states such as PMI- ZnO+ lie energetically above both PMI* and ZnO* in both polar and nonpolar media. Furthermore, light absorption by the perylene ...}, number={15}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B}, author={Muthukumaran, K and Loewe, RS and Kirmaier, C and Hindin, E and Schwartz, JK and Sazanovich, IV and Diers, JR and Bocian, DF and Holten, D and Lindsey, JS}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={3431–3442} }