@article{selm_peterson_hess_beck_mchale_2019, title={Educational attainment predicts negative perceptions women have of their own climate change knowledge}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1932-6203"]}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pone.0210149}, abstractNote={Education may encourage personal and collective responses to climate change, but climate education has proven surprisingly difficult and complex. Self-perception of knowledge and intelligence represent one factor that may impact willingness to learn about climate change. We explored this possibility with a case study in Raleigh, North Carolina in 2015 (n = 200). Our goal was to test how gender and ethnicity influenced perceptions people had of their own climate change knowledge. Survey respondents were asked how strongly they agreed with the statement “I feel knowledgeable about climate change” (1 = strongly disagree, and 5 = strongly agree). Our survey instrument also included demographic questions about race, age, income, gender, and education, as well as respondent’s experience with natural disasters and drought. We observed an interaction between education and gender where women’s self-perceived knowledge was higher than men among people with low levels of educational attainment, but was higher for men than women among people with high levels of educational attainment. In addition, minority respondents self-reported lower perceived climate change knowledge than white respondents, regardless of educational attainment. This study enhances our understanding of the gender gap in self-perceptions of climate knowledge by suggesting it is contingent on educational attainment. This could be the result of stereotype-threat experienced by women and minorities, and exacerbated by educational systems. Because people who question their knowledge are often more able to learn, particularly in ideologically charged contexts, highly educated women and minorities may be more successful learning about climate change than white men.}, number={1}, journal={PLOS ONE}, author={Selm, Kathryn R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Hess, George R. and Beck, Scott M. and McHale, Melissa R.}, year={2019}, month={Jan} }
 @article{selm_hess_peterson_beck_mchale_2018, title={Developing an Instrument to Measure Autonomous Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change among Urban Households}, volume={6}, ISSN={["2296-701X"]}, DOI={10.3389/fevo.2018.00013}, abstractNote={The capacity of households in urban environments to adapt and react to climate change can affect the resilience of the whole community, and instruments for systematically measuring that capacity are needed. We used Raleigh, NC as a case study to explore the dimensions of autonomous adaptive capacity of urban households and to create a scale and associated survey instrument to measure them. Our approach was guided by four capitals that support human livelihoods: social, human, physical, and financial. We surveyed 200 households in Raleigh, NC, and used a principal components analysis to test the scale and survey instrument. Results suggest the scale is a useful and concise tool. Three major dimensions were present among the scale items: financial capital, political awareness, and access to resources. Together, these three dimensions can be used to measure adaptive capacity among different households. These findings are supported by similar work illustrating the value of income inequality and political awareness as indicators of adaptive capacity. Our results also demonstrate that complex relationships among the livelihood capitals may confound our ability to measure financial, physical, and human capitals separately. This framework for assessing adaptive capacity of households, with further refinement and testing, may be used in urban areas to evaluate programs designed to impact resilience to climate change.}, journal={FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION}, author={Selm, Kathryn R. and Hess, George R. and Peterson, M. Nils and Beck, Scott M. and McHale, Melissa R.}, year={2018}, month={Feb} }
 @article{tsai_leung_mchale_floyd_reich_2018, title={Relationships between urban green land cover and human health at different spatial resolutions}, volume={22}, ISSN={1083-8155 1573-1642}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-018-0813-3}, DOI={10.1007/s11252-018-0813-3}, number={2}, journal={Urban Ecosystems}, publisher={Springer Nature}, author={Tsai, Wei-Lun and Leung, Yu-Fai and McHale, Melissa R. and Floyd, Myron F. and Reich, Brian J.}, year={2018}, month={Nov}, pages={315–324} }
 @article{beck_mchale_hess_2016, title={Beyond Impervious: Urban Land-Cover Pattern Variation and Implications for Watershed Management}, volume={58}, ISSN={["1432-1009"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00267-016-0700-8}, abstractNote={Impervious surfaces degrade urban water quality, but their over-coverage has not explained the persistent water quality variation observed among catchments with similar rates of imperviousness. Land-cover patterns likely explain much of this variation, although little is known about how they vary among watersheds. Our goal was to analyze a series of urban catchments within a range of impervious cover to evaluate how land-cover varies among them. We then highlight examples from the literature to explore the potential effects of land-cover pattern variability for urban watershed management. High-resolution (1 m(2)) land-cover data were used to quantify 23 land-cover pattern and stormwater infrastructure metrics within 32 catchments across the Triangle Region of North Carolina. These metrics were used to analyze variability in land-cover patterns among the study catchments. We used hierarchical clustering to organize the catchments into four groups, each with a distinct landscape pattern. Among these groups, the connectivity of combined land-cover patches accounted for 40 %, and the size and shape of lawns and buildings accounted for 20 %, of the overall variation in land-cover patterns among catchments. Storm water infrastructure metrics accounted for 8 % of the remaining variation. Our analysis demonstrates that land-cover patterns do vary among urban catchments, and that trees and grass (lawns) are divergent cover types in urban systems. The complex interactions among land-covers have several direct implications for the ongoing management of urban watersheds.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT}, author={Beck, Scott M. and McHale, Melissa R. and Hess, George R.}, year={2016}, month={Jul}, pages={15–30} }
