@book{wyer_barbercheck_cookmeyer_ozturk_m._2014, title={Women, science, and technology: A reader in feminist science studies}, publisher={New York: Routledge}, year={2014} }
 @article{barbercheck_neher_anas_el-allaf_weicht_2009, title={Response of soil invertebrates to disturbance across three resource regions in North Carolina}, volume={152}, ISSN={["1573-2959"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10661-008-0315-5}, abstractNote={We evaluated the potential of soil microarthropods and enchytraeid worms to be useful as bioindicators of soil condition in forest, wetland, and agricultural ecosystems over a range of ecoregions. Selected mesofauna and soil characteristics in soil and litter in relatively undisturbed and disturbed examples of each of three ecosystems within each of three land resource regions were monitored over two years. Optimal times of year to sample these organisms as indicators of disturbance were April, May, July and September. No single measure reflected disturbance across all three ecosystems. Among forest sites, Simpson's diversity index, evenness, abundance of ants, and proportion of enchytraeids in the mesofauna differed between soils of different disturbance levels. Among agricultural sites, richness, evenness, abundance of mites, and proportions of collembolans and of enchytraeids in the mesofauna differed between disturbance levels. Among wetland sites, Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indices, richness based on the total mesofauna, and abundances of mites, diplurans, ants, and isotomid and onychiurid collembolans differed between disturbance levels. Covariates most frequently associated with abundance and diversity of the measured mesofauna were soil electrical conductivity, available N, organic matter, and pH. Canonical correspondence analysis provided information somewhat different to bivariate analysis. Using both approaches to examine soil and litter taxa that have distinctive responses to disturbance may help to identify candidate groups applicable for use in large-scale environmental monitoring programs.}, number={1-4}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT}, author={Barbercheck, M. E. and Neher, D. A. and Anas, O. and El-Allaf, S. M. and Weicht, T. R.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={283–298} }
 @article{barbercheck_wang_brownie_2003, title={Adaptation of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, to insect food plant}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00187-1}, abstractNote={Abstract We conducted assays to determine if characteristics of entomopathogenic nematodes vary in response to continued exposure to a particular insect/host plant combination, and whether selection results in changed performance on other insect/host plant combinations. Three isolates of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Agriotos, Mexican, and Hybrid) were continuously cultured in corn-fed ( Zea mays L.) or squash-fed ( Cucurbita pepo L.) southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber for 25 passages. The rootworm-selected nematodes were compared to the same isolates maintained on Galleria mellonella (L.) (“unselected”). There was no increase in the ability to kill rootworms in selected nematodes compared to unselected nematodes. Among rootworm-selected nematodes, there were changes based on the host plant on which the rootworms had fed. The ability of nematodes selected on corn-fed rootworms to kill corn-fed rootworms compared to squash-fed rootworms improved in the Mexican and Agriotos isolates. The squash-selected Mexican isolate lost virulence against rootworms. Virulence of the Hybrid isolate did not change in response to selection on rootworms or host plant/rootworm combination. In general, changes in infective juvenile (IJ) production were not related to number of passages through rootworms. Using computer-aided image analysis, we measured the effects of selection on length and neutral lipid density and area in IJ. IJ selected on corn-fed rootworms were longer than those selected on squash-fed rootworms or maintained in G. mellonella . Length of IJ was positively correlated with the area of stained neutral lipids. The Hybrid isolate had a greater area and density of stained lipids than the Agriotos or Mexican isolates. IJ from nematodes selected on corn-fed rootworms tended to have a greater area of stained lipids, but not lipid density, compared with IJ selected on squash-fed rootworms or maintained in G. mellonella . There was a pattern for an inverse relationship between numbers of IJ produced and measures of lipid content. This pattern is discussed with reference to trade-offs in life history characteristics. Our results suggest that some characteristics of entomopathogenic nematodes can respond to selection on insect host plant, but that changes are dependent on the nematode isolate and the particular host plant on which the insect feeds.}, number={1}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Barbercheck, ME and Wang, J and Brownie, C}, year={2003}, month={May}, pages={81–94} }
