@article{smith_zhao_2015, title={Residential water management: An economic perspective on policy instruments}, DOI={10.4337/9781782549666.00013}, journal={Handbook of Water Economics}, author={Smith, V. K. and Zhao, M. Q.}, year={2015}, pages={103–125} }
 @article{phaneuf_smith_palmquist_pope_2008, title={Integrating property value and local recreation models to value ecosystem services in urban watersheds}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0023-7639"]}, DOI={10.3368/le.84.3.361}, abstractNote={This paper outlines a new revealed preference method to estimate the effects of changes in land use associated with residential development on water quality and the implied ecosystem services at the watershed level. The analysis integrates data describing several types of behavior and uses hedonic property value and random utility models for local recreation to consider the multiple impacts of ecosystem services on household well-being. Several policy examples drawn from changes in Wake County, North Carolina, are used to demonstrate how spatial differences in residential development are reflected in the model’s estimates of the economic costs of deterioration in watershed quality. (JEL Q51, Q57)}, number={3}, journal={LAND ECONOMICS}, author={Phaneuf, Daniel J. and Smith, V. Kerry and Palmquist, Raymond B. and Pope, Jaren C.}, year={2008}, month={Aug}, pages={361–381} }
 @article{carbone_hallstrom_smith_2006, title={Can natural experiments measure behavioral responses to environmental risks?}, volume={33}, ISSN={["1573-1502"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10640-005-3610-4}, number={3}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, author={Carbone, JC and Hallstrom, DG and Smith, VK}, year={2006}, month={Mar}, pages={273–297} }
 @article{evans_smith_2006, title={Do we really understand the age-VSL relationship?}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1873-0221"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.reseneeco.2006.02.004}, abstractNote={Proposals to apply lower values to risk reductions for older adults have drawn attention to the theoretical and empirical findings describing the relationship between the value of a statistical life (VSL) and age. While the theoretical results are ambiguous and the empirical results mixed, the conclusion that VSL declines with age seems to have gained a status close to one of a professional consensus. This paper questions this rush to consensus by raising analytical and empirical concerns. We focus on the way in which individuals perceive multiple mortality risks and present both analytical and empirical results that are inconsistent with VSL declining with age.}, number={3}, journal={RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS}, author={Evans, Mary F. and Smith, V. Kerry}, year={2006}, month={Aug}, pages={242–261} }
 @article{smith_pattanayak_van houtven_2006, title={Structural benefit transfer: An example using VSL estimates}, volume={60}, ISSN={["0921-8009"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.04.002}, abstractNote={This paper describes and illustrates a method for benefits transfer referred to as preference calibration or structural benefits transfer. This approach requires selection of a preference model, capable of describing individual choices over a set of market and associated non-market goods to maximize utility when facing budget constraints. Once the structure is selected, the next step involves defining the analytical expressions for the tradeoffs being represented by the set of available benefit measures. These algebraic relationships are used with the benefit estimates from the literature to calibrate the parameters of the model. The calibrated model then offers the basis for defining the “new” tradeoffs required for the policy analysis, i.e., for ‘transferring benefits’. A new application is used to illustrate the structural benefits transfer logic. It involves the benefits for mortality risk reductions, measured with labor market compensation a worker would accept to be willing to work with added risk. The measure is usually labeled the value of a statistical life (VSL). Our application indicates that we should not have expected differences in these measures for the economic value of risk reductions with age. The calibrated estimates were not greatly different for combinations of risk levels, labor supply choices, wages, and non-wage income for older adults. Thus, simple adjustments relying on value per discounted life year remaining seem questionable.}, number={2}, journal={ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS}, author={Smith, V. Kerry and Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. and Van Houtven, George L.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={361–371} }
