@article{pucheu-haston_jackson_olivry_dunston_hammerberg_2008, title={Epicutaneous sensitization with Dermatophagoides farinae induces generalized allergic dermatitis and elevated mite-specific immunoglobulin E levels in a canine model of atopic dermatitis}, volume={38}, ISSN={["0954-7894"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-40949126521&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02949.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY}, author={Pucheu-Haston, C. M. and Jackson, H. A. and Olivry, T. and Dunston, S. M. and Hammerberg, B.}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={667–679} }
 @misc{olivry_paps_bizikova_murphy_jackson_zebala_2007, title={A pilot open trial evaluating the efficacy of low-dose aminopterin in the canine homologue of human atopic dermatitis}, volume={157}, ISSN={["1365-2133"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-35348885050&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08133.x}, abstractNote={SIR, Methotrexate and aminopterin (AMT) are antifolate agents that also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects stemming from several mechanisms that include the extracellular release of adenosine, a potent anti-inflammatory autocoid. Because of such properties, methotrexate has been used in the last decade for treatment of inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis. Results from two open trials suggested that methotrexate benefited human patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Compared with methotrexate, AMT appears to be more potent and to have a higher bioavailability and lower toxic effects. In this proof-of-concept open two-phase trial, we report the efficacy of AMT in the spontaneous canine model of human AD. In the first phase that lasted 4 weeks, nine dogs with perennial AD diagnosed with conventional methods were given oral AMT 0Æ010 mg kg once weekly. During this phase, subjects did not receive any other interventions outside of weekly antimicrobial shampoos and monthly flea preventatives. Before, and 2 and 4 weeks after beginning AMT, investigators graded skin lesions using the validated Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI). Additionally, owners rated the degree of pruritic manifestations using a 10-point visual analogue scale (PVAS). A global score (GS) combined previous grades as follows: GS = (CADESI · PVAS) ⁄100. At the end of this phase, investigators and owners evaluated subjectively the overall efficacy of AMT using a scale from 0 (no efficacy; < 10% reduction in signs) to 4 (very good efficacy; 75–90% reduction in signs). During the second phase, which could last up to 11 months, dogs received AMT 0Æ010 mg kg once weekly, but this dosage could be increased to 0Æ015 and 0Æ020 mg kg once weekly in case of need. In this extension phase, anti-infectious and ⁄or anti-inflammatory medications were allowed if necessary, and were recorded. Patients were seen monthly and evaluated as above. Weekly during the first month, and every 2–4 weeks thereafter, blood was drawn for full blood counts and serum chemistry panels. Eight of nine dogs completed the 4-week induction phase; one dog (no. 7) was withdrawn because of bacterial folliculitis. CADESI and GS values, but not PVAS numbers, were significantly lower after 4 weeks compared with pretreatment (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0Æ05; Fig. 1). After 4 weeks, the median reductions in CADESI, PVAS and GS were 36%, 2Æ8 ⁄10 points and 62%, respectively. At that time, a ‡ 50% reduction from baseline CADESI and GS values was achieved in three of eight and six of eight dogs, respectively (Table 1), and the overall efficacy rating was 2Æ2, a value slightly above the ‘fair efficacy; 25–50% reduction’ mark. Seven dogs continued to receive AMT for up to 40 weeks. One dog (no. 5) was withdrawn after 8 weeks because of lack of efficacy despite doubling the dosage of AMT. Altogether, six of seven dogs (86%) achieved a ‡ 80% reduction in baseline GS values at one time point during the extension phase (Tables 1 and 2), and the disease neared or was in complete Fig 1. Evolution of global scores over 4 weeks in nine dogs treated with aminopterin. In the upper panel, each line corresponds to a different patient. In the lower panel, boxes correspond to the 95% confidence interval, the line is the median and the whiskers highlight the range of values. CADESI, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index; PVAS, pruritus visual analogue scale.}, number={5}, journal={BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T. and Paps, J. S. and Bizikova, P. and Murphy, K. M. and Jackson, H. A. and Zebala, J.}, year={2007}, month={Nov}, pages={1040–1042} }
 @article{jackson_2006, title={Vesicular cutaneous lupus}, volume={36}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice}, author={Jackson, H. A.}, year={2006}, pages={251-} }
 @article{tater_jackson_paps_hammerberg_2005, title={Effects of routine prophylactic vaccination or administration of aluminum adjuvant alone on allergen-specific serum IgE and IgG responses in allergic dogs}, volume={66}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1572}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={9}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Tater, KC and Jackson, HA and Paps, J and Hammerberg, B}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={1572–1577} }
