@article{gemeno_williams_schal_2011, title={Effect of shelter on reproduction, growth and longevity of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)}, volume={108}, ISSN={1210-5759 1802-8829}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2011.028}, DOI={10.14411/eje.2011.028}, abstractNote={German cockroaches spend most of the day in aggregations within shelters, which they leave in nocturnal foraging trips; cockroaches are rarely seen outside shelters during daylight hours. However, when population density exceeds shelter availability, diurnal aggregations form in exposed, unsheltered locations. To determine if shelter availability affects fitness of B. germanica, we reared cohorts of nymphs in laboratory arenas with or without shelters, and measured reproduction and longevity of tagged adults. When shelters were available in arenas, nymphs developed faster, adults gained more body mass, and females produced more fertile oothecae than when arenas lacked shelters. Therefore, shelter alone has a significant positive effect on growth and reproduction of B. germanica, and reducing or eliminating shelters should affect population growth of B. germanica in residential and industrial settings.}, number={2}, journal={European Journal of Entomology}, publisher={Biology Centre, AS CR}, author={Gemeno, Cesar and Williams, Gregory M. and Schal, Coby}, year={2011}, month={Apr}, pages={205–210} }
 @article{eliyahu_nojima_santangelo_carpenter_webster_kiemle_gemeno_leal_schal_2011, title={Unusual macrocyclic lactone sex pheromone of Parcoblatta lata, a primary food source of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker}, volume={109}, ISSN={0027-8424 1091-6490}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111748109}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.1111748109}, abstractNote={
            Wood cockroaches in the genus
            Parcoblatta
            , comprising 12 species endemic to North America, are highly abundant in southeastern pine forests and represent an important prey of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker,
            Picoides borealis
            . The broad wood cockroach,
            Parcoblatta lata
            , is among the largest and most abundant of the wood cockroaches, constituting >50% of the biomass of the woodpecker's diet. Because reproduction in red-cockaded woodpeckers is affected dramatically by seasonal and spatial changes in arthropod availability, monitoring
            P. lata
            populations could serve as a useful index of habitat suitability for woodpecker conservation and forest management efforts. Female
            P. lata
            emit a volatile, long-distance sex pheromone, which, once identified and synthesized, could be deployed for monitoring cockroach populations. We describe here the identification, synthesis, and confirmation of the chemical structure of this pheromone as (4
            Z
            ,11
            Z
            )-oxacyclotrideca-4,11-dien-2-one [= (3
            Z
            ,10
            Z
            )-dodecadienolide; herein referred to as “parcoblattalactone”]. This macrocyclic lactone is a previously unidentified natural product and a previously unknown pheromonal structure for cockroaches, highlighting the great chemical diversity that characterizes olfactory communication in cockroaches: Each long-range sex pheromone identified to date from different genera belongs to a different chemical class. Parcoblattalactone was biologically active in electrophysiological assays and attracted not only
            P. lata
            but also several other
            Parcoblatta
            species in pine forests, underscoring its utility in monitoring several endemic wood cockroach species in red-cockaded woodpecker habitats.