 @article{neher_barbercheck_el-allaf_anas_2003, title={Effects of disturbance and ecosystem on decomposition}, volume={23}, ISSN={["1873-0272"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0929-1393(03)00043-X}, abstractNote={Decomposition of organic matter integrates collective activities of organisms within the soil food web. We compared decomposition of museum board (predominantly cellulose) and balsa wood substrates in 18 sites chosen to represent a completely nested design with two disturbance levels nested within three ecosystems (agriculture, wetland, and forest) and ecosystems nested within three land resource regions (LRR) in North Carolina. Percentage mass remaining and daily rate of mass loss of museum board and balsa wood substrates were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance with soil physical and chemical properties as covariates. At the end of the two-year monitoring period, the percentage of museum board and balsa wood substrates remaining was least in agricultural and wetland and greatest in forest ecosystems. Soil pH influenced the percentage of substrate remaining based on days of incubation, and its effects were greater than electrical conductivity, percentage soil organic matter, and total available soil nitrogen (N). Percentage of substrate remaining (museum board or balsa wood) was correlated negatively with pH for all sites, suggesting that pH should be included as a covariate if measures of decomposition are used as environmental indicators. Overall, rate of decomposition of museum board substrates distinguished between relative levels of disturbance in agricultural and wetland but not forest ecosystems. The rate of balsa wood decomposition distinguished between relative levels of disturbance in wetland but not forest or agricultural sites. Forest soils had consistently lower total N and electrical conductivity, and sometimes lower pH, associated with slower decomposition than disturbed wetlands or agricultural lands. We conclude that for short-term monitoring, measures of decomposition of predominantly cellulose substrates can be used to distinguish between relative levels of disturbance in agricultural and wetland but not forest systems. Differences in decomposition may signal either a change in decomposer community or condition of biotic and abiotic resources at a site.}, number={2}, journal={APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY}, author={Neher, DA and Barbercheck, ME and El-Allaf, SM and Anas, O}, year={2003}, month={Jun}, pages={165–179} }
 @article{mueller_barbercheck_bell_brownie_creamer_hitt_hu_king_linker_louws_et al._2002, title={Development and implementation of a long-term agricultural systems study: Challenges and opportunities}, volume={12}, number={3}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Mueller, J. P. and Barbercheck, M. E. and Bell, M. and Brownie, C. and Creamer, N. G. and Hitt, A. and Hu, S. and King, L. and Linker, H. M. and Louws, F. J. and et al.}, year={2002}, pages={362–368} }
 @article{hummel_walgenbach_barbercheck_kennedy_hoyt_arellano_2002, title={Effects of production practices on soil-borne entomopathogens in western North Carolina vegetable systems}, volume={31}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-31.1.84}, abstractNote={Abstract Populations of endemic soil entomopathogens (nematodes and fungi) were monitored in vegetable production systems incorporating varying degrees of sustainable practices in Fletcher, NC. Two tillage types (conventional plow and disk versus conservation tillage), two input approaches (chemically versus biologically based), and two cropping schedules (continuous tomato versus 3-yr rotation of corn, cucumber, cabbage, and tomato) were employed in large plots from 1995 to 1998. A Galleria mellonella (L.) trap bioassay was used to identify and monitor activity of Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae populations during the vegetable growing season (April–September). Seasonal detection of entomopathogens was significantly higher in conservation compared with conventional tillage systems. The strip-till operation did not affect levels of detection of S. carpocapsae. Pesticide use significantly reduced detection of entomopathogenic fungi. Type of ground cover significantly affected temperature in the upper 12 cm of soil; highest soil temperatures were observed under black plastic mulch and bare ground, whereas lowest temperatures were observed under rye mulch and clover intercrop. The high soil temperatures associated with certain ground covers may have reduced entomopathogen detection or survival. Although type of tillage appeared to be the primary factor affecting survival of endemic soil entomopathogens in our system, other factors, such as pesticide use and type of ground cover, can negate the positive effects of strip-tillage.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hummel, RL and Walgenbach, JF and Barbercheck, ME and Kennedy, GG and Hoyt, GD and Arellano, C}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={84–91} }
 @article{millar_barbercheck_2002, title={Effects of tillage practices on entomopathogenic nematodes in a corn agroecosystem}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1049-9644"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00042-7}, abstractNote={Cultural practices such as tillage affect soil abiotic and biotic factors, which in turn may affect the survival and activity of entomopathogenic nematodes. We investigated the relative sensitivity of an inundatively applied nematode species, Steinernema riobrave (Texas), and two endemic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, to tillage practices in no-till and conventional-till corn near Goldsboro, North Carolina. Two baiting methods using Galleria mellonella, one conducted in the laboratory and the other in the field, were used to evaluate the nematodes in terms of infected insects and nematode persistence. H. bacteriophora, which was only rarely detected, was not significantly affected by tillage. Tillage had a significant negative effect on the detection of S. carpocapsae and a significant positive effect on the detection of S. riobrave. The nematodes' dissimilar sensitivities to tillage may be partly explained by differences in environmental tolerances and differences in tendencies to disperse deeper in the soil profile.}, number={1}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Millar, LC and Barbercheck, ME}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={1–11} }