 @article{jenerette_clarke_avolio_pataki_gillespie_pincetl_nowak_hutyra_mchale_mcfadden_et al._2016, title={Climate tolerances and trait choices shape continental patterns of urban tree biodiversity}, volume={25}, number={11}, journal={Global Ecology and Biogeography}, author={Jenerette, G. D. and Clarke, L. W. and Avolio, M. L. and Pataki, D. E. and Gillespie, T. W. and Pincetl, S. and Nowak, D. J. and Hutyra, L. R. and McHale, M. and McFadden, J. P. and et al.}, year={2016}, pages={1367–1376} }
 @article{youth_hess_peterson_mchale_bigsby_2015, title={Demographic shifts around drinking water supply reservoirs in North Carolina, USA}, volume={21}, ISSN={1354-9839 1469-6711}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2015.1035240}, DOI={10.1080/13549839.2015.1035240}, abstractNote={Infrastructure intended to serve the public good frequently has implications for environmental justice and social sustainability. Drinking water supplies for sub/urban areas in North Carolina, USA, have regularly been secured by constructing dams to impound reservoirs. We used high-resolution, publicly available US Census data to explore whether 66 such reservoirs in North Carolina have induced demographic shifts in the communities that find themselves adjacent to the newly created lakeshores. Our principal findings include: (1) The ratio of white people to non-white people was significantly higher in communities within 0.5 miles of reservoir shorelines than in more distant communities; (2) even as North Carolina overall became less white from 1990 to 2010, the ratio of white people to non-white people within the 0.5 miles of the shoreline increased relative to the overall ratio in the State; and (3) similar, but less distinct, shifts in per capita income occurred during the period. Our results are consistent with the proposition that reservoirs have induced demographic shifts in communities adjacent to newly created lakeshores similar to the shifts associated with environmental gentrification and amenity migration, and may now be associated with perpetuating those shifts. These findings raise concerns about environmental justice and social sustainability that should be considered when planning and building infrastructure that creates environmental amenities. Where reservoirs are being planned, social costs, including the costs of demographic shifts associated with environmental gentrification or amenity migration, and disproportionate regulatory burdens, should be mitigated through innovative policy if possible.}, number={7}, journal={Local Environment}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Youth, Michael D. and Hess, George R. and Peterson, M. Nils and McHale, Melissa R. and Bigsby, Kevin M.}, year={2015}, month={Apr}, pages={827–843} }
 @article{steelman_nichols_james_bradford_ebersöhn_scherman_omidire_bunn_twine_mchale_2015, title={Practicing the science of sustainability: the challenges of transdisciplinarity in a developing world context}, volume={10}, ISSN={1862-4065 1862-4057}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-015-0334-4}, DOI={10.1007/s11625-015-0334-4}, number={4}, journal={Sustainability Science}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Steelman, Toddi and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie and James, April and Bradford, Lori and Ebersöhn, Liesel and Scherman, Vanessa and Omidire, Funke and Bunn, David N. and Twine, Wayne and McHale, Melissa R.}, year={2015}, month={Sep}, pages={581–599} }
 @article{metzger_mchale_hess_steelman_2016, title={Same time, same place: analyzing temporal and spatial trends in urban metabolism using proximate counties in the North Carolina Triangle}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1573-1642"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11252-015-0503-3}, number={1}, journal={URBAN ECOSYSTEMS}, author={Metzger, Alexander E. and McHale, Melissa R. and Hess, George R. and Steelman, Toddi A.}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={1–18} }
 @article{mchale_pickett_barbosa_bunn_cadenasso_childers_gartin_hess_iwaniec_mcphearson_et al._2015, title={The new global urban realm: complex, connected, diffuse, and diverse social-ecological systems}, volume={7}, number={5}, journal={Sustainability}, author={McHale, M. R. and Pickett, S. T. A. and Barbosa, O. and Bunn, D. N. and Cadenasso, M. L. and Childers, D. L. and Gartin, M. and Hess, G. R. and Iwaniec, D. M. and McPhearson, T. and et al.}, year={2015}, pages={5211–5240} }
 @article{schwarz_fragkias_boone_zhou_mchale_grove_o'neil-dunne_mcfadden_buckley_childers_et al._2015, title={Trees grow on money: Urban tree canopy cover and environmental justice}, volume={10}, number={4}, journal={PLoS One}, author={Schwarz, K. and Fragkias, M. and Boone, C. G. and Zhou, W. Q. and McHale, M. and Grove, J. M. and O'Neil-Dunne, J. and McFadden, J. P. and Buckley, G. L. and Childers, D. and et al.}, year={2015} }
