@article{cui_yuan_cheng_2014, title={Understanding pH and Ionic Strength Effects on Aluminum Sulfate-Induced Microalgae Flocculation}, volume={173}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-014-0957-4}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to understand the effect of pH and ionic strength of aluminum sulfate on the flocculation of microalgae. It was found that changing pH and ionic strength influenced algal flocculation by changing the zeta potential of cells, which was described by the classical theory of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO). For both algal species of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Nannochloropsis oculata, cells with lower total DLVO interaction energy had higher flocculation efficiency, indicating that the DLVO model was qualitatively accurate in predicting the flocculation of the two algae. However, the two algae responded differently to changing pH and ionic strength. The flocculation of N. oculata increased with increasing aluminum sulfate concentration and favored either low (pH 5) or high (pH 10) pH where cells had relatively low negative surface charges. For S. dimorphus, the highest flocculation was achieved at low ionic strength (1 μM) or moderate pH (pH 7.5) where cell surface charges were fully neutralized (zero zeta potential).}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Cui, Y. and Yuan, W. and Cheng, J.}, year={2014}, month={Aug}, pages={1692–1702} }
 @article{shen_cui_yuan_2013, title={Flocculation Optimization of Microalga Nannochloropsis oculata}, volume={169}, ISSN={["1559-0291"]}, DOI={10.1007/s12010-013-0123-4}, abstractNote={The objective of this work was to understand and optimize the flocculation of a marine alga Nannochloropsis oculata with two cationic salts, aluminum sulfate (AS), and ferric chloride (FC). Based on single-factor and response-surface-methodology experiments, second-order polynomial models were developed to examine the effect of initial algal biomass concentration (IABC), pH, and flocculant dose (FD) on final solid concentration of algae (SCA). The experimental and modeling results showed that SCA favored low pH, which however was undesirable to biomass recovery rate. There existed a positive stoichiometric relationship between FD and IABC; higher IABC required higher FD, and vice versa, for higher SCA. Optimum flocculation conditions were predicted at IABC of 1.7 g/l, pH8.3, and FD of 383.5 μM for AS, and IABC of 2.2 g/l, pH7.9, and FD of 438.1 μM for FC, under which the predicted maximum SCA were 32.98 and 30.10 g/l using AS and FC, respectively. The predictions were close to validation experimental results, indicating that the models can be used to guide and optimize the flocculation of N. oculata using AS and FC as the flocculants.}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Shen, Y. and Cui, Y. and Yuan, W.}, year={2013}, month={Apr}, pages={2049–2063} }
 @article{cui_puthson_chen_gratzl_kirkman_2000, title={Kinetic study on delignification of kraft-AQ pine pulp with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by Mn(IV)-Me4DTNE}, volume={54}, ISSN={["1437-434X"]}, DOI={10.1515/HF.2000.069}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={HOLZFORSCHUNG}, author={Cui, Y and Puthson, P and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Kirkman, AG}, year={2000}, pages={413–419} }
 @article{cui_chen_gratzl_patt_1999, title={A Mn(IV)-Me4DTNE complex catalyzed oxidation of lignin model compounds with hydrogen peroxide}, volume={144}, ISSN={["1381-1169"]}, DOI={10.1016/S1381-1169(99)00042-4}, abstractNote={1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol, 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propene (mixture of E- and Z-isomers) and E-1,2-diphenylethene were chosen as model compounds to investigate the reactivity of lignin toward hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by [L′Mn(IV)(μ-O)3Mn(IV)](ClO4)2 where L′ is 1,2-bis-(4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclonon-1-yl)ethane. All the model compounds investigated were readily oxidized to a significant extent by hydrogen peroxide when catalyzed by this complex. The reaction products were identified by GCMS, and the reaction kinetics was studied. Based on these results, the mechanisms of the reactions have been elucidated. The catalyst preferentially epoxidates C–C double bonds conjugated with aromatic moieties. The activation energy of the reactions was determined.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL}, author={Cui, Y and Chen, CL and Gratzl, JS and Patt, R}, year={1999}, month={Aug}, pages={411–417} }