@article{askew_bailey_scott_wilcut_2002, title={Economic assessment of weed management for transgenic and nontransgenic cotton in tilled and nontilled systems}, volume={50}, ISSN={["0043-1745"]}, DOI={10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0512:EAOWMF]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Studies were conducted to evaluate weed management programs in nontransgenic, bromoxynil-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant cotton in nontilled and tilled environments. Tillage did not affect weed control provided by herbicides. Early-season stunting in nontilled cotton was 3% regardless of the herbicide system and was no longer evident at midseason. Cotton yield was 10 to 15% greater, on an average, under tilled conditions than that under nontilled conditions. Excellent (> 90%) common lambsquarters, entireleaf morningglory, ivyleaf morningglory, jimsonweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, tall morningglory, and velvetleaf control was achieved with treatments containing pyrithiobac, bromoxynil, and glyphosate. Preemergence (PRE) or postemergence-directed (PD) herbicide inputs were necessary for adequate large crabgrass and goosegrass control. Bromoxynil and pyrithiobac postemergence did not control sicklepod unless supplemented with MSMA and followed by a late-postdirected treatment of cyanazine plus MSMA. Treatments that included glyphosate controlled sicklepod regardless of the late-PD treatment. Economic returns were at least $930 ha−1 and not different from the higher yielding programs in nontransgenic cotton when fluometuron applied PRE was included in the bromoxynil programs. Late-season weed control was usually greater than 90% from glyphosate programs, and net returns from glyphosate programs were as high or higher than the net returns from programs that used midseason treatments of bromoxynil, pyrithiobac, or fluometuron plus MSMA. Nomenclature: Bromoxynil; cyanazine; fluometuron; glyphosate; MSMA; pendimethalin; pyrithiobac; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray IPOHG; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEIN; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. IPOHE; jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L. DATST; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. SIDSP; sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barnaby CASOB; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea L. PHBPU; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus ABUTH; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Paymaster 1330RR’, ‘Stoneville BXN47’, ‘Stoneville 474’.}, number={4}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Askew, SD and Bailey, WA and Scott, GH and Wilcut, JW}, year={2002}, pages={512–520} }
 @article{scott_askew_wilcut_bennett_2002, title={Economic evaluation of HADSS (TM) computer program in North Carolina peanut}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0091:EEOHCP]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted at four locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate a computer program, Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS™), for weed management in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Weed management systems included metolachlor or ethalfluralin preplant-incorporated (PPI) used alone or in combination with diclosulam preemergence (PRE) or flumioxazin PRE. These herbicide combinations were used alone, followed by (fb) postemergence (POST) herbicides recommended by HADSS™ or fb a standard POST program of paraquat plus bentazon early postemergence (EPOST) fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. The standard POST herbicide system and HADSS™ POST recommendations were also used without soil-applied herbicides. Ethalfluralin PPI alone controlled large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) better than metolachlor PPI. Combinations of metolachlor or ethalfluralin PPI with either diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE provided equivalent control of all weeds evaluated except yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). The addition of diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE to systems containing metolachlor or ethalfluralin PPI always improved control of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) and yellow nutsedge and improved yield and net returns in 15 of 16 comparisons where no POST herbicides were used. For systems that used diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE, the HADSS™ POST and standard POST herbicide systems improved yield in 4 of 12 and 2 of 12 comparisons, respectively, compared with similar systems that did not use diclosulam or flumioxazin. However, in systems using either HADSS™ POST or the standard POST system, yield was always improved when compared with metolachlor or ethalfluralin PPI alone. HADSS™ POST provided equal or higher weed control, peanut yield, and net returns when compared with the standard POST herbicide system. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; bentazon; ethalfluralin; metolachlor; paraquat; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPES; peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘NC 7’ and ‘NC 10C’.}, number={1}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Wilcut, JW and Bennett, AC}, year={2002}, pages={91–100} }
