@article{chasse_smith_carroll_gorman_2004, title={Effect of the counterion on the rate of electron transfer in dendrimer films}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la049818e}, abstractNote={The electrochemical behavior of a film composed of a redox-active dendrimer was studied as a function of the type of counterion available during its reduction and reoxidation. The rate of permeation/migration of counterions into the film appeared to be the bottleneck to electron transfer through the film. Because the dendrimer is rather hydrophobic, increasing the hydrophobicity of the counterion increased the rate and extent of electron hopping within the films.}, number={9}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Chasse, TL and Smith, JC and Carroll, RL and Gorman, CB}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={3501–3503} }
 @inbook{carroll_fuierer_gorman_2003, title={Using probe lithography and self-assembled monolayers to investigate potential molecular electronics systems}, volume={844}, ISBN={0841237824}, booktitle={Molecules as components of electronic devises}, publisher={Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society}, author={Carroll, R. L. and Fuierer, R. and Gorman, C. B.}, year={2003}, pages={10–15} }
 @article{sauthier_carroll_gorman_franzen_2002, title={Nanoparticle Layers Assembled through DNA Hybridization:  Characterization and Optimization}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la0112763}, abstractNote={The hybridization of nanoparticle-labeled DNA targets to surface-attached DNA probes has been investigated. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to elucidate surface morphology, coverage, and the presence of aggregates. The factors that affect surface coverage, such as probe density, labeled target concentration, and particle size, were systematically investigated by STM in order to determine the best set of experimental conditions allowing the formation of dense monolayers with a minimal number of surface defects for both 5(′1) nm and 10(′2) nm gold nanoparticle labels on the target strand. Grazing-angle FTIR spectroscopy demonstrates that DNA is largely oriented once the labeled targets hybridized to the probes. Raman microscopy was used to probe the surface for the presence of large aggregates that would give rise to large scattering signals. Both STM and optical experiments provide evidence that dense surface layers can be formed without extensive aggregation. Nonselective binding was shown to be a function of the target concentration and nanoparticle size. Propensity for both aggregation and nonspecific binding is greater for 10(′2) nm than for 5(′1) nm gold nanoparticles.}, number={5}, journal={Langmuir}, author={Sauthier, M.L. and Carroll, R.L. and Gorman, C.B. and Franzen, S.}, year={2002}, pages={1825–1830} }
 @article{fuierer_carroll_feldheim_gorman_2002, title={Patterning Mesoscale Gradient Structures with Self-Assembled Monolayers and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Based Replacement Lithography}, volume={14}, ISSN={0935-9648 1521-4095}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<154::aid-adma154>3.0.co;2-b}, DOI={10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<154::AID-ADMA154>3.0.CO;2-B}, abstractNote={[19] T. Cassagneau, J. H. Fendler, T. E. Mallouk, Langmuir 2000, 16, 241.Y. Sun, E. Hao, X. Zhang, B. Yang, J. Shen, L. Chi, H. Fuchs, Langmuir1997, 13, 5168.[20] Y. Liu, A. Wang, R. Claus, J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 1385.[21] F. Caruso, H. Lichtenfeld, M. Giersig, H. Mohwald, J. Am. Chem. Soc.1998, 120, 8523. Y. M. Lvov, J. F. Rusling, D. L. Thomsen, F. Papadimitra-kopoulos, T. Kawakami, T. J. Kunitake, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1229.Y. Lvov, K. Ariga, M. Onda, I. Ichinose, T. Kunitake, Langmuir 1997,13, 6195.[22] F. G. Aliev, M. A. Correa-Duarte, J. W. Ostrander, M. Giersig, L. M. Liz-Marzan, N. A. Kotov, Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 1006. I. Ichinose, H. Tagawa,S. Mizuki, Y. Lvov, T. Kunitake, Langmuir 1998, 14, 187.[23] A. Rosidian, Y. Liu, R. O. Claus, Adv. Mater. 1998, 10, 1087. Y. Liu,A. Wang, R. O. Claus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 16, 2265.[24] For a recent review of stepwise multilayer self-assembly techniques, see:G. Decher, Science 1997, 277, 1232.