 @article{olivry_jackson_murphy_tater_roberts_2005, title={Evaluation of a point-of-care immunodot assay for predicting results of allergen-specific intradermal and immunoglobulin E serological tests}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-18544380343&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00442.x}, abstractNote={Abstract  Immunotherapy to prevent recurrence of clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on intradermal or serological tests that assist in identifying allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E hypersensitivities. Unfortunately, the results of such tests can be negatively influenced by several factors, which include the age of the patients, the season of testing and the administration of anti‐allergic drugs. Screening to predict when these expensive tests will be useful would benefit owners of dogs with AD. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a point‐of‐care allergen‐specific immunodot assay (Allercept E‐Screen©, Heska Corp., Ft Collins, CO, USA) could predict results of either intradermal or Allercept© full panel serological tests in atopic dogs. Thirty dogs living in the south‐eastern USA were diagnosed with AD in accordance with current standards. Allergen‐specific intradermal, serological and E‐Screen© tests were performed in all subjects. For flea, house dust mite and pollen allergens altogether, results of the E‐Screen© assay agreed with those of intradermal and serological tests in 26/30 dogs (87%) and 25/30 dogs (83%), respectively. In this group of dogs, the probabilities of obtaining intradermal or serological tests positive for these allergens were 70 and 67%, respectively. If either skin or serum tests were performed only in dogs with positive E‐Screen© tests, the probability of obtaining positive results would be increased from 70 to 95% and from 67 to 90%, respectively. In this population of dogs with AD, results of the E‐Screen© point‐of‐care immunodot assay was found to often agree with those of allergen‐specific intradermal or Allercept© tests for selected allergen groups.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Tater, KC and Roberts, M}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={117–120} }
 @article{breitschwerdt_blann_stebbins_munana_davidson_jackson_willard_2004, title={Clinicopathological abnormalities and treatment response in 24 dogs seroreactive to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0587-2871"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1842839032&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.5326/0400092}, abstractNote={Bartonella vinsonii (B. vinsonii) subspecies berkhoffii is a recently recognized cause of endocarditis, myocarditis, and granulomatous disease in dogs. In an effort to elucidate other potential disease manifestations, the case records of 24 dogs that were seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens were studied retrospectively. Diagnoses included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, neutrophilic or granulomatous meningoencephalitis, neutrophilic polyarthritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and uveitis. Repeated B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antibody titers became negative after treatment. This study indicates that a diverse spectrum of disease manifestations and clinicopathological abnormalities can be detected in dogs that are seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ANIMAL HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Breitschwerdt, EB and Blann, KR and Stebbins, ME and Munana, KR and Davidson, MG and Jackson, HA and Willard, MD}, year={2004}, pages={92–101} }
 @article{jackson_2004, title={Eleven cases of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in Shetland sheepdogs and rough collies: clinical management and prognosis}, volume={15}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00355.x}, abstractNote={Abstract A cutaneous ulcerative disease is recognized to affect the adult Shetland sheepdog and rough collie. This has a distinct clinical and histological appearance consistent with a vesicular variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (VCLE). Retrospective information on the clinical outcome and response to therapy was collected from 11 cases of histologically confirmed VCLE. In 8/11 dogs the onset of disease was in the summer; in three dogs recrudescence occurred in subsequent summers. In eight dogs the skin disease was judged to be 75–100% controlled with therapy after a minimum follow‐up of 9 months. Successful treatment in seven of these cases comprised immunosuppressive doses of oral glucocorticoids, alone (one dog), in combination with azathioprine (five dogs) and doxycycline (one dog). One case responded to topical fluocinolone. Three dogs were euthanased for reasons directly related to the disease, one prior to initiating any therapy. Vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in the rough collie and Shetland sheepdog can be a debilitating skin disease which is best managed with aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Sun avoidance or the use of sunscreens is an important additional management recommendation.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Jackson, HA}, year={2004}, month={Feb}, pages={37–41} }
