@article{ma_kaber_gil_clamann_jeon_zhu_currie_2018, title={A Comparison of Virtual Reality-Based Psychomotor Task Training with Visual and Haptic Aiding}, volume={596}, ISBN={["978-3-319-60017-8"]}, ISSN={["2194-5365"]}, DOI={10.1007/978-3-319-60018-5_26}, abstractNote={The objective of this research was to compare learning effects of motor and cognitive skill training with three types of virtual reality (VR) simulation. The VR simulations included haptic (guidance forces), visual (attentional cues) and a combination of haptic and visual assistance designed to accelerate training. The results of the experiment revealed that conditions providing haptic assistance (alone and in combination with visual aids) provided more cognitive skill training than the visual-only aiding condition. Similarly, the visual condition resulted in better training of fine motor skill than the haptic condition. The combination condition led to some of the smallest training effects. The present investigation incorporating healthy participants was designed as part of an ongoing research effort to provide insight for the design of VR simulations to support rehabilitation of motor skills among disabled populations or training of new skills for occupational tasks.}, journal={ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS IN TRAINING, EDUCATION, AND LEARNING SCIENCES, AHFE 2017}, author={Ma, Wenqi and Kaber, David and Gil, Guk-Ho and Clamann, Michael and Jeon, Wooram and Zhu, Biwen and Currie, Nancy}, year={2018}, pages={265–277} }
 @article{swangnetr_kaber_phimphasak_namkorn_saenlee_zhu_puntumetakul_2014, title={The influence of rice plow handle design and whole-body posture on grip force and upper-extremity muscle activation}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1366-5847"]}, DOI={10.1080/00140139.2014.934301}, abstractNote={A previous job screening study revealed ergonomics risk factors in rice field plowing. This work motivated the present experimental investigation of the influence of plow handle design and farmer whole-body posture on grip force and arm muscle activity. A total of 24 experienced farmers performed a simulated plowing task, including walking on even and uneven ground while rolling a tiller equipped with conventional horizontal and proposed vertical handles. Results revealed the proposed handles, designed to promote neutral wrist posture, to increase upper-arm muscle use between 47% and 70% across ground types, as compared with conventional handles. The ratio of grip force to forearm muscle activity (or efficiency in muscle use) increased from 1.85 when using conventional handles on uneven ground to 2.16 when using the proposed handles with symmetrical body posture on even ground. However, participants perceived higher discomfort when using the proposed handles, as they were accustomed to the conventional design. Practitioner Summary: The findings of this work may be used to educate farmers on the potential for hand and arm injury in rice cultivation activities. Results may also provide a basis for redesign of existing tiller handles to promote neutral wrist posture, greater efficiency in muscle use and machine control.}, number={10}, journal={ERGONOMICS}, author={Swangnetr, M. and Kaber, D. and Phimphasak, C. and Namkorn, P. and Saenlee, K. and Zhu, B. and Puntumetakul, R.}, year={2014}, pages={1526–1535} }
 @article{clamann_zhu_beaver_taylor_kaber_2012, title={Comparison of infant car seat grip orientations and lift strategies}, volume={43}, ISSN={["0003-6870"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.apergo.2011.10.003}, abstractNote={The rear-facing Infant Car Seat (ICS) is designed to meet federal requirements for transporting children less than 1 year old. Typical use includes transfer in and out of a vehicle, which is shown to be a difficult lift. Despite the frequency of this lift, manufacturers provide little guidance for users. Review of relevant literature suggested an ICS featuring an angled handle, promoting a neutral wrist posture, would increase grip stability and decrease lifting effort. Popular press suggested a foot-in-car stance for the ICS lift would do the same. An experiment was conducted in which wrist deviations from neutral posture were recorded along with lifting muscle activation levels (multiple flexor muscles and biceps brachii) and overall perceived exertion for straight versus a new bent handle design and conventional stance versus foot-in-car. Foot position was examined to test the recommendations in the popular press. Surprisingly, wrist deviation was not significantly affected by the new bent handle design (due to compensatory behavior with the straight handle) but was related to foot placement (p = 0.04). Results revealed the bent handle to significantly reduce flexor activation compared with the straight handle (p = 0.0003); however, the level of biceps activation increased. Biceps activation also significantly increased for foot-in-car stance (p = 0.035) but not flexor activation. In general, the bent handle enabled the user to lift the ICS with a steadier grip and less effort.}, number={4}, journal={APPLIED ERGONOMICS}, author={Clamann, Michael and Zhu, Biwen and Beaver, Leah and Taylor, Kinley and Kaber, David}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={650–657} }