@article{draughn_allen_routh_stone_kirker_boegli_schuchman_linder_baynes_james_et al._2017, title={Evaluation of a 2-aminoimidazole variant as adjuvant treatment for dermal bacterial infections}, volume={11}, journal={Drug Design Development and Therapy}, author={Draughn, G. L. and Allen, C. L. and Routh, P. A. and Stone, M. R. and Kirker, K. R. and Boegli, A. and Schuchman, R. M. and Linder, K. E. and Baynes, R. E. and James, G. and et al.}, year={2017}, pages={153–162} }
 @article{nixon_brooks_routh_chittenden_baynes_2017, title={Pharmacokinetics of C-14-ortho-phenylphenol following intravenous administration in pigs}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1099-1263"]}, url={https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3380}, DOI={10.1002/jat.3380}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY}, author={Nixon, Emma and Brooks, James D. and Routh, Patricia A. and Chittenden, Jason T. and Baynes, Ronald E.}, year={2017}, month={Apr}, pages={508–512} }
 @article{fusco_choudhary_routh_ventevogel_smith_koch_almond_orndorff_sempowski_leduc_2014, title={The Haemophilus ducreyi trimeric autotransporter adhesin DsrA protects against an experimental infection in the swine model of chancroid}, volume={32}, ISSN={["1873-2518"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.031}, abstractNote={Adherence of pathogens to cellular targets is required to initiate most infections. Defining strategies that interfere with adhesion is therefore important for the development of preventative measures against infectious diseases. As an adhesin to host extracellular matrix proteins and human keratinocytes, the trimeric autotransporter adhesin DsrA, a proven virulence factor of the Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi, is a potential target for vaccine development. A recombinant form of the N-terminal passenger domain of DsrA from H. ducreyi class I strain 35000HP, termed rNT-DsrAI, was tested as a vaccine immunogen in the experimental swine model of H. ducreyi infection. Viable homologous H. ducreyi was not recovered from any animal receiving four doses of rNT-DsrAI administered with Freund's adjuvant at two-week intervals. Control pigs receiving adjuvant only were all infected. All animals receiving the rNT-DsrAI vaccine developed antibody endpoint titers between 3.5 and 5 logs. All rNT-DsrAI antisera bound the surface of the two H. ducreyi strains used to challenge immunized pigs. Purified anti-rNT-DsrAI IgG partially blocked binding of fibrinogen at the surface of viable H. ducreyi. Overall, immunization with the passenger domain of the trimeric autotransporter adhesin DsrA accelerated clearance of H. ducreyi in experimental lesions, possibly by interfering with fibrinogen binding.}, number={30}, journal={VACCINE}, author={Fusco, William G. and Choudhary, Neelima R. and Routh, Patty A. and Ventevogel, Melissa S. and Smith, Valerie A. and Koch, Gary G. and Almond, Glen W. and Orndorff, Paul E. and Sempowski, Gregory D. and Leduc, Isabelle}, year={2014}, month={Jun}, pages={3752–3758} }
 @article{howard_baynes_brooks_yeatts_bellis_ashwell_routh_o'nan_maltecca_2014, title={The effect of breed and sex on sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine pharmacokinetic parameters in swine}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1365-2885"]}, url={http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84911423325&partnerID=MN8TOARS}, DOI={10.1111/jvp.12128}, abstractNote={Drug use in livestock has received increased attention due to welfare concerns and food safety. Characterizing heterogeneity in the way swine populations respond to drugs could allow for group‐specific dose or drug recommendations. Our objective was to determine whether drug clearance differs across genetic backgrounds and sex for sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, fenbendazole and flunixin meglumine. Two sires from each of four breeds were mated to a common sow population. The nursery pigs generated (n = 114) were utilized in a random crossover design. Drugs were administered intravenously and blood collected a minimum of 10 times over 48 h. A non‐compartmental analysis of drug and metabolite plasma concentration vs. time profiles was performed. Within‐drug and metabolite analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters included fixed effects of drug administration date, sex and breed of sire. Breed differences existed for flunixin meglumine (P‐value<0.05; Cl, Vdss) and oxfendazole (P‐value<0.05, AUC0→∞). Sex differences existed for oxfendazole (P‐value < 0.05; Tmax) and sulfamethazine (P‐value < 0.05, Cl). Differences in drug clearance were seen, and future work will determine the degree of additive genetic variation utilizing a larger population.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS}, author={Howard, J. T. and Baynes, R. E. and Brooks, J. D. and Yeatts, J. L. and Bellis, B. and Ashwell, M. S. and Routh, P. and O'Nan, A. T. and Maltecca, C.}, year={2014}, month={Dec}, pages={531–541} }