 @article{white_affolter_bannasch_schultheiss_hamar_chapman_naydan_spier_rosychuk_rees_et al._2004, title={Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia ('hyperelastosis cutis') in 50 horses: clinical, histological, immunohistological and ultrastructural findings}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1365-3164"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00402.x}, abstractNote={Abstract Data on fifty horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA; ‘hyperelastosis cutis’) were collected on clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistological findings. All horses were Quarter horses or of Quarter horse ancestry. Pedigree evaluation strongly supported an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The most common lesions were seromas/haematomas, open wounds, sloughing skin, and loose, easily tented skin that did not return to its initial position. Definitive diagnosis could not be made via histopathology, although the presence of tightly grouped thin and shortened collagen fibres arranged in clusters in the deep dermis was suggestive of the disease. Trichrome, acid orcein‐Giemsa and immunohistochemical stains for collagens I and III showed no consistent abnormalities compared to control horses; an increase in elastic fibres was not a consistent finding. Electron microscopy showed no abnormalities in the periodicity of the collagen bundles; neither orientation nor variation of cross‐section diameter of the collagen fibrils differentiated control from affected horses. The diagnosis of HERDA relies on clinical presentation, but may be supported by suggestive (although not pathognomonic) histopathological lesions.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={White, SD and Affolter, VK and Bannasch, DL and Schultheiss, PC and Hamar, DW and Chapman, PL and Naydan, D and Spier, SJ and Rosychuk, RAW and Rees, C and et al.}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={207–217} }
 @article{jackson_olivry_berget_dunston_bonnefont_chabanne_2004, title={Immunopathology of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in the rough collie and Shetland sheepdog: a canine homologue of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in humans}, volume={15}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-4444307321&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00393.x}, abstractNote={Abstract  Clinical and histological features of an erosive disease in the rough collie and Shetland sheepdog are most consistent with a vesicular variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (VCLE). This paper reports the immunopathological findings of canine VCLE using samples from 17 affected dogs. Lesional skin sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for CD3 (11 dogs) or a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for leukocyte antigens (two dogs). Apoptotic cells were detected using the TUNEL method in 12 cases. Direct (14 dogs) and indirect immunofluorescence tests (five dogs) were also performed. Circulating antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) were surveyed in 11 dogs by immunoblotting and ELISA. The predominant cells at the dermal–epidermal interface were identified as CD3+ T lymphocytes expressing CD4 or CD8 and CD1+ dendritic antigen presenting cells. In 7/12 dogs (58%), apoptosis of basal keratinocyte nuclei was present. Up‐regulation of MHCII and ICAM‐1 was observed on basal keratinocytes from the two dogs examined. Direct immunofluorescence revealed deposition of immunoglobulins bound to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes (6/14 dogs; 43%), to the dermal–epidermal junction (7/14 dogs; 50%), or to superficial dermal venules (13/14 dogs; 93%). Circulating IgG auto‐antibodies targeting one or more ENA were detected in nine (82%) and eight (73%) of 11 dogs by immunoblotting and ELISA, respectively. These auto‐antibodies recognized Ro/SSA and/or La/SSB in four (36%) and six (55%) of 11 dogs respectively by these two methods. Altogether, results of these studies provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that canine VCLE is an immunological homologue of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus in humans.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Jackson, HA and Olivry, T and Berget, F and Dunston, SM and Bonnefont, C and Chabanne, L}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={230–239} }
 @article{olivry_dunston_rivierre_jackson_murphy_peters_dean_2003, title={A randomized controlled trial of misoprostol monotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: effects on dermal cellularity and cutaneous tumour necrosis factor-alpha}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037310297&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2003.00323.x}, abstractNote={Abstract In this blinded randomized placebo‐controlled trial, 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) were given placebo (8 dogs) or misoprostol (12 dogs) at 5 µg kg−1, orally, three times daily for 3 weeks. Administration of the active drug, but not of placebo, led to a significant decrease in lesional and pruritus scores. The median reduction from baseline of both scores was ≈30%. Misoprostol therapy did not lead to decreases of dermal cell counts or skin tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA copy numbers that were significantly different from those of placebo. Skin TNFα protein production, assessed using indirect immunofluorescence, decreased or remained unchanged in dogs receiving misoprostol. In contrast, post treatment TNFα fluorescence scores were higher in all but two dogs given placebo. The changes from baseline of TNFα fluorescence scores did not correlate significantly with those of lesional or pruritus indices. These observations confirm the modest efficacy of misoprostol for treatment of canine AD and suggest that its mild anti‐allergic effects are not associated with either inhibition of inflammatory cell emigration or TNFα production.