 @article{evans_smith_2005, title={Do new health conditions support mortality-air pollution effects?}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1096-0449"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jeem.2005.04.002}, abstractNote={Epidemiological research underlying US air quality regulations documents significant associations between measures of fine particles and premature mortality. Recent studies examine potential mechanistic pathways, related to heart and lung functioning, that may contribute to the observed deaths. Our results support these pathophysiological analyses. We examine whether the onset of serious health conditions, consistent with disease pathways, is related to current and long-term exposure to particulate matter and ozone. Associations between air pollution and alternative indicators of health status are also evaluated. The 1996 wave of the Health and Retirement Study is used with a two-step estimator acknowledging limitations in our ability to measure individual exposures. The findings suggest significant current and long-term effects of particulates on new cases of heart attacks and angina, reinforcing the disease pathways identified in epidemiological studies. Long-term air pollution exposure is also a determinant of recently diagnosed chronic lung conditions and reports of shortness of breath.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Evans, MF and Smith, VK}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={496–518} }
 @article{hallstrom_smith_2005, title={Market responses to hurricanes}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1096-0449"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jeem.2005.05.002}, abstractNote={This paper uses one of the strongest hurricanes to hit the US, Andrew in 1992, to define a quasi-random experiment that permits estimation of the responses of housing values to information about new hurricanes. Lee County, Florida did not experience damage from Andrew. The storm was a “near-miss.” We hypothesize that Andrew conveyed risk information to homeowners in the county. A difference-in-differences (DND) framework identifies the effect of this information on property values in areas likely to experience significant storm damage. The DND findings indicate at least a 19 percent decline in property values.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Hallstrom, DG and Smith, VK}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={541–561} }
 @article{smith_banzhaf_2004, title={Diagrammatic exposition of weak complementarity and the Willig condition}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0002-9092"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00591.x}, abstractNote={This article provides a graphical explanation for one of the most important restrictions to utility functions used in revealed preference approaches for measuring the demand for public goods and product quality—weak complementarity. It also describes how the Willig condition is an important element along with weak complementarity in measuring Hicksian consumer surplus for changes in public goods or quality using Marshallian demand curves.}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Smith, VK and Banzhaf, HS}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={455–466} }
 @article{smith_evans_kim_taylor_2004, title={Do the near-elderly value mortality risks differently?}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0034-6535"]}, DOI={10.1162/003465304774201842}, abstractNote={Wage hedonic models are estimated with the Health and Retirement Study to measure the risk-wage tradeoffs (value of statistical lives) for older workers. The analysis explicitly allows for multiple employment states, including retirement, using a multinomial selection model. The results suggest that the oldest and most risk-averse workers require significantly higher, not lower, compensation to accept increases in job-related fatality risks.}, number={1}, journal={REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS}, author={Smith, VK and Evans, MF and Kim, H and Taylor, DH}, year={2004}, month={Feb}, pages={423–429} }
 @article{smith_evans_2004, title={Economic implications of hormesis: some additional thoughts}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0960-3271"]}, DOI={10.1191/0960327104ht450oa}, abstractNote={or they might involve impacts on plants or animals that people care about. Because we generally agree with his analysis and conclusions, our comments will focus on additional issues that either follow from his paper or were not completely developed. Our discussion begins by suggesting additional policy insights might be added to Hammitt's description of the problems posed by hormesis by considering cases where similar phenomenon arise elsewhere in environmental economics. It also comments on the difficulties hormesis poses for benefit measurement and closes with an alternative rationale for applying the efficiency principles Hammitt discusses.}, number={6}, journal={HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY}, author={Smith, VK and Evans, MF}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={285–287} }
