Pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of butorphanol administered by single intravenous injection or continuous intravenous infusion in horses
Sellon, D. C., Monroe, V. L., Roberts, M. C., & Papich, M. G. (2001, February 1). American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol. 62, pp. 183–189.
MeSH headings : Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects; Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacokinetics; Animals; Behavior, Animal / drug effects; Butorphanol / administration & dosage; Butorphanol / adverse effects; Butorphanol / pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit / drug effects; Half-Life; Horses / metabolism; Infusions, Intravenous / veterinary; Injections, Intravenous / veterinary; Male
topics (OpenAlex): Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia; Veterinary Equine Medical Research; Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
TL;DR:
Continuous infusion of butorphanol may be a useful treatment to induce analgesia in horses after a single IV injection was associated with adverse behavioral and gastrointestinal tract effects.
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