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Dunston, SM and Rivierre, C and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Peters, E and Dean, GA}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={37–46} }
 @article{kimber_dearman_penninks_knippels_buchanan_hammerberg_jackson_helm_2003, title={Assessment of protein allergenicity on the basis of immune reactivity: Animal models}, volume={111}, DOI={10.1289/ehp.5813}, abstractNote={Because of the public concern surrounding the issue of the safety of genetically modified organisms, it is critical to have appropriate methodologies to aid investigators in identifying potential hazards associated with consumption of foods produced with these materials. A recent panel of experts convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization suggested there is scientific evidence that using data from animal studies will contribute important information regarding the allergenicity of foods derived from biotechnology. This view has given further impetus to the development of suitable animal models for allergenicity assessment. This article is a review of what has been achieved and what still has to be accomplished regarding several different animal models. Progress made in the design and evaluation of models in the rat, the mouse, the dog and in swine is reviewed and discussed.}, number={8}, journal={Environmental Health Perspectives}, author={Kimber, I. and Dearman, R. J. and Penninks, A. H. and Knippels, L. M. J. and Buchanan, R. B. and Hammerberg, B. and Jackson, H. A. and Helm, R. M.}, year={2003}, pages={1125–1130} }
 @article{jackson_jackson_coblentz_hammerberg_2003, title={Evaluation of the clinical and allergen specific serum immunoglobulin E responses to oral challenge with cornstarch, corn, soy and a soy hydrolysate diet in dogs with spontaneous food allergy}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2003.00338.x}, abstractNote={Abstract Fourteen dogs with known clinical hypersensitivity to soy and corn were maintained on a limited antigen duck and rice diet until cutaneous manifestations of pruritus were minimal (78 days). Sequential oral challenges with cornstarch, corn and soy were then performed. Subsequently, the dogs were fed a diet containing hydrolysed soy protein and cornstarch. Throughout the study period the dogs were examined for cutaneous manifestations of pruritus and, additionally, serum was collected for measurement of allergen‐specific and total immunoglobulin (Ig)E concentrations. Intradermal testing with food antigens was performed prior to entry into the study and after 83 days. A statistically significant clinical improvement was measured between days 0 and 83. Significant pruritus was induced after oral challenge with cornstarch, corn and soy (P = 0.04, 0.002, 0.01, respectively) but not with the hydrolysed diet (P = 0.5). The positive predictive value of the skin test for soy and corn allergy was reduced after feeding a soy and corn free diet. Although increases in soy and corn‐specific serum IgE concentrations were measured in individual dogs post challenge they were not statistically significant and could not be used to predict clinical hypersensitivity.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Jackson, HA and Jackson, MW and Coblentz, L and Hammerberg, B}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={181–187} }
 @article{jackson_2002, title={Approach to the pruritic dog}, volume={12}, ISBN={1354-0157}, number={4}, journal={Waltham Focus}, author={Jackson, H. A.}, year={2002}, pages={4} }
 @article{olivry_rivierre_jackson_murphy_davidson_sousa_2002, title={Cyclosporine decreases skin lesions and pruritus in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a blinded randomized prednisolone-controlled trial}, volume={13}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036546956&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2002.00283.x}, abstractNote={Abstract During the last decade, oral cyclosporin (CsA) has proven to be effective, in randomized controlled trials, for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in human patients. The purpose of this blinded randomized controlled trial was to test the hypothesis that CsA was successful in reducing the gravity of clinical signs of AD in dogs. Thirty dogs with nonseasonal AD were randomly allocated to receive an oral solution of either NEORAL CsA (5 mg kg−1) or prednisolone (0.5 mg kg−1) once daily for 6 weeks. Before, and 3 and 6 weeks after therapy, skin lesions were graded by clinicians using the Canine AD Extent