[25] Ellipsometric measurements were obtained on a Rudolph AutoEL-IIIautomatic ellipsometer assuming a refractive index for the multilayersbefore and after calcination of 1.80 and 2.10, respectively. These indexeswere representative of values obtained experimentally on films greaterthan 60 nm in thickness.[26] To ensure that both sides of the quartz slide were coated evenly, the sub-strate was coated by dipping into the component solutions, rather than bydripping.[27] The approximate escape depth of photoemission, d, is given by 3k(sinh),where k is the inelastic mean free path of the photoelectron in the filmand h is the takeoff angle. We approximate k as 3 nm, a value betweenthat of TiO}, number={2}, journal={Advanced Materials}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Fuierer, R.R. and Carroll, R.L. and Feldheim, D.L. and Gorman, C.B.}, year={2002}, month={Jan}, pages={154–157} }
 @article{carroll_gorman_2002, title={The genesis of molecular electronics}, volume={41}, number={23}, journal={Angewandte Chemie [International Edition in English]}, author={Carroll, R. L. and Gorman, C. B.}, year={2002}, pages={4379–4400} }
 @article{gorman_carroll_fuierer_2001, title={Negative differential resistance in patterned electroactive self-assembled monolayers}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la010097i}, abstractNote={The phenomenon of negative differential resistance (NDR) is potentially very useful in molecular electronics device schemes. Here, it is shown that NDR can be observed in self-assembled monolayers composed of electroactive thiols on gold. Furthermore, these monolayers can be patterned using a scanning probe lithography technique described earlier to form a basis for potential molecular electronic device construction.}, number={22}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and Carroll, RL and Fuierer, RR}, year={2001}, month={Oct}, pages={6923–6930} }
 @article{gorman_he_carroll_2001, title={The influence of headgroup on the structure of self-assembled monolayers as viewed by scanning tunneling microscopy}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la0013998}, abstractNote={Molecular resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images are shown of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing alkene, cyano, and carboxylic acid headgroups. The alkene-terminated thiolate SAM displayed a lattice structure indistinguishable from those of methyl-terminated thiol. The cyano-terminated thiolate SAM showed hexagonal, square, and double-row lattice structures, indicative of polymorphism and/or multiple chemical species on the surface. The carboxylic acid-terminated thiolate SAM showed a double-row lattice structure very similar to that of the cyano-terminated thiolate SAM suggesting that perhaps the cyano groups had undergone hydrolysis to form amide and/or carboxylic acid groups. This hypothesis was supported by the results of a friction-force microscopy experiment on micro-contact printed patterns of these molecules.}, number={17}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and He, YF and Carroll, RL}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={5324–5328} }
 @article{gorman_carroll_he_tian_fuierer_2000, title={Chemically well-defined lithography using self-assembled monolayers and scanning tunneling microscopy in nonpolar organothiol solutions}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0743-7463"]}, DOI={10.1021/la0003241}, abstractNote={A method of chemically well-defined, scanning tunneling microscope-based lithography is presented in which one thiolate in a self-assembled monolayer is removed and replaced with a second thiol. This method is distinguishable from other lithographic replacement processes on SAMs in that a nonpolar solution and an uncoated tip can be employed. Elevated relative humidity was important in the facility of this process, suggesting an electrochemical mechanism for replacement. The resolution of features written with this process is ca. 10−15 nm. In nonpolar solution, the apparent heights of self-assembled decanethiolate and dodecanethiolate monolayers are reversed compared to those observed in images obtained in air. When the thiol solution was exchanged after the first replacement, writing with two different thiols was demonstrated.}, number={15}, journal={LANGMUIR}, author={Gorman, CB and Carroll, RL and He, YF and Tian, F and Fuierer, R}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={6312–6316} }