 @article{hertl_brandenburg_barbercheck_2001, title={Effect of soil moisture on ovipositional behavior in the southern mole cricket (Orthoptera : Gryllotalpidae)}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-30.3.466}, abstractNote={Abstract The relationship between soil moisture and oviposition in an edaphic insect pest, the southern mole cricket, Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos, was studied in a series of greenhouse experiments. Adults were captured in acoustic calling traps and associated pitfall traps during spring flights in southeastern North Carolina in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Female mole crickets were individually confined in chambers containing 2, 4, 7, 10, and 12% soil moisture. Oviposition and mortality were monitored daily. A significant linear relationship between oviposition and soil moisture was indicated by an increase in the number of crickets ovipositing in response to higher soil moisture levels. Additionally, a delay in oviposition was observed as a response to low soil moisture. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs per ovipositing female, indicating that when oviposition does take place, the individual response of the female is to lay a similar number of eggs regardless of moisture levels. The ovipositional response to a rapid increase in soil moisture was also examined. The rapid increase in moisture resulted in a significantly greater percentage of females ovipositing, as seen in the previous experiments.}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Hertl, PT and Brandenburg, RL and Barbercheck, ME}, year={2001}, month={Jun}, pages={466–473} }
 @article{millar_barbercheck_2001, title={Interaction between endemic and introduced entomopathogenic nematodes in conventional-till and no-till corn}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1090-2112"]}, DOI={10.1006/bcon.2001.0978}, abstractNote={Abstract We used entomopathogenic nematodes as a model to address the issue of environmental impact of introduced biological control agents in the soil. The study was conducted during three field seasons (1997, 1998, and 1999) in no-till and conventional-till corn near Goldsboro, North Carolina. The main objective was to evaluate the interaction of two endemic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and an introduced exotic nematode, Steinernema riobrave (Texas). Two baiting methods with Galleria mellonella were used to evaluate the nematodes with regard to infected insects and nematode persistence when alone or in cohabitation in the field. We also examined the effects of soil depth on the nematodes' interactions, infectivity, and persistence. The results of the two baiting methods generally agreed with each other. The detection of H. bacteriophora was significantly suppressed in the presence of S. riobrave and slightly more so in conventional-till than in no-till. However, this endemic nematode was not completely displaced 1 and 2 years after the introduction of S. riobrave. Detection of S. carpocapsae and S. riobrave was not affected by the presence of each other, and detection of S. riobrave was not affected by the presence of H. bacteriophora. H. bacteriophora had the strongest tendency to be detected deeper in the soil profile, followed by S. riobrave and then S. carpocapsae. The nematodes' differences in environmental tolerances, differences in tendencies to disperse deeper in the soil profile, and patchy distributions may help explain their coexistence.}, number={3}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Millar, LC and Barbercheck, ME}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={235–245} }
 @article{costa_barbercheck_kennedy_2001, title={Mortality of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) after sublethal stress with the CryIIIA delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and subsequent exposure to Beauveria bassiana}, volume={77}, ISSN={["1096-0805"]}, DOI={10.1006/jipa.2001.5017}, abstractNote={Acute or chronic sublethal exposure of Colorado potato beetle larvae to the CryIIIA delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter their subsequent susceptibility to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. During the period of exposure to B. bassiana there was continued mortality from previous exposure to delta-endotoxin, and B. bassiana also caused significant mortality. Acute and chronic exposure to delta-endotoxin significantly prolonged larval development. The weights of prepupae and adults were significantly reduced by exposure to delta-endotoxin, with the greatest effect being from chronic exposure. Separation of the manifestations of stress in time (feeding vs soil stages) and space (toxin damage to the insect gut vs fungal penetration of the cuticle and activity in the hemocoel) may have precluded alteration of insect susceptibility to infection by B. bassiana. Endemic populations of B. bassiana are not expected to influence the development of resistance in the Colorado potato beetle to the delta-endotoxin of B. thuringiensis.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY}, author={Costa, SD and Barbercheck, ME and Kennedy, GG}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={173–179} }