 @article{tsai_floyd_leung_mchale_reich_2016, title={Urban Vegetative Cover Fragmentation in the US Associations With Physical Activity and BMI}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1873-2607"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84961144121&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1016/j.amepre.2015.09.022}, abstractNote={Introduction Urban vegetative cover provides a range of ecosystem services including contributions to human health and well-being. Urbanization exerts tremendous pressure on this natural resource, causing fragmentation and loss of urban greenspace. This study aimed to examine associations between vegetative cover fragmentation and physical activity and BMI at the county scale in the U.S. metropolitan statistical areas greater than 1 million in population. Methods National Land Cover Database 2006 and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2008 provided land cover and human health data, respectively. Analyses were performed in 2013 at the county scale where the health data were reported. Spearman rank correlation and stepwise and hierarchical regression models were applied to estimate relationships between land cover and health variables. Results After controlling for median household income and race, greater forest edge density (β=0.272, p<0.05) and larger size of herbaceous patches (β=0.261, p<0.01) were associated with a higher percentage of participation in physical activity within counties. More connections between forest and developed area (β=0.37, p<0.01) and greater edge density of shrubland (β=0.646, p<0.001) were positively associated with a higher percentage of normal BMI (<25) within counties. Conclusions Forest land cover and some degree of fragmentation are associated with population physical activity. Future studies should examine how built environments and varying land cover configurations influence physical activity and weight status.}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE}, author={Tsai, Wei-Lun and Floyd, Myron F. and Leung, Yu-Fai and McHale, Melissa R. and Reich, Brian J.}, year={2016}, month={Apr}, pages={509–517} }
 @article{zhang_wu_grimm_mchale_buyantuyev_2013, title={A hierarchical patch mosaic ecosystem model for urban landscapes: Model development and evaluation}, volume={250}, journal={Ecological Modelling}, author={Zhang, C. and Wu, J. G. and Grimm, N. B. and McHale, M. and Buyantuyev, A.}, year={2013}, pages={81–100} }
 @article{pickett_boone_mcgrath_cadenasso_childers_ogden_mchale_grove_2013, title={Ecological science and transformation to the sustainable city}, volume={32}, journal={Cities}, author={Pickett, S. T. A. and Boone, C. G. and McGrath, B. P. and Cadenasso, M. L. and Childers, D. L. and Ogden, L. A. and McHale, M. and Grove, J. M.}, year={2013}, pages={S10–20} }
 @article{inkiläinen_mchale_blank_james_nikinmaa_2013, title={The role of the residential urban forest in regulating throughfall: A case study in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA}, volume={119}, ISSN={0169-2046}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.002}, DOI={10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.002}, abstractNote={Overwhelming stormwater volumes, associated with deteriorating water quality and severe flooding in urbanizing cities, have become a great environmental and financial concern globally. Urban forests are capable of reducing the amount of stormwater runoff, in part, by regulating throughfall via canopy rainfall interception; however, the lack of stand-scale studies of urban throughfall hinders realistic estimates of the benefits of urban vegetation for stormwater regulation. Furthermore, urban forest characteristics that may be influencing rainfall interception are difficult to establish as these environments are extremely heterogeneous and managed, to a large extent, by private residents with varying landscape preferences. To quantify the amount of rainfall interception by vegetation in a residential urban forest we measured throughfall in Raleigh, NC, USA between July and November 2010. We analyzed 16 residential yards with varying vegetation structure to evaluate the relative importance of different descriptive measures of vegetation in influencing throughfall in an urban watershed. Throughfall comprised 78.1–88.9% of gross precipitation, indicating 9.1–21.4% rainfall interception. Canopy cover (p < 0.0001) and coniferous trees (p = 0.017) were the most influential vegetation variables explaining throughfall whereas variables such as leaf area index were not found significant in our models. Throughfall and vegetation characteristics varied significantly among yards (p < 0.0001), between front and back yards (p < 0.0001), and between rented and privately-owned yards (p = 0.001), suggesting a potentially significant role in stormwater regulation for urban residents.}, journal={Landscape and Urban Planning}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Inkiläinen, Elina N.M. and McHale, Melissa R. and Blank, Gary B. and James, April L. and Nikinmaa, Eero}, year={2013}, month={Nov}, pages={91–103} }
 @article{bigsby_mchale_hess_2014, title={Urban Morphology Drives the Homogenization of Tree Cover in Baltimore, MD, and Raleigh, NC}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1435-0629"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10021-013-9718-4}, number={2}, journal={ECOSYSTEMS}, author={Bigsby, Kevin M. and McHale, Melissa R. and Hess, George R.}, year={2014}, month={Mar}, pages={212–227} }
 @article{mchale_bunn_pickett_twine_2013, title={Urban ecology in a developing world: Why advanced socioecological theory needs Africa}, volume={11}, number={10}, journal={Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment}, author={McHale, M. R. and Bunn, D. N. and Pickett, S. T. A. and Twine, W.}, year={2013}, pages={556–564} }
 @article{nelson_mchale_peterson_2012, title={Influences of landscape and lifestyle on home energy consumption}, volume={15}, number={4}, journal={Urban Ecosystems}, author={Nelson, C. and McHale, M. R. and Peterson, M. N.}, year={2012}, pages={773–793} }