 @article{leduc_fusco_choudhary_routh_cholon_hobbs_almond_orndorff_elkins_2011, title={Passive Immunization with a Polyclonal Antiserum to the Hemoglobin Receptor of Haemophilus ducreyi Confers Protection against a Homologous Challenge in the Experimental Swine Model of Chancroid}, volume={79}, ISSN={["1098-5522"]}, DOI={10.1128/iai.00017-11}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={8}, journal={INFECTION AND IMMUNITY}, author={Leduc, Isabelle and Fusco, William G. and Choudhary, Neelima and Routh, Patty A. and Cholon, Deborah M. and Hobbs, Marcia M. and Almond, Glen W. and Orndorff, Paul E. and Elkins, Christopher}, year={2011}, month={Aug}, pages={3168–3177} }
 @article{fusco_afonina_nepluev_cholon_choudhary_routh_almond_orndorff_staats_hobbs_et al._2010, title={Immunization with the Haemophilus ducreyi Hemoglobin Receptor HgbA with Adjuvant Monophosphoryl Lipid A Protects Swine from a Homologous but Not a Heterologous Challenge}, volume={78}, ISSN={["1098-5522"]}, DOI={10.1128/iai.00217-10}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={9}, journal={INFECTION AND IMMUNITY}, author={Fusco, William G. and Afonina, Galyna and Nepluev, Igor and Cholon, Deborah M. and Choudhary, Neelima and Routh, Patricia A. and Almond, Glenn W. and Orndorff, Paul E. and Staats, Herman and Hobbs, Marcia M. and et al.}, year={2010}, month={Sep}, pages={3763–3772} }
 @article{afonina_leduc_nepluev_jeter_routh_almond_orndorff_hobbs_elkins_2006, title={Immunization with the Haemophilus ducreyi hemoglobin receptor HgbA protects against infection in the swine model of chancroid}, volume={74}, ISSN={["1098-5522"]}, DOI={10.1128/IAI.74.4.2224-2232.2006}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT}, number={4}, journal={INFECTION AND IMMUNITY}, author={Afonina, G and Leduc, I and Nepluev, I and Jeter, C and Routh, P and Almond, G and Orndorff, PE and Hobbs, M and Elkins, C}, year={2006}, month={Apr}, pages={2224–2232} }
 @article{boonyaprakob_gadsby_hedgpeth_routh_almond_2005, title={Expression and localization of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha mRNA in the porcine ovary}, volume={69}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research}, author={Boonyaprakob, U. and Gadsby, J. E. and Hedgpeth, V. and Routh, P. A. and Almond, G. W.}, year={2005}, pages={215–222} }
 @article{roberts_heugten_spears_routh_lloyd_almond_2004, title={Effects of dietary zinc on performance and immune response of growing pigs inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1976-5517"]}, DOI={10.5713/ajas.2004.1438}, abstractNote={The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Zn level on performance, serum Zn concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and immune response of pigs inoculated with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A 2×4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized design. Factors included; 1) PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae inoculation (n=36 pigs) or sham inoculation (n=36 pigs) with media when pigs entered the grower facility (d 0) at 9 weeks of age and 2) 10, 50, 150 ppm supplemental Zn sulfate (ZnSO4) from weaning until the completion of the study, or 2,000 ppm supplemental ZnSO4 for two weeks in the nursery and then supplementation with 150 ppm ZnSO4 for the remainder of the trial. The basal diet contained 34 ppm Zn. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 10, 17, 24 and 31 and blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Pigs inoculated with PRRSv were serologically positive at d 28 and control pigs remained negative to PRRSv. In contrast, the M hyopneumoniae inoculation was inconsistent with 33.3% and 52.8% of pigs serologically positive at d 28 in the control and infected groups, respectively. A febrile response was observed for approximately one week after inoculation with PRRSv. Feed intake (p<0.01) and gain (p<0.1) were less in PRRSv infected pigs than control pigs for the 31 d study. However, performance did not differ among pigs in the four levels of ZnSO4. Assessments of immune responses failed to provide unequivocal influence of either PRRSv inoculation or ZnSO4 level. These data suggest that PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae act to produce some performance deficits and the influence of Zn supplementation of nursery age pigs does not have clear effect in grower pigs affected with disease. (Asian- Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 10 : 1438-1446)}, number={10}, journal={ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES}, author={Roberts, ES and Heugten, E and Spears, JW and Routh, PA and Lloyd, KL and Almond, GW}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={1438–1446} }
 @article{boonyaprakob_gadsby_hedgpeth_routh_almond_2003, title={Cloning of pig prostaglandin F-2 alpha(FP) receptor cDNA and expression of its mRNA in the corpora lutea}, volume={125}, DOI={10.1530/rep.0.1250053}, abstractNote={Changes in the expression and localization of luteal mRNA for PGF(2alpha) (FP) receptors may be critical in determining the luteolytic action of PGF(2alpha) in pig corpora lutea. In this study, a full-length FP receptor (FPr) cDNA was isolated and cloned from pig corpora lutea. This isolate (GenBank accession no. U91520) contains an open reading frame of 1086 bases coding for a protein of 362 amino acids with seven potential transmembrane domains. The predicted amino acid sequence of this isolate was 83% identical to the FPr amino acid sequence of other species including sheep, cattle and humans. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of an FPr message of about 5 kb in mRNA from pig corpora lutea. Relatively weak FPr mRNA expression was detected on day 4 and day 7 of the oestrous cycle. The expression was greater (P < 0.05) on days 10, 13 and 15 than on days 4 and 7. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that mRNA for FPr was expressed predominantly in the steroidogenic large luteal subtype of cell, although there was some expression in small luteal cells, with histological appearance of steroidogenic small cells. Localization of hybridization signals of FPr was observed in luteal tissue at all stages examined. These data demonstrate that FPr is expressed in pig corpora lutea throughout the oestrous cycle and that upregulation of the FPr mRNA occurs when the corpora lutea becomes sensitive to PGF(2alpha). Direct luteal targets of PGF(2alpha) appear to be primarily large steroidogenic cells in this species.}, number={1}, journal={Reproduction (Cambridge, England)}, author={Boonyaprakob, U. and Gadsby, J. E. and Hedgpeth, V. and Routh, P. and Almond, Glen}, year={2003}, pages={53–64} }
 @article{boonyaprakob_gadsby_hedgpeth_routh_almond_2003, title={Expression and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in pig corpora lutea during the oestrous cycle}, volume={126}, DOI={10.1530/rep.0.1260393}, abstractNote={Expression and localization of mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 1 (Flt) and VEGF receptor 2 (KDR) (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, respectively) were investigated in pig corpora lutea. Northern blot analysis of total RNA indicated hybridization of pig VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 cDNA probes to mRNA transcripts of approximately 3.9, 7.0 and 5.0 kb, respectively. The expression of mRNAs for VEGF and its receptors during the luteal phase (days 4, 7, 10, 13 and 15 after the onset of oestrus) were assessed by northern blot analysis, and hybridization signals were normalized to expression of pig 18S rRNA. Relative hybridization signals of expression of VEGF mRNA appeared to be constant; however, expression of VEGFR-1 mRNA was low on day 4, increased on day 7, and was higher on days 10, 13 and 15 (P<0.05, compared with day 4). In contrast, no changes in expression of mRNA for VEGFR-2 were evident on days 4-13, but a decrease was detected (P<0.05) at day 15. In situ hybridization revealed that VEGF mRNA was localized predominantly in large luteal cells, whereas both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were localized to small cells. These data indicate that the VEGF system may be involved in the regulation of luteal vasculature throughout the lifespan of the corpus luteum. Although the expression of VEGF mRNA was unchanged during the luteal phase, variations in the expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNAs indicate that differential regulation of expression of the VEGF receptors may play a role in the control of VEGF-mediated vascular growth at different phases of development and maturation of the pig corpus luteum.}, number={3}, journal={Reproduction (Cambridge, England)}, author={Boonyaprakob, U. and Gadsby, J. E. and Hedgpeth, V. and Routh, P. and Almond, Glen}, year={2003}, pages={393–405} }
 @article{metcalf_almond_routh_horton_dillman_orndorff_2000, title={Experimental Salmonella typhi infection in the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica}, volume={29}, ISSN={["0882-4010"]}, DOI={10.1006/mpat.2000.0367}, abstractNote={The domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica, was examined as a model for typhoid fever, a severe and systemic disease of humans caused by Salmonella typhi. Six pigs were inoculated 1 week post-weaning with approximately 10(10)colony forming units (cfu) of wild type Salmonella typhi strain ISP1820 intranasally and observed for 3 weeks. S. typhi was cultured from the tonsils of 50% of the pigs at necropsy. Cultures from all other organs analysed (ileum, colon, spleen and liver) were negative. No clinical or histopathological signs of disease were observed. Pigs inoculated in parallel with swine-virulent S. choleraesuis all exhibited signs of systemic salmonellosis indicating that the parameters of the experimental infection with S. typhi (e.g. route) were appropriate. Whereas the pig has a gastrointestinal tract that is very similar to humans, our results indicated that the unique features of host and microbe interaction needed to produce typhoid fever were not mimicked in swine. Nevertheless, our observation of tonsillar involvement was consistent with former observations of S. choleraesuis and S. typhimurium infections in swine and supports a role for the tonsil in all porcine salmonella infections.}, number={2}, journal={MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS}, author={Metcalf, ES and Almond, GW and Routh, PA and Horton, JR and Dillman, RC and Orndorff, PE}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={121–126} }
 @article{hevener_routh_almond_1999, title={Effects of immune challenge on concentrations of serum insulin- like growth factor-I and growth performance in pigs}, volume={40}, number={11}, journal={Canadian Veterinary Journal}, author={Hevener, W. and Routh, P. A. and Almond, G. W.}, year={1999}, pages={782–786} }