          }, number={8}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, author={Eliyahu, D. and Nojima, S. and Santangelo, R. G. and Carpenter, S. and Webster, F. X. and Kiemle, D. J. and Gemeno, C. and Leal, W. S. and Schal, C.}, year={2011}, month={Dec}, pages={E490–E496} }
 @article{sheck_groot_ward_gemeno_wang_brownie_schal_gould_2006, title={Genetics of sex pheromone blend differences between Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa: a chromosome mapping approach}, volume={19}, ISSN={["1420-9101"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00999.x}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Males of the noctuid moths, Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa locate mates based on species-specific responses to female-emitted pheromones that are composed of distinct blends of volatile compounds. We conducted genetic crosses between these two species and used AFLP marker-based mapping of backcross families (H. subflexa direction) to determine which of the 30 autosomes in these moths contained quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the proportion of specific chemical components in the pheromone blends. Presence/absence of single H. virescens chromosomes accounted for 7–34% of the phenotypic variation among backcross females in seven pheromone components. For a set of three similar 16-carbon acetates, two H. virescens chromosomes interacted in determining their relative amounts within the pheromone gland and together accounted for 53% of the phenotypic variance. Our results are discussed relative to theories about population genetic processes and biochemical mechanisms involved in the evolution of new sexual communication systems.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY}, author={Sheck, AL and Groot, AT and Ward, CM and Gemeno, C and Wang, J and Brownie, C and Schal, C and Gould, F}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={600–617} }
 @article{groot_gemeno_brownie_gould_schal_2005, title={Male and female antennal responses in Heliothis virescens and H subflexa to conspecific and heterospecific sex pheromone compounds}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-34.2.256}, abstractNote={Abstract To determine whether Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa, two closely related sympatrically occurring species, differ in their antennal responses to conspecific and heterospecific pheromone compounds, we recorded electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female antennae of both species to eight different compounds loaded on filter paper dispensers. If antennal responses were found to differ in the two species, EAG-recordings from F1 hybrids and backcrosses between these species could be used in developing an understanding of the genetic architecture of variation in olfactory signal perception. However, all compounds elicited EAG responses in all male antennae tested, and no quantitative differences in response were found between the two species, except for the response to 1 mg (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16:OH), which elicited larger EAG responses in H. subflexa than in H. virescens males. This difference is consistent with the idea that this pheromone component is less important in the biology of H. virescens. Female antennae of both species were less responsive to the major sex pheromone compound, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), than male antennae; 10 μg Z11–16:Ald, which elicited strong EAG responses in males, produced female EAGs similar to control puffs of air. However, higher doses of Z11–16:Ald elicited significant EAG responses in female antennae of both species. Female antennae of both species also responded to most other pheromone compounds, except Z11–16:OH. These results support the hypothesis that autodetection of sex pheromones occurs in females of both H. virescens and H. subflexa. Whether females behaviorally respond to any, or to combinations, of these compounds remains to be elucidated.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Groot, A and Gemeno, C and Brownie, C and Gould, F and Schal, C}, year={2005}, month={Apr}, pages={256–263} }
 @article{gemeno_zurek_schal_2004, title={Control of Herpomyces spp. (Ascomycetes : Laboulbeniales) infection in the wood cockroach, Parcoblatta lata (Dictyoptera : Blattodea : Blattellidae), with benomyl}, volume={85}, ISSN={["0022-2011"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jip.2004.01.005}, abstractNote={Understanding the distribution of parasites is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied the distribution of the ectoparasitic fungus Laboulbenia formicarum in native and invasive Lasius ants in a 2000 km2 area. We screened over 16,000 ant workers in 478 colonies of five different species. We found that Lab. formicarum was rare in native Lasius species but infected 58% of the colonies of the invasive species Las. neglectus. At landscape scale, Lab. formicarum presence could not be explained by geographic and genetic distances between Las. neglectus colonies but was associated with hotter and dryer climatic conditions and its prevalence in colonies increased with urbanization. Within infected colonies, fungal prevalence varied from 0 to 100 percent within meters and was negatively correlated with impervious ground cover. In a changing world, our findings emphasize the importance of land-use and climatic factors in shaping the distribution and prevalence of fungal parasites.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY}, author={Gemeno, C and Zurek, L and Schal, C}, year={2004}, month={Feb}, pages={132–135} }
