@article{campbell_olby_hash_lascelles_2013, title={Assessment of cord dorsum potentials from caudal nerves in anesthetized clinically normal adult dogs without or during neuromuscular blockade}, volume={74}, ISSN={0002-9645}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.74.4.616}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.74.4.616}, abstractNote={Abstract Objective—To assess the feasibility of measuring cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) in anesthetized clinically normal dogs after caudal nerve stimulation, determine the intervertebral site of maximum amplitude and best waveform of the CDP, and evaluate the effects of neuromuscular blockade. Animals—8 male and 4 female dogs (age, 1 to 5 years). Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized, and CDPs were recorded via needles placed on the dorsal lamina at intervertebral spaces L1–2 through L7–S1. Caudal nerves were stimulated with monopolar electrodes inserted laterally to the level of the caudal vertebrae. Dogs were tested without and during neuromuscular blockade induced with atracurium besylate. The CDP latency and amplitude were determined from the largest amplitude tracings. Results—CDPs were recorded in 11 of 12 dogs without neuromuscular blockade and in all dogs during neuromuscular blockade. The CDP was largest and most isolated at the L4–5 intervertebral space (3 dogs) or the L5–6 intervertebral space (9 dogs); this site corresponded to the segment of insertion of the first caudal nerve. Onset latencies ranged from 2.0 to 4.7 milliseconds, and there was no effect of neuromuscular blockade on latencies. Amplitudes of the CDPs were highly variable for both experimental conditions. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CDPs were recorded from all dogs tested in the study; neuromuscular blockade was not critical for successful CDP recording but reduced muscle artifact. This technique may be useful as a tool to assess the caudal nerve roots in dogs suspected of having compressive lumbosacral disease or myelopathies affecting the lumbar intumescence.}, number={4}, journal={American Journal of Veterinary Research}, publisher={American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)}, author={Campbell, James O. and Olby, Natasha J. and Hash, Jonathan A. and Lascelles, B. Duncan X.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={616–620} } @article{muguet-chanoit_olby_lim_gallagher_niman_dillard_campbell_early_mariani_muñana_et al._2011, title={The Cutaneous Trunci Muscle Reflex: A Predictor of Recovery in Dogs with Acute Thoracolumbar Myelopathies Caused by Intervertebral Disc Extrusions}, volume={41}, ISSN={0161-3499}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00921.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00921.x}, abstractNote={ObjectiveTo determine whether changes in the cutaneous trunci muscle (CTM) reflex are an early predictor of outcome in dogs with severe acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).Study DesignMulticenter prospective cohort study.AnimalsDogs (n= 36) with acuteIVDEcausing paraplegia, loss of nociception in pelvic limbs and tail, and an abnormalCTMreflex postoperatively.MethodsThe caudal border of theCTMreflex was established 24 hours after surgery and at discharge, and was reported as moving cranially, caudally, or staying static. Dogs were re‐evaluated at 12–20 weeks and at 7–36 months postoperatively. Outcome was classified as improved or unimproved, successful or unsuccessful, and ascending myelomalacia or not, and compared with early movement of theCTMreflex by construction of contingency tables and performing aFisher's exact test.ResultsBy discharge (mean, 4.7 days;SD= 2.10),CTMreflex progression was caudal in 19 dogs, static in 11, and cranial in 6. Five of 6 dogs with cranial movement developed ascending myelomalacia (P< .0001). Seventeen of 19 dogs with caudal movement showed an improvement by 12–20 weeks (P= .0046) and none developed ascending myelomalacia (P= .0013).ConclusionsPostoperative changes of the caudal border of theCTMreflex are an early indicator of outcome in dogs with severe acuteIVDE. Cranial movement of theCTMreflex is significantly associated with the development of ascending myelomalacia. Caudal movement is significantly associated with improvement, but not associated with a long‐term successful outcome.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Muguet-Chanoit, Audrey C. and Olby, Natasha J. and Lim, Ji-Hey and Gallagher, Ryan and Niman, Zachary and Dillard, Stacy and Campbell, James and Early, Peter and Mariani, Christopher L. and Muñana, Karen R. and et al.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={200–206} } @article{muguet-chanoit_olby_babb_lim_gallagher_niman_dillard_campbell_2011, title={The sensory field and repeatability of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex of the dog}, volume={40}, number={7}, journal={Veterinary Surgery}, author={Muguet-Chanoit, A. C. and Olby, N. J. and Babb, K. M. and Lim, J. H. and Gallagher, R. and Niman, Z. and Dillard, S. and Campbell, J.}, year={2011}, pages={781–785} }