@article{indeje_semazzi_xie_ogallo_2001, title={Mechanistic model simulations of the East African climate using NCAR regional climate model: Influence of large-scale orography on the Turkana low-level jet}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1520-0442"]}, DOI={10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2710:MMSOTE>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract The National Center for Atmospheric Research regional climate model (RegCM) is employed to study the dynamics of the Turkana low-level jet that lies between the Ethiopian and the East African highlands, and also investigate the mechanisms responsible for the observed dry conditions over the Lake Turkana basin that lies in the wider section of the Turkana channel. The role of the large-scale orography and two other forcing factors namely the large-scale monsoonal flow and the Turkana channel depth are investigated in order to understand the kinematics of the jet. The simulated patterns of the Turkana easterly low-level jet compares well with its observed characteristics. Strong winds are indicated in the channel throughout the study period of October to December, with the wind speed decreasing in the middle and wider region of the channel. A split in the jet core is also shown in the middle of the channel. The level of maximum winds (∼11 m s−1) occurs in the layers 930-hPa and 650-hPa levels. The ...}, number={12}, journal={JOURNAL OF CLIMATE}, author={Indeje, M and Semazzi, FHM and Xie, L and Ogallo, LJ}, year={2001}, pages={2710–2724} }
 @article{indeje_semazzi_ogallo_2000, title={ENSO signals in East African rainfall seasons}, volume={20}, ISSN={["0899-8418"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(200001)20:1<19::AID-JOC449>3.3.CO;2-S}, abstractNote={The evolutions of ENSO modes in the seasonal rainfall patterns over East Africa are examined in this study. The study covers the period 1961–1990. Both rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and simple correlation analyses were used to delineate a network of 136 stations over East Africa into homogeneous rainfall regions in order to derive rainfall indices. Time series generated from the delineated regions were later used in the rainfall/ENSO analyses. Such analyses involved the development of composite rainfall map patterns for El Niño and post-ENSO (+1) years in order to investigate the associations between seasonal evolution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals and the space-time evolution of rainfall anomalies over the region. Analyses based on both EOF and simple correlation techniques yielded eight homogeneous rainfall regions over East Africa. The results showed unique seasonal evolution patterns in rainfall during the different phases of the ENSO cycles. East African rainfall performance characteristics were stratified to identify distinct rainfall anomaly patterns associated with ENSO and post-ENSO (+1) years. These can be applied in conjunction with skilful long lead (up to 12 months) ENSO prediction to provide guidance on likely patterns of seasonal rainfall anomalies over the region. Such information can be crucial for early warning of socio-economic disasters associated with extreme rainfall anomalies over East Africa. Copyright © 2000 Royal Meteorological Society}, number={1}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY}, author={Indeje, M and Semazzi, FHM and Ogallo, LJ}, year={2000}, month={Jan}, pages={19–46} }
 @article{indeje_semazzi_2000, title={Relationships between QBO in the lower equatorial stratospheric zonal winds and east African seasonal rainfall}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0177-7971"]}, DOI={10.1007/s007030050075}, number={3-4}, journal={METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS}, author={Indeje, M and Semazzi, FHM}, year={2000}, pages={227–244} }