and Severity Index (CADESI). Pruritus was assessed by the owners using a visual analog scale (PVAS). In both groups, CADESI and PVAS values were significantly lower at 6 weeks post treatment than before the initiation of therapy (Friedman test, P < 0.0004). The percentage reductions in CADESI and PVAS values from baseline were not statistically different between groups (Mann–Whitney test, P > 0.3). In this experiment, the tolerability and safety of oral CsA and prednisolone appeared similar. One‐fifth of dogs given oral CsA occasionally developed diarrhoea or soft stools. One dog that was given CsA developed a generalized papillomatous skin eruption during the second half of the trial. Our study provides randomized controlled trial evidence that CsA reduces the severity of clinical signs in dogs with nonseasonal AD. Moreover, the anti‐allergic efficacy of CsA appears comparable with that of prednisolone. We propose that oral CsA should be considered as a valuable alternative to glucocorticoid therapy in dogs with AD.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Rivierre, C and Jackson, HA and Murphy, KM and Davidson, G and Sousa, CA}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={77–87} }
 @article{jackson_hammerberg_2002, title={Evaluation of a spontaneous canine model of immunoglobulin E- mediated food hypersensitivity: Dynamic changes in serum and fecal allergen-specific immunoglobulin E values relative to dietary change}, volume={52}, number={4}, journal={Comparative Medicine}, author={Jackson, H. A. and Hammerberg, B.}, year={2002}, pages={316–321} }
 @article{jackson_orton_hammerberg_2002, title={IgE is present on peripheral blood monocytes and B cells in normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis but there is no correlation with serum IgE concentrations}, volume={85}, ISSN={["0165-2427"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00003-X}, abstractNote={Blood was collected from 29 dogs, 14 with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 15 controls. Total serum IgE was quantitated. Peripheral blood monocytes were harvested and labeled with leucocyte markers and anti-canine IgE before analysis by flow cytometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the atopic and control groups when the mean number of cells in the monocyte (CD14), antigen presenting cell (CD1c) or B cell (CD21) populations were examined. However, the variation in cell numbers was significant and much greater in the atopic group for CD1c and CD14 labeled cells. The mean percentage of double labeled cells, CD1c/IgE and CD14/IgE was significantly lower in the atopic population compared with the controls. More variation was observed in the numbers of monocytes of atopic dogs (CD14/IgE) and antigen presenting cells (CD1c/IgE) of control dogs. The mean percentage of B cells expressing IgE was 65 and 51% in the atopic and control groups respectively which is greater than that reported in humans. There was no statistically significant difference. Total serum IgE concentrations were similar in each group and did not correlate with cell bound IgE in any of the leucocyte populations studied. Canine AD is associated with more variability in circulating monocyte numbers and lower numbers of monocytes expressing IgE than control dogs. Unlike in humans, there is no correlation between circulating and cell bound IgE. Furthermore, high levels of IgE in the dog may be related to a greater number of B cells in the circulation committed to IgE production.}, number={3-4}, journal={VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY}, author={Jackson, HA and Orton, SM and Hammerberg, B}, year={2002}, month={Mar}, pages={225–232} }
 @misc{olivry_jackson_2001, title={An alopecic phenotype of canine pemphigus vulgaris?}, volume={145}, ISSN={["0007-0963"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034825831&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04311.x}, abstractNote={Sir, Sea-urchins are found along the coastline, including in many tourism sites. Their spines consist of calcium carbonate crystals covered by a layer of epithelium. Injuries from seaurchins result from penetration of the spines into the dermis or subcutis, leading to pain of several days' duration. Complications include local inflammation and infection or a delayed granulomatous foreign-body reaction that can develop weeks or months later. The latter may often be followed by long-lasting pain and even by loss of function. To prevent these sequelae, most authors favour the excision of spines rather than waiting for spontaneous recovery as recommended by others. At present, no uniformly accepted successful treatment method is available. We found the erbium:YAG laser to be a suitable tool for effective removal of the spines. Four patients presented to our outpatient department about 1 week after a sea-urchin spinous injury during a vacation. They all suffered from severe pain and loss of function of the injured extremities. Previous attempts to remove the spines mechanically had not been successful. Inspection disclosed multiple black spines (. 