@article{ashwell_freire_o’nan_benito_hash_mcculloch_lascelles_2019, title={Characterization of gene expression in naturally occurring feline degenerative joint disease-associated pain}, volume={243}, ISSN={1090-0233}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.008}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.008}, abstractNote={Degenerative joint disease (DJD) associated-pain is a clinically relevant and common condition affecting domesticated cats and other species including humans. Identification of the neurobiological signature of pain is well developed in rodent pain models, however such information is lacking from animals or humans with naturally occurring painful conditions. In this study, identification of housekeeping genes (HKG) for neuronal tissue and expression levels of genes considered associated with chronic pain in rodent models were explored in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritic pain. Fourteen adult cats were evaluated — seven without clinical signs of osteoarthritic pain, and seven with hind limb radiographic DJD and pain. Expression of an investigator-selected set of pain signaling genes (including ASIC3, ATF3, COX2, CX3CL1, NAV1.7, NAV1.8, NAV1.9, NGF, NK1R, TNFα, TRKA) in lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia tissues from clinically healthy cats and cats with DJD were studied using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). HKG identified as the most stable across all tissue samples were many of the ribosomal protein genes, such as RPL30 and RPS19. qPCR results showed ATF3 and CX3CL1 up-regulated in DJD-affected dorsal root ganglia compared to clinically healthy controls. In spinal cord, CX3CL1 was up-regulated and NGF was down-regulated when DJD-affected samples were compared to healthy samples. Further work is needed to understand the neurobiology of pain in naturally occurring disease and what rodent models are predictive of these changes in more heterogeneous populations such as domestic cats.}, journal={The Veterinary Journal}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Ashwell, M. and Freire, M. and O’Nan, A.T. and Benito, J. and Hash, J. and McCulloch, R.S. and Lascelles, B.D.X.}, year={2019}, month={Jan}, pages={42–47} }
 @article{griffin_culp_giuffrida_ellis_tuohy_perry_gedney_lux_milovancev_wallace_et al._2020, title={Lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in cats: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes in 118 cases}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1939-1676"]}, DOI={10.1111/jvim.15656}, abstractNote={AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is an important but rarely described disease of cats.ObjectivesTo report the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in a cohort of cats with lower urinary tract TCC and to test identified variables for prognostic relevance.AnimalsOne‐hundred eighteen client‐owned cats with lower urinary tract carcinoma.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain information regarding clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Recorded variables were analyzed statistically.ResultsMedian age of affected cats was 15 years (range, 5.0‐20.8 years) and median duration of clinical signs was 30 days (range, 0‐730 days). The trigone was the most common tumor location (32/118; 27.1%) as assessed by ultrasound examination, cystoscopy, or both. Treatment was carried out in 73 of 118 (61.9%) cats. Metastatic disease was documented in 25 of 118 (21.2%) cats. Median progression‐free survival and survival time for all cats were 113 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 69‐153) and 155 days (95% CI, 110‐222), respectively. Survival increased significantly (P < .001) when comparing cats across the ordered treatment groups: no treatment, treatment without partial cystectomy, and treatment with partial cystectomy. Partial cystectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.87) and treatment with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.93) were significantly associated with longer survival times.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results support treatment using partial cystectomy and NSAIDs in cats with TCC.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Griffin, Maureen A. and Culp, William T. N. and Giuffrida, Michelle A. and Ellis, Peter and Tuohy, Joanne and Perry, James A. and Gedney, Allison and Lux, Cassie N. and Milovancev, Milan and Wallace, Mandy L. and et al.}, year={2020}, month={Jan}, pages={274–282} }
 @article{enomoto_kigin_bledsoe_slone_hash_smith_lascelles_2017, title={Pilot evaluation of a novel unilateral onychectomy model and efficacy of an extended release buprenorphine product}, volume={13}, journal={BMC Veterinary Research}, author={Enomoto, M. and Kigin, P. D. and Bledsoe, D. and Slone, R. and Hash, J. and Smith, C. E. and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2017} }
 @article{mowat_hash_mzyk_harned_nagar_mcgahan_2016, title={Evaluation of the proliferative capacity of canine retinal pigment epithelial cells harvested from different regions of the fundus}, volume={57}, number={12}, journal={Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science}, author={Mowat, F. M. and Hash, J. and Mzyk, P. and Harned, J. and Nagar, S. and McGahan, M. C.}, year={2016} }