 @article{sieg_smith_banzhaf_walsh_2004, title={Estimating the general equilibrium benefits of large changes in spatially delineated public goods}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1468-2354"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00297.x}, abstractNote={The purpose of this article is to report a new approach for measuring the general equilibrium willingness to pay for large changes in spatially delineated public goods such as air quality. We estimate the parameters of a locational equilibrium model and compute equilibria for alternative scenarios characterizing the availability of public goods within a system of communities. Welfare measures take into consideration the adjustments of households in equilibrium to nonmarginal changes in public goods. The framework is used to analyze willingness to pay for reductions in ozone concentrations in Southern California between 1990 and 1995.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW}, author={Sieg, H and Smith, VK and Banzhaf, HS and Walsh, R}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={1047–1077} }
 @article{smith_sieg_banzhaf_walsh_2004, title={General equilibrium benefits for environmental improvements: projected ozone reductions under EPA's Prospective Analysis for the Los Angeles air basin}, volume={47}, ISSN={["0095-0696"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.jeem.2003.10.006}, abstractNote={This research demonstrates how locational equilibrium models can be used for benefit measurement with the detail required to match EPA's benefit analysis for the first Prospective Analysis. Using the projected changes in ozone concentrations for 2000 and 2010 together with the Sieg et al. (Int. Econ. Rev., forthcoming) estimates for household preferences for housing, education, and air quality, this paper measures general equilibrium willingness to pay for the policy scenarios developed for the Prospective study as they relate to households in the Los Angeles area. Benefits are evaluated taking account (at the household level) of initial air quality conditions, relocation based on changes in ozone, and price changes. The framework generalizes the partial equilibrium/general equilibrium comparisons available with conventional computable general equilibrium and property capitalization models. Estimated general equilibrium gains from the policy range from $33 to $2400 annually at a household level (in 1990 dollars).}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Smith, VK and Sieg, H and Banzhaf, HS and Walsh, RP}, year={2004}, month={May}, pages={559–584} }
 @article{smith_2004, title={Krutilla's legacy: Twenty-first-century challenges for environmental economics}, volume={86}, ISBN={0002-9092}, DOI={10.1111/j.0002-9092.2004.00662.x}, abstractNote={We all need heroes. In academic life their ideas capture our imaginations, convincing us that a set of problems is important. Often, they are role models and mentors to young scholars. Certainly the academic enterprise would be less exciting and less productive without them. This past year, environmental economics lost John Krutilla, one of its founding fathers, and a person I have always regarded as an academic ‘hero.’ Few people have influenced environmental economics more than John. It has now been fifteen years since his last major book was published (Bowes and Krutilla), and nearly forty years since the article, “Conservation Reconsidered,” that most environmental economists associate with him, appeared in the AER .A short recognition of his work, prepared by Resources for the Future, includes a comment by Nobel laureate Robert Solow that captures the impact of this paper. He observed that:}, number={5}, journal={American Journal of Agricultural Economics}, author={Smith, V. K.}, year={2004}, pages={1167} }
 @article{smith_van houtven_2004, title={Recovering Hicksian consumer surplus within a collective model: Hausman's method for the household}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0924-6460"]}, DOI={10.1023/b:eare.0000029916.05630.89}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, author={Smith, VK and Van Houtven, G}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={153–167} }
 @article{smith_pattanayak_van houtven_2003, title={VSL reconsidered: what do labor supply estimates reveal about risk preferences?}, volume={80}, ISSN={["0165-1765"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00081-8}, abstractNote={Abstract We propose and illustrate a theoretically consistent framework for linking estimates of the value of a statistical life (VSL) to individual preferences. Our example suggests a method for using estimates of the labor supply elasticity to impute a VSL estimate.}, number={2}, journal={ECONOMICS LETTERS}, author={Smith, VK and Pattanayak, SK and Van Houtven, GL}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={147–153} }
