@article{bullions_wei_porbeni_gerber_peet_balik_white_tonelli_2002, title={Reorganization of the structures, morphologies, and conformations of bulk polymers via coalescence from polymer-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds}, volume={40}, ISSN={["1099-0488"]}, DOI={10.1002/polb.10152}, abstractNote={AbstractBulk poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) samples have been produced by the coalescence of their segregated, extended chains from the narrow channels of the crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) formed between the γ‐cyclodextrin (CD) host and PET and PC guests, which are reported for the first time. Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray observations of PET and PC samples coalesced from their crystalline γ‐CD‐ICs suggest structures and morphologies that are different from those of samples obtained by ordinary solution and melt processing techniques. For example, as‐received PC is generally amorphous with a glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of about 150 °C; when cast from tetrahydrofuran solutions, PC is semicrystalline with a melting temperature (Tm) of about 230 °C; and after PC/γ‐CD‐IC is washed with hot water for the removal of the host γ‐CD and for the coalescence of the guest PC chains, it is semicrystalline but has an elevated Tm value of about 245 °C. PC crystals formed upon the coalescence of highly extended and segregated PC chains from the narrow channels in the γ‐CD host lattice are possibly more chain‐extended and certainly more stable than chain‐folded PC crystals grown from solution. Melting the PC crystals formed by coalescence from PC/γ‐CD‐IC produces a normal amorphous PC melt that, upon cooling, results in typical glassy PC. PET coalesced from its γ‐CD‐IC crystals, although also semicrystalline, displays a Tm value only marginally elevated from that of typical bulk or solution‐crystallized PET samples. However, after the melting of γ‐CD‐IC‐coalesced PET crystals, it is difficult to quench the resultant PET melt into the usual amorphous PET glass, characterized by a Tg value of about 80 °C. Instead, the coalesced PET melt rapidly recrystallizes during the attempted quench, and so upon reheating, it displays neither a Tg nor a crystallization exotherm but simply remelts at the as‐coalesced Tm. This behavior is unaffected by the coalesced PET sample being held above Tm for 2 h, indicating that the extended, unentangled nature of the chains in the noncrystalline regions of the coalesced PET are not easily converted into the completely disordered, randomly coiled, entangled melt. Apparently, the highly extended, unentangled characters of the PC and PET chains in their γ‐CD‐ICs are at least partially retained after they are coalesced. Initial differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray observations are described here. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 992–1012, 2002}, number={10}, journal={JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS}, author={Bullions, TA and Wei, M and Porbeni, FE and Gerber, MJ and Peet, J and Balik, M and White, JL and Tonelli, AE}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={992–1012} }
 @article{huang_gerber_taylor_lu_tapaszi_wutkowski_hill_lewis_harvey_herndon_et al._2001, title={Creation of novel polymer materials by processing with inclusion compounds}, volume={176}, ISSN={["1022-1360"]}, DOI={10.1002/1521-3900(200112)176:1<129::AID-MASY129>3.0.CO;2-M}, abstractNote={The processing of polymer materials from their inclusion compounds (ICs) formed with urea (U) and cyclodextrin (CD) hosts is described. Several examples are presented and serve to demonstrate the fabrication of unique polymer-polymer composites and blends, including intimate blends of normally incompatible polymers, and the delivery of additives to polymers by means of embedding polymer- or additive-U and CD- ICs into carrier polymer films and fibers, followed by coalescence of the IC guest, or by coalescence of two polymers or a polymer and an additive from their common CD-IC crystals.}, journal={MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA}, author={Huang, L and Gerber, M and Taylor, H and Lu, J and Tapaszi, E and Wutkowski, M and Hill, M and Lewis, C and Harvey, A and Herndon, A and et al.}, year={2001}, month={Nov}, pages={129–144} }
 @article{huang_gerber_taylor_lu_tapaszi_wutkowski_hill_funahlee_harvey_rusa_et al._2001, title={Creation of polymer films with novel structures and properties by processing with inclusion compounds}, volume={790}, DOI={10.1021/bk-2001-0790.ch014}, abstractNote={We have begun to fabricate polymer films whose compositions, structures, and properties may be developed and controlled during their formation with inclusion compounds (ICs). ICs formed with either urea(U) or cyclodextrin(CD) hosts and containing guest polymers or small-molecule additives are embedded into carrier polymer films either by solution casting or melt pressing methods. Once embedded, the IC crystals are left undisturbed or are disrupted by solvent treatment, which removes the host (U or CD), but not the carrier polymer nor the coalesced IC-guest. In this manner polymer-polymer composite and additive-filled films have been fabricated. Employment of polymer-U or CD-ICs produces composite films containing two different polymers or two populations of the same polymer. In the latter case, the morphologies of the carrier and IC-coalesced chains may differ, because of chain-folded and chain-extended crystallization, respectively. We may, for example, control film permeabilities by either controlling the compositions or the morphologies of}, journal={ACS Symposium Series}, author={Huang, L. and Gerber, M. and Taylor, H. and Lu, J. and Tapaszi, E. and Wutkowski, M. and Hill, M. and Funahlee, F. N. and Harvey, A. and Rusa, C. C. and et al.}, year={2001} }
 @article{huang_taylor_gerber_orndorff_horton_tonelli_1999, title={Formation of antibiotic, biodegradable/bioabsorbable polymers by processing with neomycin sulfate and its inclusion compound with beta-cyclodextrin}, volume={74}, ISSN={["0021-8995"]}, DOI={10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19991024)74:4<937::AID-APP20>3.0.CO;2-K}, abstractNote={Samples of pure neomycin sulfate and its inclusion compound (IC) with β-cyclodextrin were implanted into films of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL). Both polymers have been widely used commercially to make sutures. The antibacterial activity of these films against Escherichia coli was tested. Films made by either solution casting or melt pressing were divided into the following three groups: (1) plain polymer films, (2) those embedded with pure neomycin sulfate, and (3) those embedded with neomycin sulfate-β-cyclodextrin IC. Filter paper treated with 1.5 μL of 10 mg/μL Kanamycin and neomycin were used as controls and resulted in 11- and 8-mm zones of inhibition/or antibacterial activity, respectively. Small discs (ca. 2% of total area) cut from solution-cast films of PLLA and PCL containing 50 wt % neomycin sulfate IC had 17- and 16-mm zones of inhibition, and PLLA and PCL containing 50 wt % pure neomycin sulfate deterred bacterial growth, resulting in 19-mm zones of inhibition. Melt-pressed films containing 10 wt % pure neomycin sulfate or its IC, showed 17- and 11-mm zones of inhibition for PLLA films, respectively, while PCL films showed 13- and 9-mm zones of inhibition, respectively. For melt-pressed films that contain 0.01 wt % pure neomycin sulfate or its IC, PLLA films showed 11- and 9.5-mm zones of inhibition, respectively, while PCL films showed 11- and 10-mm zones of inhibition, respectively. Since an antibiotic, bioabsorbable suture does not require surgical removal, implanting an inclusion compound in the suture might allow the slow release of antibiotic, thereby guarding against postsurgical infection and also protecting the antibiotic from degradation during the melt-spinning process used to make the suture. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 937–947, 1999}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}, author={Huang, L and Taylor, H and Gerber, M and Orndorff, PE and Horton, JR and Tonelli, A}, year={1999}, month={Oct}, pages={937–947} }