@article{tungate_burton_susko_sermons_rufty_2006, title={Altered weed reproduction and maternal effects under low-nitrogen fertility}, volume={54}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, DOI={10.1614/WS-05-145R.1}, abstractNote={The low-nitrogen status of highly weathered soils may offer a potential alternative for weed suppression in agricultural systems with N2-fixing crops. In this study, we used sicklepod as a model to evaluate weed response that might occur with managed reductions in nitrogen-soil fertility. A field study was conducted with the parental generation supplied 0, 112, 224, or 448 kg N ha−1. Decreased nitrogen fertility led to reduced shoot biomass, seed number, and total seed mass. Individual seed mass was lower, but seed % nitrogen was not affected. Analysis of seed-mass distribution confirmed that low parental fertility was associated with more small seeds as a proportion of total seeds produced. Additional experiments in hydroponics culture revealed slower growth rates of seedlings produced from small seeds when grown under low-nitrogen conditions. Competitiveness of plants from small (low nitrogen) and large (high nitrogen) seed classes was determined in a replacement-series experiment conducted in sand culture in a controlled environment at two densities and two levels of nitrogen nutrition. Plants produced from smaller seeds were less competitive in low-nitrogen fertility conditions, but plants from small and large seeds competed similarly when grown under high-nitrogen fertility. The results support the hypothesis that comprehensive management strategies to reduce nitrogen availability for weed growth in low-fertility conditions could decrease weed interference by decreasing growth and seed production of parental plants and through maternal effects that lower competitiveness of offspring.}, number={5}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Tungate, Kimberly D. and Burton, Michael G. and Susko, David J. and Sermons, Shannon M. and Rufty, Thomas W.}, year={2006}, pages={847–853} }
 @article{mueller_barbercheck_bell_brownie_creamer_hitt_hu_king_linker_louws_et al._2002, title={Development and implementation of a long-term agricultural systems study: Challenges and opportunities}, volume={12}, number={3}, journal={HortTechnology}, author={Mueller, J. P. and Barbercheck, M. E. and Bell, M. and Brownie, C. and Creamer, N. G. and Hitt, A. and Hu, S. and King, L. and Linker, H. M. and Louws, F. J. and et al.}, year={2002}, pages={362–368} }
 @article{tungate_susko_rufty_2002, title={Reproduction and offspring competitiveness of Senna obtusifolia are influenced by nutrient availability}, volume={154}, ISSN={["0028-646X"]}, DOI={10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00407.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={3}, journal={NEW PHYTOLOGIST}, author={Tungate, KD and Susko, DJ and Rufty, TW}, year={2002}, month={Jun}, pages={661–669} }
 @article{susko_mueller_spears_2001, title={An evaluation of methods for breaking seed dormancy in kudzu (Pueraria lobata)}, volume={79}, ISSN={["0008-4026"]}, DOI={10.1139/b00-153}, abstractNote={ We evaluated several methods for breaking dormancy in seeds of the invasive weed Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (kudzu). Seedlings from untreated seeds emerged from late March to early October 1999 in trays placed outdoors under natural weather conditions; mean cumulative percentage emergence was low (11%). In growth chamber experiments, germination percentages of untreated seeds ranged from 6 to 17%. All hand-scarified seeds germinated, whereas only 6% of intact seeds germinated. Other dormancy-breaking methods that produced higher germination percentages included exposure to ethyl alcohol for 6-12 h (24-86%), exposure to concentrated sulfuric acid for 1-2 h (65-81%), and exposure to moist heat for 5-300 s (30-80%). The influence of temperature on germination percentages of seeds following dry heat treatments depended on the duration of exposure. At 60 and 80°C, germination percentages increased with longer exposures to dry heat and were greatest after 720 min (27 and 60%, respectively). At 100°C, percent germination was greatest when seeds were exposed to dry heat for only 10 min (93%). Cold stratification at 5°C for 0-6 weeks did not increase seed germination percentages after exposure to a range of alternating thermoperiods. Similarly, dry storage at room temperature for 0, 200, or 400 days did not affect germination percentages in light or dark treatments.Key words: Pueraria lobata, physical dormancy, germination, phenology, acid scarification, warm stratification, cold stratification. }, number={2}, journal={CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE}, author={Susko, DJ and Mueller, JP and Spears, JF}, year={2001}, month={Feb}, pages={197–203} }
 @article{susko_mueller_1999, title={Influence of environmental factors on germination and emergence of pueraria lobata}, volume={47}, number={5}, journal={Weed Science}, author={Susko, D. J. and Mueller, J. P.}, year={1999}, pages={585–588} }