@article{rotstein_harms_lovewell_hohn_2007, title={Gastric leiomyoma in a free-living Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)}, volume={160}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.160.4.130}, abstractNote={NEOPLASMS in free-living cetaceans are not commonly found, which may reflect the difficulty of assessing animals that usually die in the aquatic environment, negating any postmortem examination or resulting in an advanced state of autolysis. Individual or, occasionally, clusters of neoplasms such as fibroleiomyomas in Beluga whales (Mikaelian and others 2000) have been reported. Tumour types include epithelial, mesenchymal and, less commonly, neuroendocrine tumours (Gulland and others 2001). Renal adenoma, reticuloendotheliosis, lymphosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic adenoma have been reported in Atlantic bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (Gulland and others 2001). Mesenchymal tumours are less common in the species; leiomyomas of the digestive tract have been recorded only in single individuals, including in the intestine of an Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) (Geraci and others 1987) and in the stomach of a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) (Cowan and others 1986). This short communication details the gross, histological and immunohistochemical findings of a gastric leiomyoma in an Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin. An emaciated, adult, male Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, 268 cm in length and weighing 262·2 kg, was stranded dead off the coast of North Carolina, USA. Postmortem examination revealed lesions in the digestive, musculoskeletal, urogenital and endocrine systems. Specific gross findings were left mandibular swelling, urinary calculi in the penile urethra, focal proliferations on the penis, adrenocortical cysts, serous atrophy, a healed costal fracture and gastric trematodiasis. In the pylorus, there was a focal intramural mass measuring 3·0 cm x 2·0 cm x 2·0 cm, which was ulcerated on the mucosal surface, although luminal circumference was not reduced (Fig 1). On the cut surface, the mass was firm and white. Gastric contents were absent save for a bilious fluid. Representative sections were collected in 10 per cent formalin and processed routinely. Histologically, lesions were found in the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, musculoskeletal and urogenital tracts. Specific microscopic findings unrelated to the pyloric mass included myocarditis, aortitis, pulmonary oedema, gastric trematodiasis (Braunina cordiformis), colitis, hepatic haemosiderosis, proliferative balanitis, urethritis, focal mandibular callus (present before fracture) and adrenocortical cysts. The pyloric mass was composed of plump spindyloid cells forming interlacing bundles (Fig 2a). Cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and small, elongated nuclei, with minimal anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Mitoses were not observed. Moderate inflammation was evident, associated with plasma cells and macrophages. Based upon the histological findings, two differential diagnoses for the neoplasm were proposed: leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Immunohistochemical stains were applied to identify the tumours, including the myogenic markers smooth muscle actin (SMA), muscle-specific actin (MSA) and desmin (Des), as well as cytokine markers (c-kit) and neurogenic markers (S-100). Results of staining indicated positive intracytoplasmic staining for SMA (Fig 2b) and MSA (Fig 2c), rare positive intracytoplasmic staining for c-kit and S-100, and negative staining for desmin. A leiomyoma was therefore diagnosed. Leiomyomas, which are of smooth muscle origin, exhibit positive immunohistochemical staining for SMA, MSA and desmin; however, in one study of dogs, only 62 per cent of the tumours were positive for desmin and 97 per cent were positive for SMA (Frost and others 2003). Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are proposed to arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal and exhibit positive staining for c-kit, a protooncogene that encodes for a transmembrane tyrosine kinase. Infrequent staining is observed with SMA, MSA and S-100 (Frost and others 2003). Gastrointestinal stromal tumours have been reported in human beings, dogs and horses. The gastric leiomyoma in this case was an incidental finding; the animal is likely to have died from the combination FIG 1: Tumour found in the pylorus of an Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in which the tunica media is expanded by a well-demarcated nodule (white line); the arrow indicates the gastric mucosa}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Rotstein, D. S. and Harms, C. A. and Lovewell, G. N. and Hohn, A. A.}, year={2007}, month={Jan}, pages={130–131} }
 @article{rotstein_govett_wolfe_2005, title={Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a North American black bear (Ursus americanus)}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1937-2825"]}, DOI={10.1638/03-053.1}, abstractNote={Abstract A 10-yr-old female black bear (Ursus americanus) at the North Carolina Zoological Park presented with a 2-wk history of intermittent coughing and stertor. The animal was anesthetized for examination, and at intubation, a large mass associated with the tonsils and larynx was observed obstructing the airway. Cardiopulmonary collapse occurred during the procedure, and efforts at resuscitation were ineffective. At necropsy, an 8 cm times 6 cm times 5 cm mass was present in the larynx, infiltrating the epiglottis and obstructing the airway. Regional lymph nodes were mildly enlarged and contained tan inspissated substance. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of nests of keratinizing squamous epithelial cells with evidence of lymphatic invasion and metastases to regional lymph nodes.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Rotstein, DS and Govett, P and Wolfe, B}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={543–545} }