 @inbook{barbercheck_millar_2000, title={Environmental impacts of entomopathogenic nematodes used for biological control in soil.}, booktitle={Nontarget effects of biological control}, publisher={Boston :Kluwer Academic Publishers}, author={Barbercheck, M. E. and Millar, L. C.}, editor={P. A. Follett and Duan, J. J.Editors}, year={2000}, pages={287–308} }
 @article{costa_barbercheck_kennedy_2000, title={Sublethal acute and chronic exposure of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) to the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.680}, abstractNote={Abstract Sublethal exposure of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae to the δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis variety tenebrionis (Berliner) caused a dose-dependent reduction in feeding and weight gain when tested in a leaf disk bioassay. The highest doses of chronic (continuous-lower concentration) exposure resulted in peak foliage consumption on day 1 as compared with peak consumption on days 3 and 4 when exposure was acute (24-h higher concentration). Dose and exposure regimen interacted significantly in their effects on the extension of development. When development time was analyzed separately for each exposure regimen, only acute exposure caused significant delays in development that extended through to adult eclosion. The efficiency of conversion of ingested material to biomass (ECI) declined significantly with both exposure regimens. The lethal and most sublethal effects of exposure to δ-endotoxin were not cumulative, in that similar total doses, whether delivered acutely or chronically, produced different effects. Female adults that survived acute and chronic exposure to δ-endotoxin as larvae had significantly reduced weight and longevity, and tended to produce fewer eggs (45 and 44% reductions in acute and chronic exposures, respectively) when compared with control adults. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0) also appeared to be reduced.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Costa, SD and Barbercheck, ME and Kennedy, GG}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={680–689} }
 @article{barbercheck_warrick_1997, title={Evaluation of trap cropping and biological control against southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in peanuts}, volume={32}, ISSN={["0749-8004"]}, DOI={10.18474/0749-8004-32.2.229}, abstractNote={Field trials to test the efficacy of trap cropping and biological control for the management of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Chrysomelidae: Luperini) in peanuts were conducted in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Cucurbita maxima Duchesne cv. ‘Blue Hubbard’ was used as a trap crop for adult beetles and the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapse Weiser and Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston, were used as biological control agents against soil-inhabiting larvae. In 1992, peanut yields were highest in treatments that included a trap crop. Trap crop did not affect yield in 1993 or 1994. In 2 out of the 3 years, distribution of pod damage relative to the trap crop suggested that beetles oviposited more frequently in peanuts growing in the row next to the trap crop than in peanuts 3 rows from the trap crop. Although entomopathogenic nematodes persisted for a sufficient period to overlap with the presence of rootworms, they did not affect yield or pod damage in peanuts.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE}, author={Barbercheck, ME and Warrick, WC}, year={1997}, month={Apr}, pages={229–243} }
 @article{eben_barbercheck_1997, title={Sculpturing of the eggshell of some Mexican Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)}, volume={51}, number={1}, journal={Coleopterists' Bulletin}, author={Eben, A. and Barbercheck, M. E.}, year={1997}, pages={80–85} }
 @article{barbercheck_wang_1996, title={Effect of cucurbitacin D on in vitro growth of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp, symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes}, volume={68}, ISSN={["1096-0805"]}, DOI={10.1006/jipa.1996.0071}, abstractNote={In vitro assays were conducted to determine the effect of cucurbitacin D, an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid found in cucurbits, on the growth of Xenorhabdus isolated from Steinernema carpocapsae (All, Mexican, Agriotos strains), Steinernema riobravis, Steinernema glaseri (NC strain, strain 27), and Photorhabdus from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (NC, Lewiston strains), and Heterorhabditis sp. (FL2122 strain). Cucurbitacin D inhibited the growth of four isolates, had no effect on the growth of four isolates, and stimulated the growth of one isolate. Results are discussed in relation to progeny production of entomopathogenic nematodes from insects that have eaten plant material containing cucurbitacin D. This is the first report of an effect of a plant secondary compound on the bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY}, author={Barbercheck, ME and Wang, J}, year={1996}, month={Sep}, pages={141–145} }