 @article{gemeno_snook_benda_schal_2003, title={Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for volatile sex pheromones in Parcoblatta wood cockroaches}, volume={29}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Chemical Ecology}, author={Gemeno, C. and Snook, K. and Benda, N. and Schal, C.}, year={2003}, month={Jan}, pages={36–54} }
 @article{gemeno_leal_mori_schal_2003, title={Behavioral and electropysiological responses of the brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa, to stereoisomers of its sex pheromone, supellapyrone}, volume={29}, ISSN={["1573-1561"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1024846110711}, abstractNote={Females of the brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa, release a sex pheromone (supellapyrone) during a calling behavior and attract males from a distance. Supellapyrone has four possible configurations resulting from two asymmetric carbons at positions 2 and 4 (i.e., 2R,4R; 2R,4S; 2S,4R; and 2S,4S), but only the RR isomer is produced by females. Using pure synthetic stereoisomers in field tests, we showed that males are attracted to RR but also to high concentrations of the isomer SR. To study the activity of the stereoisomers in more detail we developed behavioral and electroantennogram (EAG) dose-response curves for each. Behaviorally, RR was the most active isomer with just 0.3 pg delivered on a filter paper being sufficient to elicit 50% male response in the olfactometer. Males were also attracted to SR and SS in the olfactometer, but at much higher dosages (100x ) than the natural compound; RS did not elicit behavioral responses at any of the doses tested. In EAG assays, the antenna of male S. longipalpa showed high and similar sensitivity to RR and SR, but a much lower (10%) sensitivity to SS and practically no response to RS. The lack of agreement between behavioral and electrophysiological data suggested either that RR and SR stimulate different antennal sensory neuron types, or that some aspect of the interaction between the pheromone and the sensillum environment or the receptor neuron itself is different. To test the first hypothesis we examined the response of the antenna before and after adaptation with each of the four stereoisomers. Positive cross-adaptation between RR and SR suggests that these two compounds stimulate the same receptor cells. Therefore, the lack of agreement between behavioral and EAG dose-response curves could be explained by isomer-specific molecular interactions between the pheromone and the receptor neuron. Although RR and SR produced the same EAG amplitude, stimulation with SR resulted in a slower recovery rate (i.e., wider peaks) than stimulation with RR. To gain further understanding of the response specificity of the antennae to the different stereoisomers we compared EAG responses (amplitude and recovery time) in response to individual stereoisomers and binary mixtures of isomers. These tests showed additive responses of the EAG amplitude to mixtures of compounds, but nonadditive responses of EAG recovery time. Therefore, peak height and width are independent parameters of the EAG, probably representing different intrasensillar events, and likely resulting in the expression of different behavioral responses.}, number={8}, journal={Journal of Chemical Ecology}, author={Gemeno, C. and Leal, W.S. and Mori, K. and Schal, C.}, year={2003}, pages={1797–1811} }
 @article{trexler_apperson_gemeno_perich_carlson_schal_2003, title={Field and laboratory evaluations of potential oviposition attractants for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)}, volume={19}, number={3}, journal={Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association}, author={Trexler, J. D. and Apperson, C. S. and Gemeno, C. and Perich, M. J. and Carlson, D. and Schal, C.}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={228–234} }
 @article{trexler_apperson_zurek_gemeno_schal_kaufman_walker_watson_wallace_2003, title={Role of bacteria in mediating the oviposition responses of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae)}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0022-2585"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-2585-40.6.841}, abstractNote={Abstract The responses of Aedes albopictus to sources of oviposition attractants and stimulants were evaluated with a behavioral bioassay in which females attracted to odorants emanating from water were trapped on screens coated with an adhesive. Gravid mosquitoes were attracted to volatiles from larval-rearing water and soil-contaminated cotton towels. Bacteria were isolated from these substrates and from an organic infusion made with oak leaves. Through fatty acid-methyl ester analyses, six bacterial isolates from larval-rearing water, two isolates from soil-contaminated cotton towels, and three isolates from oak leaf infusion were identified to species. The response of gravid mosquitoes to these isolates was also evaluated in behavioral bioassays. Water containing Psychrobacter immobilis (from larval-rearing water), Sphingobacterium multivorum (from soil-contaminated cotton towels), and an undetermined Bacillus species (from oak leaf infusion) elicited significantly higher oviposition than control water without bacteria. Only volatiles collected from larval rearing water elicited significant electroantennogram responses in females.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Trexler, JD and Apperson, CS and Zurek, L and Gemeno, C and Schal, C and Kaufman, M and Walker, E and Watson, DW and Wallace, L}, year={2003}, month={Nov}, pages={841–848} }
