@article{ali_shafiee_berglund_2017, title={Agent-based modeling to simulate the dynamics of urban water supply: Climate, population growth, and water shortages}, volume={28}, DOI={10.1016/j.scs.2016.10.001}, abstractNote={The sustainability of water resources depends on the dynamic interactions among the environmental, technological, and social characteristics of the water system and local population. These interactions can cause supply-demand imbalances at diverse temporal scales, and the response of consumers to water use regulations impacts future water availability. This research develops a dynamic modeling approach to simulate supply-demand dynamics using an agent-based modeling framework that couple models of consumers and utility managers with water system models. Households are represented as agents, and their water use behaviors are represented as rules. A water utility manager agent enacts water use restrictions, based on fluctuations in the reservoir water storage. Water balance in a reservoir is simulated, and multiple climate scenarios are used to test the sensitivity of water availability to changes in streamflow, precipitation, and temperature. The framework is applied to the water supply system in Raleigh, North Carolina to assess sustainability of drought management plans. Model accuracy is assessed using statistical metrics, and sustainability is calculated for a projected period as the satisfaction or deficit of meeting municipal demands. Multiple climate change scenarios are created by perturbing average monthly values of historical inflow, precipitation, and evapotranspiration data. Results demonstrate the use of the agent-based modeling approach to project the effectiveness of management policies and recommend drought policies for improving the sustainability of urban water resources.}, journal={Sustainable Cities and Society}, author={Ali, A. M. and Shafiee, M. E. and Berglund, E. Z.}, year={2017}, pages={420–434} }
 @article{shafiee_berglund_2017, title={Agent-based modelling approach to evaluate the effect of collaboration among scientists in scientific workflows}, volume={13}, ISSN={1747-7778 1747-7786}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2017.1387333}, DOI={10.1080/17477778.2017.1387333}, abstractNote={Abstract Automation in science is increasingly marked by the use of workflow systems (eg, Matlab) to facilitate the scientific discovery. The sharing of workflows through publication mechanisms supports the reproducibility and extensibility of computational experiments. However, the subsequent scientific discovery from a workflow relates to the level of collaboration among scientists. An agent-based model (ABM) is developed by coupling a scientific workflow with a model of scientist agents. The scientist agents are able to collaborate using a simplified small-world network. After a query is submitted to scientist agents, each scientist agent is able to extract data from data-sets, which are widely available online, using automated workflows to prepare a scientific report for a query. After data are collected from a workflow, data can be shared among scientists using one of the four collaboration scenarios, which simulate alternative level of data availability. Each scientist uses the data, which is collected from the database or through a shared environment, to deduce a scientific discovery. The ABM is demonstrated and evaluated for application within ecological science. Scientist agents collaborate and use the workflow tool, Kepler, to develop a linear regression model that captures the relationship between zooplankton populations and codfish population in the Norwegian Sea.}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Simulation}, publisher={Informa UK Limited}, author={Shafiee, M. Ehsan and Berglund, Emily Zechman}, year={2017}, month={Oct}, pages={1–13} }
 @article{salomons_skulovich_ostfeld_2017, title={Battle of Water Networks DMAs: Multistage Design Approach}, volume={143}, ISSN={["1943-5452"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000830}, abstractNote={AbstractLooped water distribution system (WDS) repartitioning to district metering areas (DMAs) gained popularity as an effective technique to manage the system and detect and reduce system leakage...}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Salomons, Elad and Skulovich, Olya and Ostfeld, Avi}, year={2017}, month={Oct} }
 @article{shafiee_berglund_2016, title={Agent-based modeling and evolutionary computation for disseminating public advisories about hazardous material emergencies}, volume={57}, ISSN={["1873-7587"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.01.001}, abstractNote={In the event of a large-scale disaster, an important aspect of humanitarian logistics is the distribution of information or warnings to the affected population. This research develops the problem formulation and solution approach for a specific routing for relief problem, in which warnings should be disseminated to an affected community, using public announcement systems mounted on emergency vehicles. The problem statement is formulated to maximize the number of individuals of a community who are protected. An evolutionary algorithm framework is developed by coupling an agent-based model with a variable-length genetic algorithm to route emergency vehicles. The dynamics of interactions among consumers, emergency vehicles, and the spatiotemporal trajectory of the hazard are simulated using an agent-based modeling approach, and a variable-length genetic algorithm approach selects routes to warn a maximum number of consumers before they are affected by the emergency. The example that is explored in this research is contamination of a water distribution network. A fleet of emergency vehicles is equipped with public address systems and is deployed to warn consumers to stop using contaminated water. The framework is demonstrated for an illustrative virtual city, Mesopolis. The results of the evolutionary algorithm framework are compared with two conventional routing optimization approaches, including a covering tour problem approach and a manual routing approach, for four contamination scenarios. The evolutionary algorithm can be applied to route emergency service vehicles to broadcast information for other emergencies, such as flash flooding, hazardous materials incidents, and severe weather.}, journal={COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS}, author={Shafiee, M. Ehsan and Berglund, Emily Zechman}, year={2016}, month={May}, pages={12–25} }
 @article{shafiee_berglund_2015, title={Real-Time Guidance for Hydrant Flushing Using Sensor-Hydrant Decision Trees}, volume={141}, ISSN={["1943-5452"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000475}, abstractNote={AbstractA utility may detect contaminant in a water distribution network through water quality sensor information, which indicates that a biological pathogen or chemical contaminant is present in the network. A utility manager should identify actions that can be taken to protect public health, and flushing a contaminant by opening a set of hydrants can be an effective response action. Hydrants should be selected and timed to flush the contaminant; however, accurately ascertaining the characteristics of the contaminant source may be impossible, which creates difficulties in developing a hydrant flushing strategy. This research develops a decision-making approach that is designed to select hydrant flushing strategies in response to sensor activations and does not require information about the characteristics of the contaminant source. A sensor-hydrant decision tree is introduced to provide a library of rules for opening and closing hydrants based on the order of activated sensors. Sensor-hydrant decision tr...}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Shafiee, M. Ehsan and Berglund, Emily Zechman}, year={2015}, month={Jun} }
 @article{rasekh_shafiee_zechman_brumbelow_2014, title={Sociotechnical risk assessment for water distribution system contamination threats}, volume={16}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Hydroinformatics}, author={Rasekh, A. and Shafiee, M. E. and Zechman, E. and Brumbelow, K.}, year={2014}, pages={531–549} }
 @article{shafiee_zechman_2013, title={An agent-based modeling framework for sociotechnical simulation of water distribution contamination events}, volume={15}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Hydroinformatics}, author={Shafiee, M. E. and Zechman, E. M.}, year={2013}, pages={862–880} }