 @article{smith_van houtven_pattanayak_2002, title={Benefit transfer via preference calibration: "Prudential algebra" for policy}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0023-7639"]}, DOI={10.2307/3146928}, abstractNote={This paper proposes a new approach to benefit transfer. The method assumes a specific form for preferences and uses available benefit information to identify and calibrate the preference parameters to match the existing benefit estimates. This approach assures economic consistency of the transfers. Benefit measures can never be inconsistent with household income. The logic also offers a series of potentially observable “predictions” that can be used to gauge the plausibility of benefit transfers. When multiple benefit estimates from different methods are available such as hedonic property value, travel cost demand, and contingent valuation, the framework uses the definition of the benefit concept from each method in a single preference function to reconcile differences. It provides a specific way to take account of baseline conditions and scope effects (i.e., the size of the proposed change) consistently in the transfer. The method is illustrated using estimates for benefit measure changes in water quality from three studies: travel cost demand, hedonic property value, and contingent valuation analysis. (JEL Q26)}, number={1}, journal={LAND ECONOMICS}, author={Smith, VK and Van Houtven, G and Pattanayak, SK}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={132–152} }
 @article{sloan_smith_taylor_2002, title={Information, addiction, and 'bad choices': lessons from a century of cigarettes}, volume={77}, ISSN={["0165-1765"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00134-9}, abstractNote={This study describes government interventions during the 1900s and their effects on cigarette consumption within a rational addiction framework. With annual data for the 20th century, impacts of specific antismoking information events disappear. U.S. per capita cigarette demand changed before any information about health effects of smoking was widely distributed.}, number={2}, journal={ECONOMICS LETTERS}, author={Sloan, FA and Smith, VK and Taylor, DH}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={147–155} }
 @article{sieg_smith_banzhaf_walsh_2002, title={Interjurisdictional housing prices in locational equilibrium}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1095-9068"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0094-1190(02)00007-4}, abstractNote={In this study, we discuss how to construct interjurisdictional housing price indexes that are consistent with locational equilibrium theory. In theoretical models, housing is assumed to be homogeneous, which provides problems in empirical analysis. We provide conditions that allow us to treat heterogeneous housing as if it were homogeneous. The same conditions that allow us to develop a quantity index for housing, also imply that we can estimate interjurisdictional housing price indexes using hedonic price regressions. Locational equilibrium models impose a number of restrictions regarding the co-movement of housing price indexes, local public goods, and mean income levels. We propose to use these properties of locational equilibrium models to evaluate the different price index estimates. We estimate a variety of price indexes using a unique panel data set of housing transactions in Southern California. Our empirical results, by and large, support our approach.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS}, author={Sieg, H and Smith, VK and Banzhaf, HS and Walsh, R}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={131–153} }
 @article{smith_pattanayak_2002, title={Is meta-analysis a Noah's ark for non-market valuation?}, volume={22}, number={1-2}, journal={Environmental and Resource Economics}, author={Smith, V. K. and Pattanayak, S. K.}, year={2002}, pages={271–296} }
 @article{huang_smith_2002, title={Monte Carlo benchmarks for discrete response valuation methods: Reply}, volume={78}, ISSN={["0023-7639"]}, DOI={10.2307/3146857}, abstractNote={This response to a comment by Poe and Vossler on our earlier research (Huang and Smith 1998) agrees that our test of the equality of the Turnbull lower bound mean and English Auction mean was incorrect. However, this result was part of the review of literature and did not affect any of the primary conclusions of our earlier research. Moreover, further analysis of the sampling experiments suggests that the selection of true model specifications, hypothesized values for key preference parameters, and choice of estimating equations did not preclude negative biases in the estimates of willingness to pay from discrete response models. (JEL C93, D12, Q2)}, number={4}, journal={LAND ECONOMICS}, author={Huang, JC and Smith, VK}, year={2002}, month={Nov}, pages={617–623} }
