@article{arnold_nagai_spontak_freeman_leroux_betts_desimone_digiano_stebbins_linton_et al._2002, title={Microphase-Separated Block Copolymers Comprising Low Surface Energy Fluorinated Blocks and Hydrophilic Blocks:  Synthesis and Characterization}, volume={35}, ISSN={0024-9297 1520-5835}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0119631}, DOI={10.1021/ma0119631}, abstractNote={The synthesis and characterization of diblock and triblock copolymers produced by a two-component iniferter system is reported. These materials, designed for possible water treatment applications, consist of a hydrophilic poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) block and a very low surface energy poly(1,1‘-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) (PFOMA) or poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) (PTAN) block. Angle-dependent X-ray spectroscopy results and water contact angle measurements indicate that the surfaces of PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA diblock copolymers consist primarily of PFOMA. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the block copolymers are microphase-separated, exhibiting either cylindrical or layered morphologies that do not change appreciably upon exposure to water. Both water uptake and water flux increase with increasing PDMAEMA content.}, number={9}, journal={Macromolecules}, publisher={American Chemical Society (ACS)}, author={Arnold, M. E. and Nagai, K. and Spontak, Richard and Freeman, B. D. and Leroux, D. and Betts, D. E. and Desimone, J. M. and Digiano, F. A. and Stebbins, C. K. and Linton, R. W. and et al.}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={3697–3707} }
 @article{digiano_roudman_arnold_freeman_2002, title={Vel block copolymers as nanofiltration materials}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1092-8758"]}, DOI={10.1089/109287502320963463}, abstractNote={The overarching goal of this research was to forge a link between materials science and engineering that may eventually lead to development of new membranes with decreased fouling tendency. Polymer structure influences water transport rates, solute partitioning, and fouling resistance. This article presents the results of testing the first generation of a novel class of nonporous block copolymers for use in nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The block copolymers comprised low surface energy fluoropolymers and highly hydrophilic hydrocarbon-based polymers. The very low surface energy of the fluoropolymer block was intended to resist adhesion of natural organic matter (NOM), a common foulant in drinking water applications of nanofiltration technology. The hydrophilic block was intended to provide channels for water permeation. Thin-film composite membrane tests with a coagulated, settled, and cartridge-filtered drinking water sample showed that the experimental membrane produced comparable water flux to a comme...}, number={6}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE}, author={DiGiano, FA and Roudman, A and Arnold, M and Freeman, B}, year={2002}, pages={497–511} }
 @article{arnold_nagai_freeman_spontak_betts_desimone_pinnau_2001, title={Gas permeation properties of poly(1,1 '-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate), poly(1,1 '-dihydroperfluorooetyl methacrylate), and poly(styrene)-b-poly(1,1 '-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) block copolymers}, volume={34}, ISSN={["0024-9297"]}, DOI={10.1021/ma010355i}, abstractNote={The permeabilities of rubbery poly(1,1‘-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) (PFOA), glassy poly(1,1‘-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) (PFOMA), and poly(styrene)-b-poly(1,1‘-dihydroperfluorooctyl acr...}, number={16}, journal={MACROMOLECULES}, author={Arnold, ME and Nagai, K and Freeman, BD and Spontak, RJ and Betts, DE and DeSimone, JM and Pinnau, I}, year={2001}, month={Jul}, pages={5611–5619} }
 @article{nagai_tanaka_hirata_nakagawa_arnold_freeman_leroux_betts_desimone_digiano_2001, title={Solubility and diffusivity of sodium chloride in phase-separated block copolymers of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly (1,1'-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) and poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctyl acrylate)}, volume={42}, ISSN={["0032-3861"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00549-3}, abstractNote={Solubility and diffusivity of sodium chloride were determined in a series of dense films of phase-separated diblock and triblock copolymers composed of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and either poly(1,1′-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate (PFOMA) or poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) (PTAN). As the content of hydrophilic PDMAEMA increases in PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA films, total water uptake increases. The salt partition coefficient of these films increases with increasing PDMAEMA content and weight fraction of water in the PDMAEMA domains. In contrast, salt diffusivity is not monotonically correlated with PDMAEMA content and effective hydration. Triblock copolymers exhibit different values of total water uptake, total hydration, salt partition, and diffusion coefficients than those of diblock copolymers (PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA) at the same PDMAEMA concentration. The total water uptake of PFOMA-b-PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA copolymers is lower than that of PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA, while water uptake of PTAN-b-PDMAEMA-b-PTAN films is higher than that of PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA. Salt partition and diffusion coefficients increase monotonically with the amount of freezing water in the hydrophilic domains, suggesting that the state of water in the phase-separated block copolymers is an important factor influencing their salt uptake and transport properties.}, number={25}, journal={POLYMER}, author={Nagai, K and Tanaka, S and Hirata, Y and Nakagawa, T and Arnold, ME and Freeman, BD and Leroux, D and Betts, DE and DeSimone, JM and DiGiano, FA}, year={2001}, month={Dec}, pages={9941–9948} }