@article{liao_fang_l.w. nuttle_2004, title={A neural network model with bounded-weights for pattern classification}, volume={31}, ISSN={0305-0548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(03)00097-2}, DOI={10.1016/S0305-0548(03)00097-2}, abstractNote={A new neural network model is proposed based on the concepts of multi-layer perceptrons, radial basis functions, and support vector machines (SVM). This neural network model is trained using the least squared error as the optimization criterion, with the magnitudes of the weights on the links being limited to a certain range. Like the SVM model, the weight specification problem is formulated as a convex quadratic programming problem. However, unlike the SVM model, it does not require that kernel functions satisfy Mercer's condition, and it can be readily extended to multi-class classification. Some experimental results are reported. Scopeandpurpose For the past decade, there has been increasing interest in solving nonlinear pattern classification problems. Among the various approaches, Multi-layer perceptrons, radial basis function networks and support vector machines have received most attention due to their tremendous success in real-world applications. Compared with the other two, The support vector machines approach is relatively new and often performs better in many applications. However, it also has some limitations, for example, kernel functions are required to satisfy Mercer's condition and it is not easily applicable for multi-class classification. In this paper, we propose a new neural network model which overcomes these limitations.}, number={9}, journal={Computers & Operations Research}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Liao, Yi and Fang, Shu-Cherng and L.W. Nuttle, Henry}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={1411–1426} }
 @article{zych_yang_liao_griffin_wang_2004, title={The effect of substitution patterns on the release rates of opioid peptides DADLE and [Leu(5)]-enkephalin from coumarin prodrug moieties}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1090-2120"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.bioorg.2003.12.002}, abstractNote={A coumarin-based prodrug system has been developed in our laboratory for the preparation of esterase-sensitive prodrugs of amines, peptides, and peptidomimetics. The drug release rates from this prodrug system were found to be dependent on the structural features of the drug moiety. The effect of the phenyl ring substitutions on the release kinetics of such prodrugs of model amines was examined recently and it was found that appropriately positioned alkyl substituents on the phenyl ring could help to facilitate the release. Aimed at further understanding the structure-release rate relationship of the coumarin-based cyclic prodrugs, we synthesized and examined a series of substituted coumarinic acid derivatives of opioid peptides, DADLE, and [Leu(5)]-enkephalin.}, number={2}, journal={BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Zych, LA and Yang, WQ and Liao, Y and Griffin, KR and Wang, BH}, year={2004}, month={Apr}, pages={109–123} }
 @article{liao_fang_nuttle_2003, title={Relaxed conditions for radial-basis function networks to be universal approximators}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0893-6080"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0893-6080(02)00227-7}, abstractNote={In this paper, we investigate the universal approximation property of Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. We show that RBFs are not required to be integrable for the REF networks to be universal approximators. Instead, RBF networks can uniformly approximate any continuous function on a compact set provided that the radial basis activation function is continuous almost everywhere, locally essentially bounded, and not a polynomial. The approximation in L(p)(micro)(1 < or = p < infinity) space is also discussed. Some experimental results are reported to illustrate our findings.}, number={7}, journal={NEURAL NETWORKS}, author={Liao, Y and Fang, SC and Nuttle, HLW}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={1019–1028} }
 @article{liao_hendrata_bae_wang_2000, title={The effect of phenyl substituents on the release rates of esterase-sensitive coumarin-based prodrugs}, volume={48}, number={8}, journal={Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin}, author={Liao, Y. and Hendrata, S. and Bae, S. Y. and Wang, B. H.}, year={2000}, pages={1138–1147} }
 @article{liao_wang_wang_1999, title={Building fluorescent sensors by template polymerization: The preparation of a fluorescent sensor for L-tryptophan}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0045-2068"]}, DOI={10.1006/bioo.1999.1151}, abstractNote={Abstract The development of fluorescent sensors for organic molecules is of great practical importance in chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical sciences. Using l -tryptophan as an example, we have studied a new way of making polymeric fluorescent sensors using template polymerization or molecular imprinting techniques. The fluorescent polymers were prepared using functional monomers with a fluorescent probe attached to it. The fluorescence of this polymer could be quenched by 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Addition of the template molecules, l -tryptophan, increased the fluorescence intensity of the imprinted polymer/quencher mixture in a concentration-dependent fashion, presumably through the displacement of the quencher from the binding sites by l -tryptophan. This fluorescence intensity change upon mixing with l -tryptophan allows the binding event to be detected easily. The sensor also exhibited enantioselectivity for the template molecules. For example, the effect of d -tryptophan on the fluorescence intensity of the polymer is about 70% that of its l -enantiomer. Furthermore, the effect of l -phenylalanine and l -alanine on the fluorescence intensity change is much smaller than that of l -tryptophan. Because the approach used does not require the de novo design of the complementary binding site and does not rely on any specific structural features of the template molecule or prior knowledge of its three-dimensional structure, the same principle could potentially be useful for the future construction of practical fluorescent sensors for many other compounds.}, number={6}, journal={BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Liao, Y and Wang, W and Wang, BH}, year={1999}, month={Dec}, pages={463–476} }
 @article{liao_wang_1999, title={Substituted coumarins as esterase-sensitive prodrug moieties with improved release rates}, volume={9}, number={13}, journal={Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters}, author={Liao, Y. and Wang, B. H.}, year={1999}, pages={1795–1800} }
 @article{liao_wang_wang_1998, title={Enantioselective polymeric transporters for tryptophan, phenylalanine, and histidine prepared using molecular imprinting techniques}, volume={26}, ISSN={["0045-2068"]}, DOI={10.1006/bioo.1998.1116}, abstractNote={Abstract Developing new methods for the separation of enantiomers is of great current interest because of the importance, challenge, and high cost associated with such separations. This is particularly true in the pharmaceutical industry because of the requirement for the high purity, including enantiopurity, of the final drug products. In this study, polymeric molecular transporters were prepared using molecular imprinting techniques with D -tryptophan, D -phenylalanine, and D -histidine as the templates, respectively. It was found that the transporters thus prepared were able to transport the template amino acids across a hydrophobic chloroform layer in a U-tube at rates that were 1.34- to 3.8-fold higher than the transport of their L -enantiomers. The magnitude of discrimination depends on the conditions of polymerization and the templates used. Molecular “receptors” prepared using molecular imprinting techniques could potentially be used for the separation of enantiomers through serial enantioselective transports.}, number={6}, journal={BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY}, author={Liao, Y and Wang, W and Wang, BH}, year={1998}, month={Dec}, pages={309–322} }