 @article{gemeno_o'hara_strazanac_2002, title={First record of parasitism of cockroaches (Blattaria: Blattellidae) by Anisia optata (Diptera: Tachinidae)}, volume={113}, number={5}, journal={Entomological News}, author={Gemeno, C. and O'Hara, J. E. and Strazanac, J. S.}, year={2002}, pages={303–305} }
 @article{gemeno_haynes_2001, title={Impact of photoperiod on the sexual behavior of the black cutworm moth (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)}, volume={30}, ISSN={["0046-225X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-30.2.189}, abstractNote={Abstract We tested the hypothesis that changes in photoperiod alone are responsible for the delay in the onset of sexual maturity that has been previously observed in natural populations of the migratory black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), moth.We hypothesized that under short days, which occur at the onset of the spring and fall migrations, the first age at which males and females engage in sexual communication would be later than under long days typical of nonmigratory periods. Individuals were kept at 25°C from egg to adult under three photoregimes that they encounter in nature at different latitudes: 12:12 (L:D) h (late March and late September), 14:10 (L:D) h, and 16:8 (L:D) h. As predicted, the mean age at which females first called (i. e., released pheromone) was earlier under long-day than under short-day photoregimes, but this trend was not significant. The percentage of females that called over a 6-d-period was similar among photoregimes but it varied with age. There was no interaction between photoperiod and age on the percentage of females calling. Pheromone production, measured as the quantity of Z7–12:Ac in pheromone gland extracts, was lower under long-day than under short-day photoregimes. On average, 1-d-old females produced less pheromone than older females. Photoperiod and age showed a significant interaction in their effect on the quantity of Z7–12:Ac, but not in the direction predicted by our hypothesis. Males reared under short days showed higher percentages of response than did males reared under long days. Age had a significant effect on male response but it was independent from the effect of photoperiod. We conclude that although photoperiod length can influence calling, pheromone production, and male response, it has little effect on the age at which A. ipsilon reach sexual maturity. Changes in photoperiod alone cannot explain the delayed maturity observed in the field. Other factors, alone or in combination with photoperiod, may be necessary to induce the reproductive diapause that A. ipsilon undergoes in its fall migration.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Gemeno, C and Haynes, KF}, year={2001}, month={Apr}, pages={189–195} }
 @article{gemeno_moore_preziosi_haynes_2001, title={Quantitative genetics of signal evolution: A comparison of the pheromonal signal in two populations of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1573-3297"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1010249310366}, abstractNote={Pheromones are important in reproductive isolation among populations of moths, but the genetics associated with diversification of pheromonal signals is poorly understood. To gain insight into processes that may lead to diversification we examined the genetic architecture underlying the production of the sex pheromone of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni. We compared genetic parameters of two populations; one with a wild-type pheromone phenotype (N) and one where a single-gene mutation affecting the pheromone blend produced by females had been established (M). Using a half-sib breeding design we estimated heritabilities, coefficients of additive genetic variation, and phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations of the pheromone components. In both populations, narrow sense heritabilities were generally moderate and genetic correlations were mostly positive. Comparisons between the two populations showed that, while the pattern of phenotypic correlations showed significant agreement between populations, the patterns of genetic (co)variation (i.e. the shapes of the within population matrix) were dissimilar between the two populations. The presence of additive genetic variation in both populations indicates that there is the potential for further evolution of individual pheromone components. However, because of the differences between the populations in the pattern of genetic variation and covariation, the populations will evolve along different evolutionary trajectories even under identical selection pressures. These results suggest that single gene mutations, once established, can be associated with further alterations in the genetic architecture and this has implications for the evolution of pheromone communication.}, number={2}, journal={BEHAVIOR GENETICS}, author={Gemeno, C and Moore, AJ and Preziosi, RF and Haynes, KF}, year={2001}, month={Mar}, pages={157–165} }
 @article{gemeno_haynes_2000, title={Periodical and age-related variation in chemical communication system of black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1573-1561"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1005468203045}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY}, author={Gemeno, C and Haynes, KF}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={329–342} }
