@article{morsello_beaudoin_groves_nault_kennedy_2010, title={The influence of temperature and precipitation on spring dispersal of Frankliniella fusca changes as the season progresses}, volume={134}, ISSN={["1570-7458"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00959.x}, abstractNote={Effects of temperature and precipitation on spring dispersal patterns of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) caught on yellow sticky traps were estimated in central and eastern North Carolina and eastern Virginia, USA, from 1997 to 2001, and in 2004 and 2007. Data were collected from 44 sites within 14 locations over 7 years, resulting in 30 location‐year data combinations. The following independent variables were examined to determine their relationship to the number of F. fusca caught on sticky traps during specified time intervals: cumulative degree days (base 10.5 °C) from 1 November to the start of each trapping interval (DD), number of days with temperatures favorable for flight during each trapping interval (DTFF), and an index of rainfall during specific intervals prior to and during the trapping interval (RI). Regression models that contained various combinations of these variables explained 62, 79, 74, and 68% of the variation in the number of dispersing F. fusca captured during 1–15 April, 16–30 April, 1–15 May, and 16–31 May, respectively. The results provide strong evidence that the suppressive effects of precipitation on growth of local populations developing during late winter and early spring are subsequently manifest at the landscape scale as reductions in the populations of dispersing adults that may persist for as long as 5–6 weeks after the precipitation occurs.}, number={3}, journal={ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA}, author={Morsello, Shannon C. and Beaudoin, Amanda L. P. and Groves, Russell L. and Nault, Brian A. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={2010}, month={Mar}, pages={260–271} }
 @article{nault_kennedy_2003, title={Establishment of multicolored Asian lady beetle in Eastern North Carolina: Seasonal abundance and crop exploitation within an agricultural landscape}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1573-8248"]}, DOI={10.1023/A:1024763804318}, number={4}, journal={BIOCONTROL}, author={Nault, BA and Kennedy, GG}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={363–378} }
 @article{nault_costa_kennedy_2000, title={Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) feeding, development, and survival to adulthood after continuous exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.1.149}, abstractNote={Abstract Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), feeding, development, and survival to adulthood were examined after continuously exposing large larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis-treated potato foliage from the field. In laboratory assays, the overall consumption and the length of period to become prepupae were determined for larvae, which began as 3rd and 4th instars, that were offered potato leaf disks with naturally declining levels of B. thuringiensis residue. In small-cage field experiments, survival to adulthood and the period to adult emergence for beetles confined to potato plants treated with B. thuringiensis beginning as 3rd and 4th instars also were examined. Third instars remaining on plants after a B. thuringiensis application were unlikely to feed and 4th instars consumed only ≈50% as much foliage as those fed untreated foliage. Many late instars subjected to B. thuringiensis-treated foliage failed to survive to adulthood; 58–83% of these beetles died during the larval stage. Reduced feeding and poor survival of late instars suggest that counts of large larvae after application do not provide a complete picture of the efficacy of the B. thuringiensis treatment. Late instar Colorado potato beetles that were exposed continually to naturally declining levels of B. thuringiensis-treated potato foliage took an average of 1.8–4.5 d longer to become prepupae and 4–8 d longer to emerge as adults compared with those provided with untreated foliage. Delayed emergence of adults that fed on B. thuringiensis-treated potatoes as late instars indicated that development was prolonged in these insects because of ingestion of a sublethal dose of B. thuringiensis.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Nault, BA and Costa, SD and Kennedy, GG}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={149–156} }
 @article{nault_kennedy_2000, title={Seasonal changes in habitat preference by Coleomegilla maculata: Implications for Colorado potato beetle management in potato}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1049-9644"]}, DOI={10.1006/bcon.1999.0781}, abstractNote={Abstract Seasonal abundance, dispersal, and overwintering of the 12-spotted ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), in the mid-Atlantic states were investigated to assess the potential to manipulate the habitat of this predator to increase its impact on Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), management in commercial potato plantings. C. maculata populations were highest in corn fields through August, and overwintering aggregations were found most commonly in habitats adjacent to these fields. Although adult and larval populations of C. maculata were synchronized with first-generation potato beetle eggs and small larvae, they were concentrated in wheat rather than potato fields because most of the potato plants had not yet emerged when C. maculata adults dispersed from their overwintering sites. The subsequent generation of C. maculata tended to aggregate in corn rather than potato in late May and early June. Therefore, given the current mixture of crops as well as climatic and marketing limitations on planting date for potatoes, the potential for habitat manipulation to increase the impact of C. maculata on Colorado potato beetle management in potato in the mid-Atlantic states appears to be limited.}, number={2}, journal={BIOLOGICAL CONTROL}, author={Nault, BA and Kennedy, GG}, year={2000}, month={Feb}, pages={164–173} }
 @article{nault_kennedy_1998, title={Limitations of using regression and mean separation analyses for describing the response of crop yield to defoliation: A case study of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) on potato}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/91.1.7}, abstractNote={The relationship between Irish potato tuber yield, Solanum tuberosum L., and defoliation by the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was investigated and the use of regression and mean separation analyses as a basis for developing economic injury levels were compared. The type of statistical analysis used to describe this relationship greatly affected the interpretation of data. Mean separation (=multiple-comparison) procedures were inadequate to detect accurately defoliation levels tolerated by potato, because these procedures did not have significant statistical power to detect small reductions in yield. Similarly, regression analyses failed to identify a level of defoliation tolerable to potato because a consistent biological relationship between yield and defoliation could not be determined. For example, a quadratic term (nonlinear) in the analysis of variance was significant in only 2 of 8 experiments, and the relationship between 'Atlantic' and 'Superior' yield and defoliation in these experiments was concave, indicating that yield losses were greatest at low levels of defoliation. A plateau model (nonlinear) suggested that Atlantic potato could tolerate low levels of defoliation (1.8-13% in 4 of 6 data sets), but it did not fit data for the variety Superior. Although a negative linear model provided a statistically significant fit to 7 of 8 data sets (average slopes [±SEM] for Atlantic and Superior were -0.12 ± 0.01 and -0.15 ± 0.03 T/ha per the percentage of defoliation, respectively), it is likely that a linear model underestimates the actual level of defoliation that potato can tolerate, especially at low levels. The implications of these findings for the development of economic injury levels and economic thresholds for the Colorado potato beetle on potato are discussed.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Nault, BA and Kennedy, GG}, year={1998}, month={Feb}, pages={7–20} }