 @article{williams_kirkpatrick_griffith_benito_hash_lascelles_2014, title={Feasibility and repeatability of thermal quantitative sensory testing in normal dogs and dogs with hind limb osteoarthritis-associated pain}, volume={199}, ISSN={["1532-2971"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.003}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.003}, abstractNote={The objectives of this study were to determine whether thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST) can be performed in client-owned dogs, is repeatable and whether QST differs between normal dogs and dogs with hind limb osteoarthritis (OA). This clinical, prospective, observational study used clinically normal dogs (n = 23) and dogs with OA-associated hind limb pain (n = 9). Thermal QST was performed in standing dogs using a high-powered light source delivered by a previously validated system. Dogs were tested on two occasions, 2 weeks apart. Five tests were performed on each hind limb at each time point. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of leg, time point and OA/normal status on thermal threshold latencies (TTL). Additionally, paired t tests were used to compare the TTL of left and right limbs within groups and between time points. Thermal thresholds were successfully measured in 32 client-owned dogs without prior training. TTL were significantly different between normal and OA dogs (P = 0.012). There was no difference between limbs (P = 0.744) or time periods (P = 0.572), when analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, and no interactions between group and limb, visit and limb, or visit and group. In conclusion, thermal thresholds can be measured in client owned dogs with no prior training and are repeatable from week to week. Further data are required to determine if OA results in thermal hypoalgesia as measured at the distal hind limb and whether this is an indication of central sensitization.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY JOURNAL}, author={Williams, Morika D. and Kirkpatrick, Amy E. and Griffith, Emily and Benito, Javier and Hash, Jon and Lascelles, B. D. X.}, year={2014}, month={Jan}, pages={63–67} }
 @article{coleman_schmiedt_kirkby_coleman_robertson_hash_lascelles_2014, title={Learning Confounds Algometric Assessment of Mechanical Thresholds in Normal Dogs}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1532-950X"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12112.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12112.x}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo perform algometric readings in normal dogs in a design that would assess possible confounding factors.Study DesignProspective study.AnimalsSkeletally mature spayed female, intact male and castrated male retriever or retriever mix dogs without orthopedic or neurologic disease (n = 19).MethodsTwelve common surgical sites were selected for algometric pressure testing. Threshold response was defined as a conscious recognition of the stimulus, and recorded in Newtons. Sites were tested in the same order, and the testing sequence repeated 3 times on each side of the dog. Dogs were tested in the morning and evening of the same day and was repeated 10–14 days later, allowing 4 separate data collections for each dog.ResultsData were analyzed using ANOVA or ANCOVA. When all the data were included in the analysis, dog (P < .0001), order (P < .0001), site (P < .0001), site order (P = .0217), time (P < .0001), day (P < .0001) and repetition (P < .0001) all significantly affected the algometer readings. When only the first reading for each site was included in the analysis, dog (P < .0001), site (P < .0001) and sex (P < .0001) all significantly affected algometer readings.ConclusionThese results suggest that learning occurred over repeated collection time points, with dogs anticipating the stimulus and reacting at lower thresholds.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY SURGERY}, author={Coleman, Kevin D. and Schmiedt, Chad W. and Kirkby, Kristin A. and Coleman, Amanda E. and Robertson, Sheilah A. and Hash, Jon and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={361–367} }
 @article{campbell_olby_hash_lascelles_2013, title={Assessment of cord dorsum potentials from caudal nerves in anesthetized clinically normal adult dogs without or during neuromuscular blockade}, volume={74}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.4.616}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.74.4.616}, abstractNote={Abstract
Objective—To assess the feasibility of measuring cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) in anesthetized clinically normal dogs after caudal nerve stimulation, determine the intervertebral site of maximum amplitude and best waveform of the CDP, and evaluate the effects of neuromuscular blockade.
Animals—8 male and 4 female dogs (age, 1 to 5 years).
Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized, and CDPs were recorded via needles placed on the dorsal lamina at intervertebral spaces L1–2 through L7–S1. Caudal nerves were stimulated with monopolar electrodes inserted laterally to the level of the caudal vertebrae. Dogs were tested without and during neuromuscular blockade induced with atracurium besylate. The CDP latency and amplitude were determined from the largest amplitude tracings.
