@article{nietschke_borchert_magarey_ciomperlik_2008, title={Climatological potential for Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) establishment in the United States}, volume={91}, ISSN={["1938-5102"]}, DOI={10.1653/0015-4040(2008)091[0079:CPFSDT]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Scirtothrips dorsalis is a serious exotic pest that has recently become established in the continental United States. It is of major concern to regulatory agencies because it has a wide host range and high reproductive potential. A weather-based mapping tool, NAPPFAST, was used to predict potential establishment of S. dorsalis in North America. The analysis was based on a degree-day model and cold temperature survival of S. dorsalis. The results demonstrated that S. dorsalis could potentially produce up to 18 generations and was likely to survive in the southern and western coastal plains of the United States. It is concluded that S. dorsalis is likely to be a serious economic pest in the southern United States. Additional maps and information are available at the web site (http//www.nappfast.org).}, number={1}, journal={FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={Nietschke, Brett S. and Borchert, Daniel M. and Magarey, Roger D. and Ciomperlik, Matthew A.}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={79–86} }
 @article{magarey_borchert_schlegel_2008, title={GLOBAL PLANT HARDINESS ZONES FOR PHYTOSANITARY RISK ANALYSIS}, volume={65}, ISSN={["1678-992X"]}, DOI={10.1590/S0103-90162008000700009}, abstractNote={Plant hardiness zones are widely used for selection of perennial plants and for phytosanitary risk analysis. The most widely used definition of plant hardiness zones (United States Department of Agriculture National Arboretum) is based on average annual extreme minimum temperature. There is a need for a global plant hardiness map to standardize the comparison of zones for phytosanitary risk analysis. Two data sets were used to create global hardiness zones: i) Climate Research Unit (CRU) 1973-2002 monthly data set; and ii) the Daily Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). The CRU monthly data set was downscaled to five-minute resolution and a cubic spline was used to convert the monthly values into daily values. The GHCN data were subjected to a number of quality control measures prior to analysis. Least squares regression relationships were developed using GHCN and derived lowest average daily minimum temperature data and average annual extreme minimum temperatures. Error estimate statistics were calculated from the numerical difference between the estimated value for the grid and the station. The mean absolute error for annual extreme minimum temperature was 1.9ºC (3.5ºF) and 2/3 of the stations were classified into the correct zone.}, journal={SCIENTIA AGRICOLA}, author={Magarey, Roger D. and Borchert, Daniel M. and Schlegel, Jay W.}, year={2008}, pages={54–59} }
 @article{nietschke_magarey_borchert_calvin_jones_2007, title={A developmental database to support insect phenology models}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.006}, abstractNote={Insect phenology models are widely used for decision support in pest management and more recently in phytosanitary risk assessments. The development of generic and flexible modeling tools means that phenology models can be quickly created using an insect's developmental threshold temperatures and degree-day requirements. To assist scientists and field practioners in the rapid development and deployment of phenology models, an Insect Development Database containing the developmental requirements for over 500 insect species was created.}, number={9}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Nietschke, Brett S. and Magarey, Roger D. and Borchert, Daniel M. and Calvin, Dennis D. and Jones, Edward}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={1444–1448} }
 @article{borchert_walgenbach_kennedy_2005, title={Assessment of sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)}, volume={98}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-98.3.765}, abstractNote={Journal Article Assessment of Sublethal Effects of Methoxyfenozide on Oriental Fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Get access Daniel M. Borchert, Daniel M. Borchert Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27665 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James F. Walgenbach, James F. Walgenbach 1 Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27665 1Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, Fletcher, NC 28732 (e-mail:jim_walgenbach@ncsu.edu). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George G. Kennedy George G. Kennedy Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27665 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 98, Issue 3, 1 June 2005, Pages 765–771, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-98.3.765 Published: 01 June 2005 Article history Received: 15 June 2004 Accepted: 11 January 2005 Published: 01 June 2005}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Borchert, DM and Walgenbach, JF and Kennedy, GG}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={765–771} }