 @article{krosnick_holbrook_berent_carson_hanemann_kopp_mitchell_presser_ruud_smith_et al._2002, title={The impact of 'no opinion' response options on data quality - Non-attitude reduction or an invitation to satisfice?}, volume={66}, DOI={10.1086/341394}, abstractNote={According to many seasoned survey researchers, offering a no-opinion option should reduce the pressure to give substantive re- sponses felt by respondents who have no true opinions. By contrast, the survey satisficing perspective suggests that no-opinion options may dis- courage some respondents from doing the cognitive work necessary to report the true opinions they do have. We address these arguments using data from nine experiments carried out in three household surveys. Attraction to no-opinion options was found to be greatest among re- spondents lowest in cognitive skills (as measured by educational at- tainment), among respondents answering secretly instead of orally, for questions asked later in a survey, and among respondents who devoted little effort to the reporting process. The quality of attitude reports ob- tained (as measured by over-time consistency and responsiveness to a question manipulation) was not compromised by the omission of no- opinion options. These results suggest that inclusion of no-opinion op- tions in attitude measures may not enhance data quality and instead may preclude measurement of some meaningful opinions.}, number={3}, journal={Public Opinion Quarterly}, author={Krosnick, J. A. and Holbrook, A. L. and Berent, M. K. and Carson, R. T. and Hanemann, W. M. and Kopp, R. J. and Mitchell, R. C. and Presser, S. and Ruud, P. A. and Smith, V. K. and et al.}, year={2002}, pages={371–403} }
 @article{smith_poulos_kim_2002, title={Treating open space as an urban amenity}, volume={24}, ISSN={["0928-7655"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0928-7655(01)00055-0}, abstractNote={In “the welfare economics of city bigness”, George Tolley asserts that the virtual price of amenities can be used to judge the efficiency of a urban spatial land use patterns. Expanding this test to open space amenities is not straightforward because those amenities are especially difficult to characterize. Bockstael and Irwin [Economics and the land use—environment link. In: Tietenberg, T., Folmer, H. (Eds.), International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics, 2000/2001. Edward Edgar, Cheltenhan, UK, 2000] suggest that open space amenities and their virtual prices depend on whether surrounding land uses are fixed or adjustable. This paper estimates hedonic price functions over nearly 30 years to evaluate, whether the distinctions between fixed and adjustable land uses help in measuring the value of open space amenities.}, number={1-2}, journal={RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS}, author={Smith, VK and Poulos, C and Kim, H}, year={2002}, month={Feb}, pages={107–129} }
 @article{smith_taylor_sloan_johnson_desvousges_2001, title={Do smokers respond to health shocks?}, volume={83}, ISSN={["0034-6535"]}, DOI={10.1162/003465301753237759}, abstractNote={This paper reports the first effort to use data to evaluate how new information, acquired through exogenous health shocks, affects people's longevity expectations. We find that smokers react differently to health shocks than do those who quit smoking or never smoked. These differences, together with insights from qualitative research conducted along with the statistical analysis, suggest specific changes in the health warnings used to reduce smoking. Our specific focus is on how current smokers responded to health information in comparison to former smokers and nonsmokers. The three groups use significantly different updating rules to revise their assessments about longevity. The most significant finding of our study documents that smokers differ from persons who do not smoke in how information influences their personal longevity expectations. When smokers experience smoking-related health shocks, they interpret this information as reducing their chances of living to age 75 or more. Our estimated models imply smokers update their longevity expectations more dramatically than either former smokers or those who never smoked. Smokers are thus assigning a larger risk equivalent to these shocks. They do not react comparably to general health shocks, implying that specific information about smoking-related health events is most likely to cause them to update beliefs. It remains to be evaluated whether messages can be designed that focus on the link between smoking and health outcomes in ways that will have comparable effects on smokers' risk perceptions.}, number={4}, journal={REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS}, author={Smith, VK and Taylor, DH and Sloan, FA and Johnson, FR and Desvousges, WH}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={675–687} }
 @article{smith_taylor_sloan_2001, title={Longevity expectations and death: Can people predict their own demise?}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0002-8282"]}, DOI={10.1257/aer.91.4.1126}, abstractNote={Longevity Expectations and Death: Can People Predict Their Own Demise? by V. Kerry Smith, Donald H. Taylor and Frank A. Sloan. Published in volume 91, issue 4, pages 1126-1134 of American Economic Review, September 2001}, number={4}, journal={AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW}, author={Smith, VK and Taylor, DH and Sloan, FA}, year={2001}, month={Sep}, pages={1126–1134} }