 @article{rotstein_flowers_wolfe_loomis_2005, title={Renal trematodiasis in captive double-toothed barbets (Lybius bidentatus)}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/03-119}, abstractNote={Abstract Two double-toothed barbets (Lybius bidentatus) were swallowed and regurgitated by a snake within a free-flight aviary. Trematodes were observed histopatholgically within the renal pelvises and proximal ureters with associated mucosal hyperplasia and mild heterohistiocytic inflammation in both birds. Trematodes were identified as Tanaisia (Tamerlania) zarudnyi, which have a life cycle involving terrestrial snails. Trematodes have been reported within kidneys in several orders of birds, including the Columbiformes, Passeriformes, Stercorariidae, Anseriformes, Galliformes, and Piciformes. Snails were not uncommon within the barbets' aviary and may have been the source of exposure. Renal trematodiasis is probably an incidental finding in these birds because there were no clinical signs and the birds lacked pronounced histologic lesions in the kidney that would be associated with ureteral or pelvic obstruction.}, number={1}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={Rotstein, DS and Flowers, JR and Wolfe, BA and Loomis, M}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={124–126} }
 @article{smith_rotstein_brownie_2004, title={Abdominal fat necrosis in a pygmy goat associated with fescue toxicosis}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1040-6387"]}, DOI={10.1177/104063870401600420}, abstractNote={Abdominal fat necrosis was diagnosed in an 11-year-old female pygmy goat with a 10-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and progressive abdominal distension. Gross necropsy findings revealed multiple firm, dark yellow, nodular masses of fat throughout the abdominal cavity, which compressed several abdominal organs including the rumen, small intestine, spiral colon, and gall bladder. Histologically, multiple to coalescing adipocyte necrosis, saponification, and infiltration with variable numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells was observed. Fat necrosis in this case was attributed to tall fescue toxicity based on the presence of high levels of endophyte ( Neotyphodium coenophialum)–infected fescue identified in the goat's pasture. This is the first known report of abdominal fat necrosis in a goat and demonstrates the fat necrosis syndrome of fescue toxicosis in ruminants.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION}, author={Smith, GW and Rotstein, DS and Brownie, CF}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={356–359} }
 @article{govett_rotstein_lewbart_2004, title={Gill metaplasia in a goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus (L.)}, volume={27}, ISSN={["0140-7775"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00546.x}, abstractNote={1 Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA 3 North Carolina Zoological Park, Asheboro, NC, USA 4 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA}, number={7}, journal={JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES}, author={Govett, PD and Rotstein, DS and Lewbart, GA}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={419–423} }
 @article{zimmerman_jones_rotstein_2004, title={Large granular lymphoma in a mule}, volume={155}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.155.15.462}, abstractNote={LYMPHOSARCOMA is not frequently observed in horses compared with its frequency in cattle, dogs and cats (Van Den Hoven and Franken 1983, Rebhun and Bertone 1984). However, lymphoma is the most common neoplasia of the equine haematopoietic system (Savage 1998) and it is one of the leading causes of neoplasia-related death in horses (Quist and others 1994). Lymphomas are usually multicentric, involving the lymph nodes, intestine, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and bone marrow; cutaneous, intestinal and thymic forms have been reported less frequently in retrospective studies (Savage 1998). Large granular lymphoma is very rare in horses; three cases are described in the literature (Grindem and others 1989, Quist and others 1994, Herraez and others 2001). Although, in one report, lymphoma was isolated in the intestine, other sites of involvement included the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidneys and lungs. The exact lineage of large granular lymphocytes is as yet undetermined, although natural killer cell or cytotoxic T cell lines are considered likely. Large granular lymphocytes are normally present in the blood, representing up to 10 per cent of the total circulating lymphocyte pool in the young animal and decreasing in number as the animal ages (McDonough and Moore 2000). With haematoxylin and eosin stain, large granular lymphocytes have been seen to contain intracytoplasmic azurophilic granules; neoplastic cells tend to exhibit phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH) positivity of the granules and positive immunohistochemical staining for the T lymphocyte marker CD3. The