 @article{kovanci_walgenbach_kennedy_borchert_2004, title={Evaluation of extended-season mating disruption of the Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lep., Tortricidae) in apples}, volume={128}, ISSN={["1439-0418"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1439-0418.2004.00906.x}, abstractNote={Abstract: Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lep., Tortricidae) has recently become a key pest of apples throughout the eastern USA. Pheromone‐mediated mating disruption of Oriental fruit moth was successfully used in North Carolina apple orchards in the past few years. However, low levels of late‐season fruit damage occurred in some orchards treated in late May with hand‐applied pheromone dispensers because of inadequate dispenser longevity. To investigate alternative pheromone application schedules for extended mating disruption control, the following pheromone treatments were compared with conventional insecticides in Henderson County (NC) in 2002: late May application of hand‐applied dispensers; late June application of hand‐applied dispensers; late May application of hand‐applied dispensers supplemented with a late August application of sprayable pheromone dispensers; late May application of hand‐applied dispensers which have a longer activity period; and conventional insecticides as a control. All treatments were sprayed with an insecticide at petal fall in late April for thinning and for control of the first generation Oriental fruit moth adults. Pheromone trap catches were significantly reduced in all mating disruption blocks compared with conventional insecticide blocks. Among pheromone treatments, the highest trap captures were recorded in the delayed hand‐applied dispenser treatment in June before treatment. However, the mean percentage fruit damage did not vary with timing of application of hand‐applied dispensers and the type of pheromone dispenser used. Clearly, the combination of each mating disruption treatment with insecticide application against first generation Oriental fruit moth was as effective as the conventional insecticide treatment under moderate population pressure.}, number={9-10}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Kovanci, OB and Walgenbach, JF and Kennedy, GG and Borchert, D}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={664–669} }
 @article{borchert_stinner_walgenbach_kennedy_2004, title={Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) phenology and management with methoxyfenozide in North Carolina apples}, volume={97}, DOI={10.1093/jee/97.4.1353}, abstractNote={The phenology of oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), on apple (Malus spp.) in North Carolina was studied using pheromone traps and egg sampling in abandoned and commercial orchards in 2000 and 2001, with subsequent development of an oviposition degree-day model and management studies in relation to codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), phenology. Oriental fruit moth eggs were found in greater numbers on leaves early and on fruit later in the growing season, on the top versus the bottom of the leaf surface, and on the calyx area versus the side or stem end of the fruit. A degree-day (DD) model to predict oriental fruit moth oviposition was developed based on temperature accumulations from peak moth trap capture of the first (overwintering) generation, by using 7.2 and 32.2 degrees C as the temperature limits. The model predicted four ovipositing generations of oriental fruit moth with the second beginning 507 DD after peak moth catch. Using predictions of the oriental fruit moth and codling moth degree-day oviposition models, an experiment was conducted to determine the level of second generation oriental fruit moth control with methoxyfenozide applied under different scenarios for first generation codling moth. Methoxyfenozide was equally effective in managing codling moth and oriental fruit moth for all treatment timings.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, author={Borchert, D. M. and Stinner, R. E. and Walgenbach, J. F. and Kennedy, George}, year={2004}, pages={1353–1364} }
 @article{borchert_walgenbach_kennedy_long_2004, title={Toxicity and residual activity of methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide to codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)}, volume={97}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-97.4.1342}, abstractNote={A series of studies were conducted to examine the residual activity and toxicity of the ecdysone agonists tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide to codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in North Carolina apple systems. Methoxyfenozide exhibited greater activity than tebufenozide against codling moth eggs in dose-response bioassays, with a 4.5- and 5.3-fold lower LC50 value to eggs laid on fruit treated before or after oviposition, respectively. Oriental fruit moth eggs were 57- and 12-fold less sensitive to methoxyfenozide than were codling moth eggs on fruit treated before and after oviposition, respectively. Methoxyfenozide was effective in reducing larval entries of both codling moth and oriental fruit moth in field residual activity bioassays, exhibiting activity for at least 28 d after application. Residue breakdown on fruit was ≈80% at 28 d after treatment for both methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, with the most rapid residue decline (60%) occurring during the first 14 d after application. Two applications of methoxyfenozide applied at 14-d intervals provided better canopy coverage and higher residue levels than one application. Spray volume (683 versus 2,057 liters/ha) did not affect the efficacy of methoxyfenozide. Leaf and fruit expansion during the season was measured to determine potential plant-growth dilution effects on residual activity. There was very little increase in leaf area after mid May, but increase in fruit surface area over the season was described by a second order polynomial regression. Implications for codling moth and oriental fruit moth management programs are discussed.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Economic Entomology}, author={Borchert, D. M. and Walgenbach, James and Kennedy, George and Long, J. W.}, year={2004}, pages={1342–1352} }