 @article{scott_askew_wilcut_2002, title={Glyphosate systems for weed control in glyphosate-tolerant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0191:GSFWCI]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Field studies were conducted at three locations in North Carolina to evaluate clomazone preemergence (PRE) in glyphosate-tolerant cotton. Cotton was injured by fluometuron PRE at one location. Clomazone PRE controlled common ragweed, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and prickly sida better than trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI). Trifluralin controlled Palmer amaranth better than clomazone. The addition of a late post-directed (LAYBY) treatment of cyanazine plus MSMA improved the control of goosegrass. Glyphosate at 0.8 kg ai/ha, used postemergence as needed, controlled tall morningglory and entireleaf morningglory at least 84%. Common ragweed was controlled with all herbicides, except trifluralin PPI. Prickly sida was controlled 94% or greater in glyphosate-containing systems. Cotton yields and net returns were similar for all glyphosate systems, regardless of soil-applied herbicides and LAYBY treatment options. Nomenclature: Clomazone; cyanazine; fluometuron; glyphosate; MSMA; trifluralin; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. #3 AMBEL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats # AMAPA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth # PHBPU; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Paymaster 1330RR’, ‘DP5415RR’. Additional index words: Economic analysis, herbicide-resistant crops. Abbreviations: ANS, as needed spray; DAP, days after planting; EPOST, early postemergence; fb, followed by; LAYBY, late post directed; POST, postemergence; POT, postemergence over-the-top; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence.}, number={1}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Wilcut, JW}, year={2002}, pages={191–198} }
 @article{scott_askew_bennett_wilcut_2001, title={Economic evaluation of HADSS (TM) computer program for weed management in nontransgenic and transgenic cotton}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0549:EEOHCP]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted at four locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the use of the Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS™) for weed management in nontransgenic, bromoxynil-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant cotton. Weed management systems included trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI) plus fluometuron preemergence (PRE) or no soil-applied herbicides. Postemergence (POST) options included bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac early POST (EPOST) followed by (fb) MSMA plus prometryn late postemergence–directed (LAYBY) or herbicide recommendations given by HADSS. Glyphosate-resistant systems provided control equivalent to or better than control provided by bromoxynil-resistant and nontransgenic systems for smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, goosegrass, ivyleaf morningglory, and fall panicum. Trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb HADSS POST provided equivalent or higher levels of weed control and yield than trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac EPOST fb MSMA plus prometryn LAYBY. The trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb HADSS POST systems controlled large crabgrass at Goldsboro and fall panicum better than HADSS POST-only systems in nontransgenic cotton. Cotton yield and net returns in the glyphosate-resistant systems were always equal to or higher than the nontransgenic and bromoxynil-resistant systems. Net returns were higher for the soil-applied fb HADSS POST treatments in 8 of 12 comparisons with HADSS POST systems without soil-applied herbicides. Early-season weed interference reduced cotton lint yields and net returns in POST-only systems. Nomenclature: Bromoxynil; fluometuron; glyphosate; MSMA; prometryn; pyrithiobac; trifluralin; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Deltapine 51’, ‘BXN 47’, ‘Deltapine 5415RR’; fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. PANDI; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEIN; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH.}, number={4}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Bennett, AC and Wilcut, JW}, year={2001}, pages={549–557} }