50) up to 1 mm in diameter in the soles of the feet (Fig. 1A) in three of the patients. Mobility at the distal interphalangeal joints was reduced due to an accompanying erythematous oedema. The fourth patient had spines in the left index finger, with swelling and reduced flexibility. We decided to use the erbium:YAG laser (Medilas E, Dornier, Munich, Germany; spot size 2 ́5 mm, 300 mJ, fluence 6 J cm, repetition rate 5±10 Hz) to remove the foreign material. Three of the patients were treated under local infiltration anaesthesia (1% lidocaine without epinephrine), and one under general anaesthesia. The foreign bodies were destroyed leaving circumscribed crater lesions with tiny pinpoint areas of bleeding (Fig. 1B). Postoperatively, an antiseptic wound dressing was applied. In two of the patients we took a 2-mm skin biopsy; histological examination revealed penetration of the spines into the deep dermis and even subcutis. Two treatment sessions were necessary to remove all the widespread spines in two patients. The wounds re-epithelialized at the latest within 2 weeks after treatment; in some locations we saw focal hyperkeratosis but there were no signs of scarring. Figure 1(C) shows the typical appearance 4 weeks after treatment. Mobility and function of the distal phalanges were restored completely. During 1 year of follow-up no delayed granulomatous foreign-body reactions or other complications have been observed. Sea-urchins are relatively sedentary creatures often attached to rocks or corals. The porous spines penetrate the skin when stepped on. Mechanical extraction is almost ineffective because the spines fragment easily; surgical excision has been recommended, even though this is difficult with widespread injuries. Leaving spines in place leads to acute pain, local inflammation or infections and a risk of delayed granulomatous foreign-body reactions. There are reports of granulomatous inflammation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues, with severe involvement of bone and cartilaginous surfaces followed by chronic pain and even loss of function.}, number={1}, journal={BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY}, author={Olivry, T and Jackson, HA}, year={2001}, month={Jul}, pages={176–178} }
 @article{olivry_jackson_2001, title={Diagnosing new autoimmune blistering skin diseases of dogs and cats}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1096-2867"]}, DOI={10.1053/svms.2001.26999}, abstractNote={Autoimmune blistering skin diseases have been recognized for decades in humans and dogs. In the dog, most of these diseases unfortunately were grouped under the generic denomination of bullous pemphigoid without any confirmation that the autoantibodies targeted bullous pemphigoid antigens. In recent years, advanced diagnostic methods have permitted the recognition of new autoimmune blistering skin diseases in humans and companion-animal species. At this time, the diagnosis of these entities is made by combining clinical signs and results of histopathology. Immunologic methods serve to establish the presence of skin-fixed and circulating autoantibodies that target various epidermal or basement membrane antigens. In this article, salient features of the most common canine and feline subepidermal blistering dermatoses (mucous membrane pemphigold, bullous pemphigold, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita) and new variants of cutaneous lupus (type I bullous systemic lupus erythematosus and vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus) are presented.}, number={4}, journal={CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Olivry, T and Jackson, HA}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={225–229} }
 @article{jackson_2001, title={Diagnostic techniques in dermatology: The investigation and diagnosis of adverse food reactions in dogs and cats}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1096-2867"]}, DOI={10.1053/svms.2001.27599}, abstractNote={Most veterinary clinicians recognize a population of patients in which dermatologic and/or gastrointestinal signs are related to the feeding of particular dietary components. This article briefly reviews the clinical signs associated with adverse food reactions in dogs and cats, and discusses the practical issues associated with confirming a diagnosis.}, number={4}, journal={CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Jackson, HA}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={233–235} }
 @article{monteiro-riviere_inman_jackson_dunn_dimond_2001, title={Efficacy of topical phenol decontamination strategies on severity of acute phenol chemical burns and dermal absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies in pig skin}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0748-2337"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000179568300001&KeyUID=WOS:000179568300001}, DOI={10.1191/0748233701th095oa}, abstractNote={ Pure phenol is colorless and used in the manufacture of phenolic resins, plastics, explosives, fertilizers, paints, rubber, textiles, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, paper, soap, and wood preservatives. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of several phenol decontamination strategies following dermal exposure using the pig as a model for human exposure, and then assess the effect of the two best treatments on phenol absorption in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). Six anesthetized Yorkshire pigs were exposed to 89% aqueous phenol for 1 min using Hilltop chambers (10 skin sites/pig; 400 μl/site). Exposure to phenol was followed by one of 10 different decontamination procedures: 1-, 5-, 15-, and 30-min water wash; Ivory1 soap solution; polyethylene glycol (PEG 400); PEG 400/industrial methylated spirits (IMS); PEG 400/ethanol (EtOH); polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/70% isopropanol (IPA); and 70% IPA. For each of the last five strategies, 1-min treatment washes were repeatedly alternated with 1-min water washes for a total of 15 min. Evaluation was based on scoring of erythema, edema, and histological parameters such as intracellular and intercellular epidermal edema, papillary dermal edema, perivascular infiltrates, pyknotic stratum basale cells, and epidermal-dermal separation. It was concluded that PEG 400 and 70% IPA were superior to the other treatments investigated and equally efficacious in the reduction of phenol-induced skin damage. In addition, phenol absorption was assessed utilizing the two most effective in vivo treatments in the IPPSF. The assessment of percutaneous absorption of phenol found the PEG 400, 70% IPA, and 15-min water treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced phenol absorption relative to no treatment. }, number={4}, journal={TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH}, author={Monteiro-Riviere, NA and Inman, AO and Jackson, H and Dunn, B and Dimond, S}, year={2001}, month={May}, pages={95–104} }
 @article{jackson_olivry_2001, title={Ulcerative dermatosis of the Shetland sheepdog and rough collie dog may represent a novel vesicular variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus}, volume={12}, ISSN={["0959-4493"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035261489&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-3164.2001.00212.x}, abstractNote={A syndrome of ulcerative dermatitis (UDSSC) previously has been described as unique to the Shetland sheepdog and rough collie dog. The pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood and it has been suggested that it may be a variant of canine dermatomyositis (DM) which is also seen in these breeds. Information on the clinical presentation and previous medical history was collected from five Shetland sheepdogs and three rough collie dogs previously diagnosed with UDSSC. Characteristic features of the disease were adult onset in the summer months with annular, polycyclic and serpiginous ulcerations distributed over sparsely haired areas of the body. Skin biopsies taken from active lesions were compared in a blinded fashion with histological sections from seven Shetland sheepdogs and one rough collie with DM. Dermatomyositis was characterized histologically as a cell poor interface dermatitis associated with follicular atrophy. In contrast, the lesional pattern of UDSSC is that of a lymphocyte‐rich interface dermatitis and folliculitis with vesiculation at the dermal–epidermal junction. The authors conclude that these represent two distinct diseases and that UDSSC may be a vesicular form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus seen in the adult rough collie dog and Shetland sheepdog.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY}, author={Jackson, HA and Olivry, T}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={19–27} }
 @article{jackson_1999, title={Common cutaneous diseases of the canine foot}, volume={21}, number={2}, journal={In Practice (London, England)}, author={Jackson, H.}, year={1999}, pages={54–61} }
 @article{tomlin_pead_lloyd_howell_hartmann_jackson_muir_1999, title={Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in 11 dogs}, volume={144}, ISSN={["2042-7670"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.144.3.60}, abstractNote={Methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfection was identified in 11 dogs. The infection was associated with surgical treatment, especially orthopaedic surgery. Infection after traumatic wounding, and recurrent pyoderma was also seen. Oral antibiotic treatment improved or resolved the infection in nine of the 11 dogs, although the methicillin‐resistant isolates were susceptible to relatively few antibiotics.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Tomlin, J and Pead, MJ and Lloyd, DH and Howell, S and Hartmann, F and Jackson, HA and Muir, P}, year={1999}, month={Jan}, pages={60–64} }
 @article{jackson_barber_1998, title={Resolution of metastatic calcification in the paws of a cat with successful dietary management of renal hyperparathyroidism}, volume={39}, ISSN={["0022-4510"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03687.x}, abstractNote={A 10‐year‐old ovariohysterectomised domestic shorthaired cat was presented with multiple nodular calcifications of the footpads and interdigital spaces. Renal insufficiency was diagnosed by routine biochemistry and urinalysis. Additionally, the cat had a calcium and phosphorus solubility product greater than 70 mg/dl and elevated circulating parathyroid hormone. Dietary management of the renal disease resulted in a reduction in the mineral solubility product and normalisation of the concentration of parathyroid hormone accompanied by concurrent resolution of the pedal lesions.}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE}, author={Jackson, HA and Barber, PJ}, year={1998}, month={Oct}, pages={495–497} }