heterogeneity of granular lymphocytes with respect to the size and number of the granules, cytochemical and histochemical reactions, and biological behaviour of the neoplasms is described by Kariya and others (1997), but there are no previous reports of this type of neoplasm in a mule in the literature. This short communication describes a case of large granular lymphoma in a mule. A 10-year-old female mule was presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss of 160 kg over one-and-a-half months. The mule had been treated with omeprazole (Prilosec; AstraZeneca), methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol; Fort Dodge), febendazole (Panacur; Intervet) and prophylactic floating of the teeth, but there had been no improvement in the clinical signs. At presentation, the mare was extremely underweight, with a body condition score of 2 (on a scale of 1 to 9), depressed and 5 per cent dehydrated. Its body temperature was subnormal (37°C) and the mucous membranes were pale. Rectal examination revealed bright red rectal mucosa. A complete blood count and serum chemistry indicated a neutrophilic leucocytosis with a mild left shift (17·7 x 103/litre segmented neutrophils and 1·9 x 102 bands/ litre), lymphocytosis (9·65 x 102/litre), monocytosis (3·86 x 102/litre), hypocalcaemia (10·2 mg/dl, reference range 10·6 to 13·3 mg/dl), hypokalaemia (2·1 mg/dl, reference range 2·4 to 5·5 mg/dl), hypoalbuminaemia (1·5 g/dl, reference range 2·3 to 4·6 g/dl), hypoproteinaemia (3·6 g/dl, reference range 5·3 to 8·0 g/dl) and low bicarbonate (15 mmol/litre, reference range 20 to 36 mmol/litre). A rectal biopsy indicated the presence of an intestinal lymphoma and, given the mule’s deteriorating condition, it was euthanased. At postmortem examination the liver was found to contain multiple, variably sized, yellow nodules, located on or below the capsular surface. The nodules were firm, dull and granular with a green 2 mm rim on the cut surface; occasional nodules formed adhesions with the adjacent free capsular surface of adjacent lobes. The jejunum to ileum and small colon to rectum exhibited gross proliferation of the mucosa and transmural oedema. The mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and oedematous. Microscopic examination revealed neoplastic lymphocytes within the liver, small intestine, large intestine and small colon in varying numbers and degrees of infiltration. Within the liver, the cells formed multifocal to coalescing nodular aggregates that effaced the hepatic architecture (Fig 1). Associated with these cells were small lymphocytes and scattered eosinophils. The neoplastic cells had abundant pale cytoplasm with small to moderate numbers of perinuclear, eosinophilic granules less than 1 μm in size, which were PTAH positive and CD3 positive. The nuclei were central to paracentral and openfaced with stippled chromatin. In the small intestine and large intestine, the lamina propria was expanded by large numbers of neoplastic cells, which infiltrated and disrupted the crypts (Fig 2); neoplastic cells also extended into the superficial tunica muscularis. Diffuse crypt necrosis, regeneration and villous atrophy were present in the small intestine. The behaviour of large granular lymphoma in animals is variable, from extremely aggressive in the Fischer rat to relatively benign in human beings, while in horses it has involved systemic spread in some cases, but not in all (Quist and others 1994). It has also been reported in cats and dogs (Kariya and others 1997, Darbes and others 1998, McDonnough and Moore 2000). In the present case, large granular lymphoma was observed in the portal regions of the liver, indicating lymphatic or vascular spread, and the presence of eosinophils sugVeterinary Record (2004) 155, 462-463}, number={15}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Zimmerman, B and Jones, S and Rotstein, DS}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={462–463} }
 @article{de voe_geissler_elmore_rotstein_lewbart_guy_2004, title={Ranavirus-associated morbidity and mortality in a group of captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)}, volume={35}, ISSN={["1042-7260"]}, DOI={10.1638/03-037}, abstractNote={Abstract Seven captive eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) from a large collection of North American chelonians in North Carolina became acutely ill in the fall of 2002. Five of the turtles died. Clinical signs included cutaneous abscessation, oral ulceration or abscessation (or both), respiratory distress, anorexia, and lethargy. The predominant postmortem lesion was fibrinoid vasculitis of various organs, including skin, mucous membranes, lungs, and liver. No inclusion bodies were detected by histopathology or electron microscopy of formalin-fixed tissue. An iridovirus was isolated from tissues obtained postmortem from two of the box turtles that died. The virus was characterized by electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis of a portion of the major capsid protein as a member of the genus Ranavirus.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE}, author={De Voe, R and Geissler, K and Elmore, S and Rotstein, D and Lewbart, G and Guy, J}, year={2004}, month={Dec}, pages={534–543} }