 @article{smith_2001, title={Spatial delineation and environmental economics: Discussion}, volume={83}, ISSN={["0002-9092"]}, DOI={10.1111/0002-9092.00195}, abstractNote={Acknowledging the importance of spatial delineation seems like yesterday's news to environmental economists. From transport coefficients to travel cost models, researchers have recognized how the spatial story affects the design of environmental policies. However, this session's papers suggest the research terrain is more complex than previously appreciated. Nonetheless, their story is an optimistic one with prospects for substantial advances by combining geographical information systems (GIS), spatial econometrics, and structural models.}, number={3}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Smith, VK}, year={2001}, month={Aug}, pages={711–713} }
 @article{smith_walsh_2000, title={Do painless environmental policies exist?}, volume={21}, ISSN={["0895-5646"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1026569410780}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY}, author={Smith, VK and Walsh, R}, year={2000}, month={Jul}, pages={73–94} }
 @article{taylor_smith_2000, title={Environmental amenities as a source of market power}, volume={76}, ISSN={["0023-7639"]}, DOI={10.2307/3146952}, abstractNote={Site-specific environmental amenities can provide a source of product-differentiating market power. Using estimates from hedonic-price equations and residual-demand models, our analysis recovers firm-specific estimates of price markups as measures of market power, and uses these markups to estimate the implied marginal value for access to coastal beaches. The application involves rental price and occupancy data for several thousand beach properties along a portion of the North Carolina coastline during the 1987 to 1992 rental seasons.}, number={4}, journal={LAND ECONOMICS}, author={Taylor, LO and Smith, VK}, year={2000}, month={Nov}, pages={550–568} }
 @misc{smith_2000, title={JEEM and non-market valuation: 1974-1998}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1096-0449"]}, DOI={10.1006/jeem.1999.1111}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper considers whether the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (JEEM) has had impact on the development and applications of the methods used to estimate economic values for non-marketed environmental resources. Journal editors control the research dialogue in a discipline and as a result have the potential to influence its scope and direction. At least four areas of research have been influenced by JEEM, the theory and practice of contingent valuation, the use of preference restrictions in valuation, the development and application of corner solution models, and the role of substitution between environmental resources for valuation.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={Smith, VK}, year={2000}, month={May}, pages={351–374} }
 @article{bockstael_freeman_kopp_portney_smith_2000, title={On measuring economic values for nature}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1520-5851"]}, DOI={10.1021/es990673l}, abstractNote={This paper describes how economists ascribe values to the things people can choose. The economic value of an ecosystem function or service relates to the contribution it makes to human welfare, where human welfare is measured in terms of each individual's own assessment of well-being. After developing how this definition is used, the paper describes problems and opportunities for advancing the state-of-the-art in measuring economic values for nature. These arguments are developed using recent studies that attempted to estimate economic values for ecosystems on a global scale. One implication of this evaluation is that there is a need for greater communication between ecologists and economists. Economic analyses must reflect the intricate web of physical interrelationships linking activities that have harmful effects in one part of an ecosystem to the potential effects on other parts. At the same time, economic values for ecosystems accept consumer sovereignty and should be interpreted as descriptions of t...}, number={8}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY}, author={Bockstael, NE and Freeman, AM and Kopp, RJ and Portney, PR and Smith, VK}, year={2000}, month={Apr}, pages={1384–1389} }
 @article{sieg_smith_banzhaf_walsh_1999, title={The role of optimizing behavior in willingness-to-pay estimates for air quality}, volume={81}, ISSN={["1467-8276"]}, DOI={10.2307/1244093}, abstractNote={American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 81, Issue 5 p. 1112-1117 Principal Paper Session The Role of Optimizing Behavior in Willingness-to-Pay Estimates for Air Quality Holger Sieg, Holger Sieg assistant professor of Economics Duke University graduate students, Department of Economics, Duke University.Search for more papers by this authorV. Kerry Smith, V. Kerry Smith university distinguished professor North Carolina State University and Resources for the Future University FellowSearch for more papers by this authorH. Spencer Banzhaf, H. Spencer BanzhafSearch for more papers by this authorRandall Walsh, Randall WalshSearch for more papers by this author Holger Sieg, Holger Sieg assistant professor of Economics Duke University graduate students, Department of Economics, Duke University.Search for more papers by this authorV. Kerry Smith, V. Kerry Smith university distinguished professor North Carolina State University and Resources for the Future University FellowSearch for more papers by this authorH. Spencer Banzhaf, H. Spencer BanzhafSearch for more papers by this authorRandall Walsh, Randall WalshSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 1999 https://doi.org/10.2307/1244093Citations: 4 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume81, Issue5December 1999Pages 1112-1117 RelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={Sieg, H and Smith, VK and Banzhaf, HS and Walsh, R}, year={1999}, pages={1112–1117} }