 @article{scott_askew_wilcut_2001, title={Economic evaluation of diclosulam and flumioxazin systems in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)}, volume={15}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0360:EEODAF]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract: Field studies were conducted at two locations in North Carolina in 1998 and in 1999 to evaluate weed control and peanut response following diclosulam at 27 g ai/ha preemergence (PRE) or flumioxazin at 87 g ai/ha preemergence (PRE) alone and in systems with postemergence (POST) commercial standards. All plots received a preplant incorporated (PPI) treatment of metolachlor at 1,400 g ai/ha. Metolachlor PPI plus diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE controlled common lambsquarters, common ragweed, entireleaf morningglory, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge as well as or better than metolachlor PPI followed by (fb) acifluorfen plus bentazon POST or paraquat plus bentazon early postemergence fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. Metolachlor PPI plus diclosulam PRE or flumioxazin PRE controlled ivyleaf morningglory as well as metolachlor PPI fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. Metolachlor PPI plus flumioxazin PRE controlled common lambsquarters better than metolachlor PPI plus diclosulam PRE while diclosulam PRE controlled common ragweed better. There was no difference in common lambsquarters control between flumioxazin and diclosulam PRE when POST herbicides were used. There was only one difference in peanut yield and net returns between metolachlor PPI fb either diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE when POST herbicides were used. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; bentazon; diclosulam; flumioxazin; metolachlor; paraquat; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. # AMBEL; entireleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula Gray # IPOHG; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop. # DIGSA; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., ‘NC 7’, ‘NC 10C’. Additional index words: Economic analysis, acifluorfen, bentazon, paraquat. Abbreviations: EPOST, early postemergence; fb, followed by; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Wilcut, JW}, year={2001}, pages={360–364} }
 @article{scott_askew_wilcut_brownie_2000, title={Datura stramonium interference and seed rain in Gossypium hirsutum}, volume={48}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/0043-1745(2000)048[0613:DSIASR]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1999 at the Central Crops Research Station near Clayton, NC, to evaluate density-dependent effects of Datura stramonium on weed growth and seed rain and Gossypium hirsutum growth and yield. Datura stramonium height was not affected by density in either year. Crop height never exceeded weed height during the growing season, indicating that competition for light occurred between the two species. Eight weeks after planting or later, G. hirsutum height decreased as D. stramonium density increased. An increase in D. stramonium density from 1 to 32 plants (9.1 m of row)−1 resulted in a decrease in capsule production per plant of 92 and 60 in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Total D. stramonium dry weight per 9.1 m of row increased via a quadratic relationship as weed density increased. Gossypium hirsutum lint yields decreased as D. stramonium biomass and density increased in both years. Estimated yield losses of 10 and 25% were caused by D. stramonium at 0.5 and 1.5 plants (9.1 m of row)−1 (572 and 1,716 plants ha−1), respectively, in 1998 and 0.6 and 1.8 plants (9.1 m of row)−1 (690 and 2,060 plants ha−1), respectively, in 1999. Nomenclature: Datura stramonium L. DATST, jimsonweed; Gossypium hirsutum L., ‘Deltapine 51’, cotton.}, number={5}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Wilcut, JW and Brownie, C}, year={2000}, pages={613–617} }
 @article{scott_askew_wilcut_bailey_1999, title={Command 3ME and Roundup Ultra systems for Roundup Ready cotton}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Scott, G. H. and Askew, S. D. and Wilcut, J. W. and Bailey, W. A.}, year={1999}, pages={734} }
 @article{askew_wilcut_bailey_scott_1999, title={Competition and proliferation of four smartweed species in cotton}, volume={1}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Askew, S. D. and Wilcut, J. W. and Bailey, W. A. and Scott, G. H.}, year={1999}, pages={753–754} }
 @article{scott_wilcut_wilkerson_1999, title={Cotton herb: a new decision making tool for weed management in cotton}, volume={1}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Scott, G. H. and Wilcut, J. W. and Wilkerson, G. G.}, year={1999}, pages={752–753} }
 @article{askew_wilcut_bailey_scott_1999, title={Weed management in conventional and no-tillage cotton using BXN, Roundup Ready, and staple OT systems}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Askew, S. D. and Wilcut, J. W. and Bailey, W. A. and Scott, G. H.}, year={1999}, pages={743–744} }
 @article{wilcut_askew_scott_bailey_1999, title={Weed management in strip-tillage Roundup Ready cotton}, number={1999}, journal={Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Proceedings}, author={Wilcut, J. W. and Askew, S. D. and Scott, G. H. and Bailey, W. A.}, year={1999}, pages={734} }