 @article{gemeno_lutfallah_haynes_2000, title={Pheromone blend variation and cross-attraction among populations of the black cutworm moth (Lepidoptera : noctuidae)}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1938-2901"]}, DOI={10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[1322:PBVACA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Sex pheromone quantity, blend ratio, and cross-attraction were studied in four populations of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel). Analysis of pheromone gland extracts showed that the three pheromone components of A. ipsilon, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7–12:Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:Ac) and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11–16:Ac) were present in all four populations. On average, Z7–12:Ac was the most abundant component in the populations from Kentucky and Kansas, whereas in the Egyptian and French populations Z11–16:Ac was the most abundant component. All populations had a similar quantity of Z7–12:Ac. The population from Kentucky had significantly more Z9–14:Ac than the population from Kansas, and the other two populations had intermediate quantities of this component (P < 0.05). The Egyptian population had significantly more Z11–16:Ac than the French population, which had significantly more than the populations from Kentucky and Kansas (P < 0.05). Comparing Nearctic (Kentucky and Kansas) versus Palearctic (Egypt and France) populations showed significant differences in the quantity of Z11–16:Ac and in the ratio of Z11–16:Ac to Z7–12:Ac (P < 0.01). Full-sib analysis revealed significant heritabilities in pheromone components and blend ratios in two of the populations. Cross-attraction between individuals from Kansas and from each of the other three populations was tested in paired experiments in a wind tunnel using live females as the source of pheromone. Males did not discriminate between females from their own population and females from the reference population. Thus, significant differences in pheromone blend among geographically distant populations of A. ipsilon did not prevent cross-attraction under laboratory conditions.}, number={6}, journal={ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA}, author={Gemeno, C and Lutfallah, AF and Haynes, KF}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={1322–1328} }
 @article{gemeno_haynes_1998, title={Chemical and behavioral evidence for a third pheromone component in a North American population of the black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0098-0331"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1022398318465}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY}, author={Gemeno, C and Haynes, KF}, year={1998}, month={Jun}, pages={999–1011} }
 @article{gemeno_anton_zhu_haynes_1998, title={Morphology of the reproductive system and antennal lobes of gynandromorphic and normal black cutworm moths, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0020-7322"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00010-5}, abstractNote={Sexually dimorphic characteristics of a bilaterally asymmetric gynandromorphic black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), were compared with those of normal males and females. On one side of the body, the gynandromorphs wings were larger and darker than on the other side, and the antenna was filiform. On the other side of the body, the wings were smaller and lighter in color, and the antenna was pectinate. Females were usually larger and more pigmented than males. Female antenna were filiform and those of males pectinate. At the tip of the abdomen, the gynandromorph had 2 valves, as normal males do, but the one on the female side was smaller. The antennal lobes of the gynandromorphs brain included only ordinary glomeruli on the female side, and ordinary glomeruli plus a partially developed macroglomerular complex (MGC) at the base of the antenna on the male side. Normal female antennal lobes contained only ordinary glomeruli. Normal male antennal lobes contained ordinary glomeruli and a fully developed MGC, consisting of one large and 3 smaller glomeruli. In the gynandromorph, female reproductive organs were partially developed or absent. A portion of the oviduct was missing together with several ovarioles, and no spermatheca or seminal duct were found. The male reproductive track was complete, except for the paired structures, which in the gynandromorph were single. Normal females had paired accessory glands and ovaries, and single oviduct, bursa copulatrix, and spermatheca. Normal males had fused testes, paired accessory glands, and a single ejaculatory duct and aedeagus. The gynandromorph assumed a calling posture and attracted one male, but it did not respond to the pheromone from females.}, number={3}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY & EMBRYOLOGY}, author={Gemeno, C and Anton, S and Zhu, JW and Haynes, KF}, year={1998}, month={Jul}, pages={185–191} }
 @article{gemeno_snook_benda_schal, title={Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for volatile sex pheromones in Parcoblatta wood cockroaches.}, volume={29}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Chemical Ecology}, author={Gemeno, C. and Snook, K. and Benda, N. and Schal, C.}, pages={37–54} }