 @article{smith_zhang_palmquist_1997, title={Marine debris, beach quality, and non-market values}, volume={10}, DOI={10.2139/ssrn.31975}, abstractNote={This paper reports the first attempt to measure the importance of controlling marine debris as an aesthetic characteristic of beaches and coastal area. The results are based on a contingent valuation survey designed to estimate the economic value people would place on controlling marine debris on recreational beaches in New Jersey and North Carolina. A Weibull survival model was estimated treating for and against votes as defining censoring points for an unknown willingness to pay distribution. The findings suggest: (1) people do distinguish situations with differing amounts of debris when they are described using color photographs; (2) the pilot survey implies measures of people's willingness to pay (WTP) for debris control are consistent with a scope test in that larger WTP is associated with programs intended to address situations for more serious background levels of debris; and (3) local beach conditions seem to influence how people interpreted the plans describing beach conditions without the proposed control programs.}, number={1997}, journal={Environmental and Resource Economics}, author={Smith, V. K. and Zhang, X. and Palmquist, R. B.}, year={1997}, pages={223–247} }
 @inbook{smith_zhang_palmquist_1997, title={The economic value of controlling marine debris}, DOI={10.1007/978-1-4613-8486-1_15}, abstractNote={Marine debris pollution became a front-page news story in the late 1980s.1 With this media attention, there has been increasing regulatory activity and some efforts to monitor the problem. In late 1987, Annex V of the international protocol for the prevention of pollution from ships (MARPOL 73/78) was ratified by the United States. Data in a National Park Service report indicate (based on 3 years of sampling at National Seashores around the United States) that amounts of debris found at five of the eight sites studies was remaining approximately constant or increasing (Cole et al. 1992).2 Thus, debris in coastal areas remains a problem.}, booktitle={Marine debris: sources, impacts, and solutions}, publisher={New York: Springer}, author={Smith, V. K. and Zhang, X. and Palmquist, R. B.}, editor={J. M. Coe and Roger, D. B.Editors}, year={1997} }
 @article{smith_1993, title={NONMARKET VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES - AN INTERPRETIVE APPRAISAL}, volume={69}, ISSN={["0023-7639"]}, DOI={10.2307/3146275}, abstractNote={This paper reviews research on nonmarket valuation. It seeks to gauge whether the methods are up to the tasks demanded of them and to identify new research priorities. The evaluation suggests that we can outline a protocol for implementing and using the methods with some resources, while for other resources our experience is still developing. Because the demands for valuation information are increasing as fast as our understanding of measurement methods is advancing, the next step in development requires defining a systematic "commodity structure" for environmental services with the needs for valuation measures providing conceptual underpinnings.}, number={1}, journal={LAND ECONOMICS}, author={SMITH, VK}, year={1993}, month={Feb}, pages={1–26} }
 @article{smith_1992, title={ENVIRONMENTAL COSTING FOR AGRICULTURE - WILL IT BE STANDARD FARE IN THE FARM BILL OF 2000}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0002-9092"]}, DOI={10.2307/1242761}, abstractNote={This paper starts by discussing and estimating the environmental costs of agricultural production. The author uses a separate benefit transfer intended to expose methodological issues to construct each cost category of agricultures's external effects. This is followed by a simple description of the framework for production decisions that account for environmental costs. Included are attribution of environmental externalities and measurement of environmental costs. Finally the author discusses research implications of environmental costing, including TQM and environmental policy analyses, environmental services and their unit values, strategies for measuring environmental values, and prognosis for agricultural adders. 42 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.}, number={5}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={SMITH, VK}, year={1992}, month={Dec}, pages={1076–1088} }
