@article{carson_balint-kurti_blanco_millard_duvick_holley_hudyncia_goodman_2006, title={Registration of nine high-yielding tropical by temperate maize germplasm lines adapted for the southern USA}, volume={46}, ISSN={["1435-0653"]}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0283 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true{\&}db=agr{\&}AN=IND43883443{\&}site=ehost-live{\&}scope=site}, DOI={10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0283}, abstractNote={Nine maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm lines have been developed by the USDA GEM (Germplasm Enhancement of Maize) project (Reg no. GP-501–509, PI 639497–639505, see Table 1). The GEM project is a cooperative research effort to facilitate the introduction of exotic maize germplasm into U.S. breeding programs. It involves most U.S. maize breeding companies and many public cooperators (Pollak, 2003; Pollak and Salhuana, 2001; Goodman, 1999; Goodman and Carson, 2000; Goodman et al., 2000). Replicated breeding trials coordinated by North Carolina State University as part of the GEM project, and conducted by several public and private GEM cooperators, have identified nine superior F2S2 germplasm lines (S2 lines derived from an F2 population) containing 50% tropical germplasm by pedigree. When topcrossed to sister-line crosses or foundation-seed inbreds, these germplasm lines have yielded well in North Carolina and other southern corn growing regions of the USA in comparison to commercial check hybrids (i.e., their yields were either significantly higher or not statistically significantly different from the yields of the commercial check hybrids). They also performed at least as well as commercial check hybrids by several other criteria enumerated below. Table 1 shows the GEM names designated for these sources alongside their previous identifiers. The source of the tropical germplasm involved in these nine novel germplasm lines is the Brazilian population PE1 (also known as BR51403). PE1 is a composite of varieties from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The U.S. parent of the germplasm was a privately owned inbred line of the nonstiff stalk heterotic group. These germplasm lines were developed by selfing and selecting within variable F1s from crosses between the tropicalsource (i.e., different individuals from the PE1 population) and the U.S. inbred, in North Carolina under standard nursery conditions. F2 seed were bulked and used for a second selfing/ selection season in Homestead, FL. Nine hundred ninety F3 progenies, each derived from the self of a different F2 plant, were tested for per-se yield in unreplicated yield trials at the Sandhills Research Station in North Carolina in 1996. The top 10% were selected for further selfing and topcrossing in a winter nursery at Homestead, FL. All procedures were performed using ear-to-row methods (i.e., each row was planted with seeds from a single ear), except that F2 seeds planted at Homestead were bulked by pedigree (i.e., all the F2 seed from each tropical source 3 U.S. inbred were bulked). Germplasm lines were visually selected on the basis of resistance to lodging, early flowering, synchrony of silk and pollen production, and reduced plant and ear height. Topcross seed for initial yield trials were produced using the sister line cross FR992 3 FR1064 (provided by Illinois Foundation Seeds) as tester. These seed were used for yield trials in 15 test locations from Delaware to Georgia and as far west as Missouri over 2 yr (1997 and 1998). These states were Delaware (1 location), Georgia (3 locations), Kentucky (2 locations), Maryland (1 location), Missouri (2 locations), North Carolina (4 locations), Tennessee (1 location), Texas (1 location). The released germplasm lines were among the top performers in these tests. The seed moisture of the sources being registered was not significantly higher or was lower than the commercial hybrid check means in all cases and lodging was acceptable as well. These data are detailed in Table 1. Additional yield experiments were conducted with GEMS-0042, GEMS-0033, and GEMS-0037, top crossed to the stiff-stalk testers LH200 and LH244 and tested at several locations throughout the southern Corn Belt in 2001 and 2002. In these experiments the germplasm lines produced superior yields to elite hybrid checks, yielding between 9500 and 9800 kg ha compared with a hybrid check mean of 9390 kg ha21 (The checks in this case were Dekalb brand 687; Pioneer brands 30F33, 32K61, and 3165; NC320 3 T7; LH132 3 LH51 and LH200 3 LH262). In yield trials conducted in the mid-western Corn Belt (Iowa, Missouri, and Illinois) using LH200 and LH198 as testers, the yields of all of these germplasm lines were inferior to the hybrid check means. GEMS-0035 (8786 kg ha), GEMS-0039 (8704 kg ha), and GEMS-0042 (8604 kg ha) yielded best in top crosses with LH200, compared to the hybrid check mean of 9765 kg ha. (The checks in this case were Pioneer brands 31G98, 34B23, 33P66; LH198 3 LH185 and LH200 3 LH262). GEMS-0039 (9527 kg ha), GEMS-0036 (8817 kg ha) and GEMS-0037 (8786 kg ha21) yielded best in top crosses with LH198, compared with a hybrid check mean of 9602 kg ha. (The checks in this case were Pioneer brands 31G98, 34B23, 33P66; LH198 3 LH185 and LH200 3 LH262). These materials have a range of kernel colors; Orange and yellow (GEMS-0040), orange (GEMS-0037), yellow and yellow cap (GEMS-0036 and GEMS-0042), yellow cap (GEMS0035) and yellow (all others). A range of kernel textures are}, number={4}, journal={CROP SCIENCE}, author={Carson, M. L. and Balint-Kurti, P. J. and Blanco, M. and Millard, M. and Duvick, S. and Holley, R. and Hudyncia, J. and Goodman, M. M.}, year={2006}, pages={1825–1826} }
 @article{hudyncia_shew_cody_cubeta_2000, title={Evaluation of wounds as a factor to infection of cabbage by ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0191-2917"]}, DOI={10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.3.316}, abstractNote={ A semi-selective medium was used to examine the aerobiology of ascospores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in five commercial cabbage fields in eastern North Carolina. Ascospores were present in all five fields from 26 September to 30 November. However, numbers of ascospores varied greatly depending on location, sampling date, and time. In general, peak ascospore deposition occurred between 11:00 A.M. and 1:00 P.M., with the number of colonies recovered ranging from 3 to 55/dish (9 cm in diameter). Peak ascospore numbers at all locations were found from mid- to late October, but a second, smaller peak was also evident at each location in late November. Information obtained was employed to evaluate the role of wounding in infection of cabbage by ascospores of S. sclerotiorum in controlled environmental chambers. A method for production and release of ascospores of S. sclerotiorum was employed in controlled-environment chambers for the inoculation of cabbage plants with one of three representative foliar wounds: a bruise, a cut, or a non-lethal freeze. Wounding treatments were applied to 7-week-old cabbage plants, misting was added to maintain continuous leaf wetness, and ascospores were released from apothecia twice daily for four consecutive days. Spore trapping with a semi-selective medium indicated that inoculum was evenly distributed within the chambers and deposition was similar to levels recorded in the field. At 31 days after inoculation, disease incidence ranged from 0% on the control to 96% on the freeze treatments. Freeze-treated plants showed the highest disease severity throughout the entire incubation period. Mean area under the disease progress curve of severity values were 0, 0.2, 34 and 60 for the control, cut, bruise, and freeze treatments, respectively. Results indicate that freeze and bruise injuries are important factors associated with infection of cabbage by S. sclerotiorum. }, number={3}, journal={PLANT DISEASE}, author={Hudyncia, J and Shew, HD and Cody, BR and Cubeta, MA}, year={2000}, month={Mar}, pages={316–320} }