 @article{nalepa_ahlstrom_nault_williams_1998, title={Mass appearance of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the North Carolina coast.}, volume={109}, number={1998}, journal={Entomological News}, author={Nalepa, C. A. and Ahlstrom, K. R. and Nault, B. and Williams, J. L.}, year={1998}, pages={277–281} }
 @article{nault_hanzlik_kennedy_1997, title={Location and abundance of adult Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) following potato harvest}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0261-2194"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00036-7}, abstractNote={Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), population biology was investigated after Irish potatoes, Solanum tuberosum (L.), were harvested in eastern North Carolina. The abundance of adult Colorado potato beetles following potato harvest was estimated by taking more than 450 visual transects in 45 commercial potato fields in July and August, 1993 and 1994. Few second- and third-generation Colorado potato beetle egg masses and larvae, volunteer potato plants and wild hosts such as horsenettle, S. carolinense L., were encountered, suggesting that Colorado potato beetle generations produced after potatoes are harvested in June and early July do not contribute significantly to the overall overwintering population. Location and abundance of overwintering adult Colorado potato beetles within the soil in fields previously planted in potato were determined. Densities of overwintering adults in soil along field edges were greater than those within fields prior to emergence in the spring, suggesting that adults moved toward field edges to overwinter. However, given that the area within potato fields was much greater than the area along field edges, the estimated total number of overwintering adults within fields was greater than along the edges. In light of these results, tillage at different times between crop production seasons was evaluated for its effect on overwintering Colorado potato beetle survival, but was found to have little effect.}, number={6}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Nault, BA and Hanzlik, MW and Kennedy, GG}, year={1997}, month={Sep}, pages={511–518} }
 @article{nault_kennedy_1996, title={Sequential Sampling Plans for Use in Timing Insecticide Applications for Control of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Potato}, volume={89}, ISSN={1938-291X 0022-0493}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/89.6.1468}, DOI={10.1093/jee/89.6.1468}, abstractNote={Sequential sampling plans were developed for use in recommending control of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in potato, Solanum tuberosum L., fields based on the distribution of damaged stems. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that the beta-binomial distribution (aggregated) provided a better fit than the binomial (random) when the mean percentage of damaged stems in a field was ≥6%, but not when damage was <6%. Similarly, variance-ratio ( D ) and C ( a ) tests indicated that damage was aggregated generally at damage levels ≥6%. Because the slope ( b ) ± SEM of the binary form of the Taylor power law (1.15 ± 0.05) (total of 41 fields) revealed moderate overdispersion, and a weak linear relationship existed between the index of aggregation ( θ ) and p , sequential sampling plans were evaluated under various degrees of aggregation. The precision and practicality of the sequential sampling plans were evaluated through calculation of operational characteristic and average sample number functions for both simulated binomial and beta-binomial distributions. Precision of the sequential sampling plans decreased as the aggregation of O. nubilalis damage increased, especially when the proportion of damaged stems was near threshold. However, needed to make the decision.}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, publisher={Oxford University Press (OUP)}, author={Nault, Brian A. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1996}, month={Dec}, pages={1468–1476} }
 @article{nault_kennedy_1996, title={Timing insecticide applications for managing European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) infestations in potato}, volume={15}, ISSN={0261-2194}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(96)00012-9}, DOI={10.1016/0261-2194(96)00012-9}, abstractNote={European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), management using insecticides was investigated in Irish potato, Solatium tuberosum L, in eastern North Carolina. Additionally, activity of corn borer larvae on untreated ‘Kennebec’ potato plants was evaluated. Corn borer larvae produced new tunnels at the same rate throughout their development and ultimately produced 4.7 ± 0.4 (mean ± SEM) tunnels per plant per larva. Thus, for any given corn borer infestation level, estimates of damage to the crop will increase as the season progresses. Application timing of carbofuran, methamidophos and esfenvalerate were evaluated for control of corn borer damage in ‘Atlantic’ potato. The type and rate of insecticide and the level of corn borer damage at the time of application affected the level of damage at the end of the season. The greatest reduction in damage occurred when the insecticide was applied when many neonates were observed penetrating the plant. A single application of either carbofuran (1.12 kg a.i. ha−1) or methamidophos (0.84 or 1.12 kg a.i. ha−1) when ≈20–40% of the stems are damaged in early May should improve European corn borer management in potato.}, number={5}, journal={Crop Protection}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Nault, Brian A. and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1996}, month={Aug}, pages={465–471} }
 @article{nault_follett_gould_kennedy_1995, title={Assessing compensation for insect damage in mixed plantings of resistant and susceptible potatoes}, volume={72}, ISSN={0003-0589 1874-9380}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02849351}, DOI={10.1007/BF02849351}, number={3}, journal={American Potato Journal}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Nault, Brian A. and Follett, Peter A. and Gould, Fred and Kennedy, George G.}, year={1995}, month={Mar}, pages={157–176} }