 @article{suh_orr_van duyn_borchert_2002, title={Influence of cotton microhabitat on temperature and survival of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) within cardboard capsules}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.361}, abstractNote={Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the most suitable release sites in cotton for inundatively released encapsulated Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner. Atypical applications of a plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (Pix), were used to manipulate cotton plant size and canopy closure to produce a range of plant sizes that might be present in North Carolina when Trichogramma releases for suppression of third-generation (F3) heliothines were made. Pix treatments had a significant effect on canopy closure, which significantly influenced the number of hours soil surface temperatures between rows were ≥35°C. The mean daily number of hours temperatures were ≥35°C was greatest on the soil surface between rows, followed by in the canopy, then soil surface within rows. A significant correlation between the number of hours preimaginal Trichogramma were exposed to temperatures ≥35°C and Trichogramma emergence was found in 1997. Consequently, suitability of the soil surface as a release site for Trichogramma capsules depended significantly on the level of canopy closure, location of capsules relative to the center of rows, and length of time capsules remained in the field before parasitoid emergence. Our results indicate that these factors should be considered when implementing augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps in cotton.}, number={2}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Suh, CPC and Orr, DB and Van Duyn, JW and Borchert, DM}, year={2002}, month={Apr}, pages={361–366} }
 @article{borchert_walgenbach_2000, title={Comparison of pheromone-mediated mating disruption and conventional insecticides for management of tufted apple bud moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)}, volume={93}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.769}, abstractNote={Journal Article Comparison of Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption and Conventional Insecticides for Management of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Get access Daniel M. Borchert, Daniel M. Borchert Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, 2016 Fanning Bridge Road, Fletcher, NC 28732 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James F. Walgenbach James F. Walgenbach Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center, 2016 Fanning Bridge Road, Fletcher, NC 28732 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 93, Issue 3, 1 June 2000, Pages 769–776, https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.3.769 Published: 01 June 2000}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Borchert, DM and Walgenbach, JF}, year={2000}, month={Jun}, pages={769–776} }
 @article{suh_orr_van duyn_borchert_2000, title={Trichogramma exiguum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) releases in North Carolina cotton: Evaluation of heliothine pest suppression}, volume={93}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-93.4.1127}, abstractNote={Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to reevaluate the use of augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps for heliothine management in cotton. In 1996, nine releases of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner, spaced 3-4 d apart, were made into three 0.4-ha cotton plots. Six weekly releases were made in 1997, each containing two T. exiguum cohorts developmentally staggered by 45 degrees C degree-days. Field release rates, estimated from laboratory and field quality control data, averaged 108,357 T. exiguum female female per hectare per cohort per release in 1996 and 193,366 female female per hectare per cohort per release in 1997. In 1996, mean +/- SD adult emergence under laboratory conditions for released cohorts was 92 +/- 7%; 62 +/- 5% of emerged adults were females, 3 +/- 2% of females displayed brachyptery (nonfunctional wings), mean female longevity under laboratory conditions was 15 +/- 4 d, and mean +/- SD field emergence was 97 +/- 2%. Quality control measurements were similar in 1997. In 1996, mean +/- SD percent parasitism of heliothine eggs in field plots on the sampled dates ranged from 67 +/- 4 to 83 +/- 5% in T. exiguum release plots and 25 +/- 9 to 55 +/- 8% in control plots. In 1997, parasitism levels ranged from 74 +/- 4 to 89 +/- 5% in T. exiguum release plots and 18 +/- 18 to 69 +/- 11% in control plots. Despite increased parasitism levels in T. exiguum release plots, there were no significant differences in density of fifth instars, boll damage, or yield between T. exiguum release and control plots. Therefore, it is concluded that Trichogramma augmentation is not an effective heliothine management tool in North Carolina cotton.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Suh, CPC and Orr, DB and Van Duyn, JW and Borchert, DM}, year={2000}, month={Aug}, pages={1127–1136} }