Results—CDPs were recorded in 11 of 12 dogs without neuromuscular blockade and in all dogs during neuromuscular blockade. The CDP was largest and most isolated at the L4–5 intervertebral space (3 dogs) or the L5–6 intervertebral space (9 dogs); this site corresponded to the segment of insertion of the first caudal nerve. Onset latencies ranged from 2.0 to 4.7 milliseconds, and there was no effect of neuromuscular blockade on latencies. Amplitudes of the CDPs were highly variable for both experimental conditions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CDPs were recorded from all dogs tested in the study; neuromuscular blockade was not critical for successful CDP recording but reduced muscle artifact. This technique may be useful as a tool to assess the caudal nerve roots in dogs suspected of having compressive lumbosacral disease or myelopathies affecting the lumbar intumescence.}, number={4}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Campbell, James O. and Olby, Natasha J. and Hash, Jonathan A. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={616–620} }
 @article{ryan_lascelles_benito_hash_smith_bennett_argyle_clements_2013, title={Histological and molecular characterisation of feline humeral condylar osteoarthritis}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1746-6148"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-110}, DOI={10.1186/1746-6148-9-110}, abstractNote={Abstract
          
            Background
            Osteoarthritis (OA) is a clinically important and common disease of older cats. The pathological changes and molecular mechanisms which underpin the disease have yet to be described. In this study we evaluated selected histological and transcriptomic measures in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (SCB) of the humeral condyle of cats with or without OA.
          
          
            Results
            The histomorphometric changes in humeral condyle were concentrated in the medial aspect of the condyle. Cats with OA had a reduction in articular chondrocyte density, an increase in the histopathological score of the articular cartilage and a decrease in the SCB porosity of the medial part of the humeral condyle. An increase in LUM gene expression was observed in OA cartilage from the medial part of the humeral condyle.
          
          
            Conclusions
            Histopathological changes identified in OA of the feline humeral condyle appear to primarily affect the medial aspect of the joint. Histological changes suggest that SCB is involved in the OA process in cats. Differentiating which changes represent OA rather than the aging process, or the effects of obesity and or bodyweight requires further investigation.
          }, journal={BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Ryan, John M. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X. and Benito, Javier and Hash, Jon and Smith, Sionagh H. and Bennett, David and Argyle, David J. and Clements, Dylan N.}, year={2013}, month={Jun} }
 @article{zamprogno_hash_hulse_lascelles_2011, title={Elbow denervation in dogs: Development of an in vivo surgical procedure and pilot testing}, volume={190}, ISSN={["1532-2971"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.10.015}, DOI={10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.10.015}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to develop a surgical technique for sensory denervation of the canine elbow joint and to assess the effects of denervation on limb function in normal dogs. Twenty cadavers (40 elbows) were used to characterize innervation and design the surgical protocol which was tested in 13 cadavers (26 normal elbows). The effect of denervation on limb function was assessed in vivo in four dogs with the elbow randomly selected for the procedure. Primary outcome measures were static bodyweight distribution and distal limb mechanical sensory thresholds; secondary outcome measures were subjectively scored lameness, neurological function and pain on manipulation. Histology was performed on all resected tissues to determine whether nerves had been resected. Denervation was achieved by separate medial and lateral surgical approaches. In testing the developed surgical protocol, 111/130 resected samples contained nerve tissue in the healthy cadaveric elbows and 18/20 in the in vivo study. Limb function and sensation were not altered by elbow joint denervation. The protocol developed for denervation of the canine elbow appears feasible and does not result in any sensory or motor deficits of the forelimb.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY JOURNAL}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Zamprogno, Helia and Hash, Jon and Hulse, Don A. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2011}, month={Nov}, pages={220–224} }
 @article{freire_robertson_bondell_brown_hash_pease_lascelles_2011, title={RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF FELINE APPENDICULAR DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE VS. MACROSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, url={https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01803.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01803.x}, abstractNote={Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is common in domesticated cats. Our purpose was to describe how radiographic findings thought to indicate feline DJD relate to macroscopic cartilage degeneration in appendicular joints. Thirty adult cats euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were evaluated. Orthogonal digital radiographs of the elbow, tarsus, stifle, and coxofemoral joints were evaluated for the presence of DJD. The same joints were dissected for visual inspection of changes indicative of DJD and macroscopic cartilage damage was graded using a Total Cartilage Damage Score. When considering all joints, there was statistically significant fair correlation between cartilage damage and the presence of osteophytes and joint‐associated mineralizations, and the subjective radiographic DJD score. Most correlations were statistically significant when looking at the different joints individually, but only the correlation between the presence of osteophytes and the subjective radiographic DJD score with the presence of cartilage damage in the elbow and coxofemoral joints had a value above 0.4 (moderate correlation). The joints most likely to have cartilage damage without radiographic evidence of DJD are the stifle (71% of radiographically normal joints) followed by the coxofemoral joint (57%), elbow (57%), and tarsal joint (46%). Our data support radiographic findings not relating well to cartilage degeneration, and that other modalities should be evaluated to aid in making a diagnosis of feline DJD.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Freire, Mila and Robertson, Ian and Bondell, Howard D. and Brown, James and Hash, Jon and Pease, Anthony P. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2011}, pages={239–247} }