 @article{smith_1992, title={ON SEPARATING DEFENSIBLE BENEFIT TRANSFERS FROM SMOKE AND MIRRORS}, volume={28}, ISSN={["0043-1397"]}, DOI={10.1029/91WR02594}, abstractNote={Benefit transfer methods increasingly are being applied to value nonmarketed resources for both policy evaluation and natural resource damage litigation. This paper illustrates the need for guidelines for deciding when benefit transfer methods can be used to value changes in environmental resources. It begins by discussing applied economic modeling perspectives and relating them to benefit transfers as tools for evaluating policy. It reviews the history of benefit transfers and summarizes how they are typically undertaken, including the influence of the analyst's judgments on their outcome, by comparing the development of two different analyses that use benefit transfers to consider the same issue: estimating the benefits from limiting industrial effluents discharged into specific rivers. It proposes an agenda for future benefit transfer research: devising strategies for extending available benefit transfer theory, learning from existing research, and formulating transferable versus “portable” modeling strategies.}, number={3}, journal={WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH}, author={SMITH, VK}, year={1992}, month={Mar}, pages={685–694} }
 @article{smith_1990, title={ESTIMATING RECREATION DEMAND USING THE PROPERTIES OF THE IMPLIED CONSUMER SURPLUS}, volume={66}, ISSN={["0023-7639"]}, DOI={10.2307/3146360}, abstractNote={Consumer surplus estimates are random variables. While they are generally recognized as stochastic, little attention was given to their properties prior to Bockstael and Strand's (1987) evaluation of conventional practices for using recreation demand models in benefit measurement. Their paper, as well as all the research it stimulated, adopted a similar strategy, namely to judge the methods for estimating demand or random utility models based on the properties of their respective consumer surplus estimates.' This paper proposes a different strategy-to define estimators based on the properties of their implied consumer surplus estimates. This type of argument is not new and usually is associated with the rationale offered for Bayesian estimators.2 However, the motivation for the estimator proposed here can be based on minimizing the mean squared error of the consumer surplus estimates. Moreover, it can be constructed from the statistics usually reported with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates.}, number={2}, journal={LAND ECONOMICS}, author={SMITH, VK}, year={1990}, month={May}, pages={111–120} }
 @article{smith_kaoru_1990, title={SIGNALS OR NOISE - EXPLAINING THE VARIATION IN RECREATION BENEFIT ESTIMATES}, volume={72}, ISSN={["1467-8276"]}, DOI={10.2307/1242344}, abstractNote={Abstract}, number={2}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS}, author={SMITH, VK and KAORU, Y}, year={1990}, month={May}, pages={419–433} }
 @article{smith_1990, title={VALUING AMENITY RESOURCES UNDER UNCERTAINTY - A SKEPTICAL VIEW OF RECENT RESOLUTIONS}, volume={19}, ISSN={["0095-0696"]}, DOI={10.1016/0095-0696(90)90068-A}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper questions Colby and Cory's recent characterization [1987, 1988, 1989] of the appropriate benefit measures to be used to value improvements in the quantity, quality, or conditions of access to environmental resources under uncertainty. The paper uses Graham's [1981] analysis of individual and aggregate welfare measurement under uncertainty to demonstrate the problems with Colby and Cory's recommendations. It evaluates their classification of important research issues and summarizes in general terms the difficulties that arise in the practical implementation of the conceptual measures for benefits under uncertainty.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT}, author={SMITH, VK}, year={1990}, month={Sep}, pages={193–202} }
 @article{smith_1989, title={Taking stock of progress with travel cost recreation demand methods: Theory and implementation}, volume={6}, DOI={10.1086/mre.6.4.42628824}, abstractNote={This article summarizes the conceptual development and empirical implementation of the travel cost recreation demand model by (1) describing its theoretical underpinnings, (2) outlining how theory must be adapted for the needs imposed by available data, (3) explaining issues to be considered in the future. Applications of the travel cost model have evolved from studies conducted at an aggregate level with origin zone data to an almost exclusive focus on micro data concentrating on individuals' recreational choices. These applications have broad implications. They are among the most detailed and extensive illustrations of models for corner solution and discrete choice problems in microeconomics. Equally important, they explore the theoretical and practical implications of the household production framework. Finally, they also provide examples of how a commodity's quality can be considered as an argument in describing individuals' consumption choices.}, number={4}, journal={Marine Resource Economics}, author={Smith, V. K.}, year={1989}, pages={279} }