 @article{barbercheck_herbert_warrick_1995, title={EVALUATION OF SEMIOCHEMICAL BAITS FOR MANAGEMENT OF SOUTHERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN PEANUTS}, volume={88}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/88.6.1754}, abstractNote={Field trials to test the efficacy of insecticidal semiochemical baits for management of the southern com rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, in peanuts were conducted in 1992, 1993, and 1994 in North Carolina and Virginia. The baits contained a mixture of cucurbitacins as a feeding arrestant, volatile feeding attractants (1,2,4-trimethoxy-benzene, indole, and trans-cinnamaldehyde), and carbaryl as a toxicant. Results were similar in both North Carolina and Virginia. In 1992 and 1993, there were no statistically significant differences in in-shell yield because of treatment. Numerically highest yields were always obtained in the chlorpyrifos-treated plots; numerically lowest yields occurred in the semiochemical bait-treated plots in 1993 and 1994. In 1994, in-shell yield was significantly higher in the chlorpyrifos-treated than in granular semiochemical bait-treated peanuts. Percentage of undamaged pods was highest in chlorpyrifos-treated and lowest in bait-treated peanuts. Possible reasons for lack of efficacy of baits as applied are discussed relative to the biology of southern corn rootworm in peanuts.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={BARBERCHECK, ME and HERBERT, DA and WARRICK, WC}, year={1995}, month={Dec}, pages={1754–1763} }
 @article{barbercheck_wang_hirsh_1995, title={HOST-PLANT EFFECTS ON ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES}, volume={66}, ISSN={["1096-0805"]}, DOI={10.1006/jipa.1995.1080}, abstractNote={We conducted assays to determine the effects of host plant and a plant secondary metabolite, cucurbitacin D, on the mortality of Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi from infection by entomopathogenic nematodes and on nematode progeny production. Rootworms were produced on corn, peanut, and two squash varieties, one containing cucurbitacin D and the other lacking this secondary metabolite. Rootworms were exposed to the NC, HP88, and Lewiston strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and the All, Mexican, and Agriotos strains of Steinernema carpocapsae. The plant on which the rootworms had fed significantly affected rootworm mortality and nematode progeny production. In general, rootworms which had fed on corn suffered significantly lower mortality than those reared on peanuts or either of the squash varieties. Rootworms that had fed on the squash varieties suffered greatest mortality. Nematode progeny production was highest from rootworms that had fed on corn, lower for peanut, and lowest on squash. Progeny production from rootworms that had fed on bitter squash was lower than from nonbitter squash for all nematode strains tested. Possible effects of cucurbitacins and plant primary metabolites on rootworms and entomopathogenic nematodes are discussed.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY}, author={BARBERCHECK, ME and WANG, J and HIRSH, IS}, year={1995}, month={Sep}, pages={169–177} }
 @article{barbercheck_1993, title={TRITROPHIC LEVEL EFFECTS ON ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES}, volume={22}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1093/ee/22.5.1166}, abstractNote={Laboratory assays were conducted to determine effect of host plant on mortality of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, from the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinemema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar and on nematode progeny production. Mortality of D. u. howardi , as well as nematode progeny production, varied according to the host plant on which the rootworms had fed. Mortality from S. carpocapsae was lower for rootworms that had fed on peanut roots than for rootworms that had fed on squash or com roots. Mortality from H. bacteriophora was lower for rootworms that had been reared on corn roots than for rootworms that had fed on peanut or squash roots. For both nematodes, progeny production from larvae that had fed on squash roots was significantly lower than progeny production from rootworms that had fed on com or peanut roots. Host plant effects involving entomopathogenic nematodes and a soil-inhabiting stage of an insect pest have not been previously demonstrated.}, number={5}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={BARBERCHECK, ME}, year={1993}, month={Oct}, pages={1166–1171} }
 @article{barbercheck_1992, title={EFFECT OF SOIL PHYSICAL FACTORS ON BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS OF SOIL INSECT PESTS}, volume={75}, ISSN={["0015-4040"]}, DOI={10.2307/3496136}, abstractNote={An appreciation for the complexity of the soil environment is important when developing strategies for biological control of soilborne insect pests. Basic principles of soil physics and the effects of soil physical factors on entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi are reviewed, and areas for future research are suggested.}, number={4}, journal={FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={BARBERCHECK, ME}, year={1992}, month={Dec}, pages={539–548} }