 @article{govett_olby_marcellin-little_rotstein_reynolds_lewbart_2004, title={Stabilisation of scoliosis in two koi (Cyprinus carpio)}, volume={155}, ISSN={["0042-4900"]}, DOI={10.1136/vr.155.4.115}, abstractNote={Two koi (Cyprinus carpio) from the same pond developed similar lesions of scoliosis. Radiographic examinations showed that their spines had become malaligned as a result of vertebral compression fractures involving T14 to T16. The vertebrae in both fish were stabilised with screws, k‐wire and polymethylmethacrylate. They both appeared to improve after surgery, but they began to decline and died within three months. A postmortem examination revealed multi‐organ inflammation that was not associated with the surgical implants.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RECORD}, author={Govett, PD and Olby, NJ and Marcellin-Little, DJ and Rotstein, DS and Reynolds, IL and Lewbart, GA}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={115–119} }
 @article{harms_lo piccolo_rotstein_hohn_2004, title={Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)}, volume={40}, ISSN={["0090-3558"]}, DOI={10.7589/0090-3558-40.3.588}, abstractNote={Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long × 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella oxytoca, a ureasepositive bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES}, author={Harms, CA and Lo Piccolo, R and Rotstein, DS and Hohn, AA}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={588–593} }
 @article{de voe_spaulding_rotstein_rotstein_2004, title={Urinary bladder incarceration and infarction by an intra-abdominal fat pad in a Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana)}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04059.x}, abstractNote={A 2.5‐year‐old, female opossum had acute stranguria. Based on radiography and ultrasonographic examination a cystic structure was identified in the caudal abdomen associated with bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. This structure contained a neutrophilic fluid, determined to be urine. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis. Serum chemistry values were within normal limits. The opossum was euthanized. An intra‐abdominal fat pad incarceration of the urinary bladder above the trigone was present, resulting in complete obstruction of the urinary bladder and partial obstruction of the ureters. Vessels to the bladder were involved in the incarceration which resulted in vascular compromise and infarction of the bladder. Mild to moderate hydroureter and hydronephrosis were present.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={De Voe, RS and Spaulding, KA and Rotstein, J and Rotstein, DS}, year={2004}, pages={312–314} }
 @article{pressler_rotstein_law_rosol_leroy_keene_jackson_2002, title={Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration associated with malignant melanoma in a dog}, volume={221}, ISSN={["0003-1488"]}, DOI={10.2460/javma.2002.221.263}, abstractNote={A 12-year-old Cocker Spaniel with an oral malignant melanoma was evaluated for progressive lethargy and anorexia. No metastases were identified during antemortem evaluation, but severe hypercalcemia was evident. Antemortem diagnostic testing failed to identify a cause for the hypercalcemia. No neoplasms other than the melanoma were identified on postmortem examination. Serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration was markedly high, and the melanoma had moderate to marked immunostaining for this protein. Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare in dogs with malignant melanoma.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION}, author={Pressler, BM and Rotstein, DS and Law, JM and Rosol, TJ and LeRoy, B and Keene, BW and Jackson, MW}, year={2002}, month={Jul}, pages={263-+} }
 @article{jaeger_rotstein_law_2002, title={Prostatic pythiosis in a dog}, volume={16}, ISSN={["0891-6640"]}, DOI={10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0598:PPIAD>2.3.CO;2}, abstractNote={Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineVolume 16, Issue 5 p. 598-602 Open Access Prostatic Pythiosis in a Dog Gayle H. Jaeger, Corresponding Author Gayle H. Jaeger Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDavid S. Rotstein, David S. Rotstein Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorJ. McHugh Law, J. McHugh Law Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this author Gayle H. Jaeger, Corresponding Author Gayle H. Jaeger Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDavid S. Rotstein, David S. Rotstein Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this authorJ. McHugh Law, J. McHugh Law Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.Search for more papers by this author First published: 28 June 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02394.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Laflamme DP. Body condition scoring and weight maintenance. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, FL, January 16–21, 1993. 2 Grooters AM, Lopez MK, Brown AK, et al. Production of poly-clonal antibodies for the immunohistochemical identification of Pyth-ium insidiosum. 19th Annual Veterinary Forum, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Denver, CO, 2001. 3 Grooters AM, Gee MK. Development of a nested PCR assay for the detection and identification of Pythium insidiosum. J Vet Intern Med 2002; 16: 147– 152. 4 Miller RI. Gastrointestinal phycomycosis in 63 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985; 186: 473– 478. 5 Thomas RC, Lewis DT. Pythiosis in dogs and cats. Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet 1998; i: 63– 72. 6 Dykstra MJ, Sharp NJ, Olivry T., et al. A description of cutaneous-subcutaneous pythiosis in fifteen dogs. Med Mycol 1999; 37: 427– 433. 7 Fisher JR, Pace LW, Turk JR, et al. Gastrointestinal pythiosis in Missouri dogs: Eleven cases. J Vet Diagn Invest 1994; 6: 380– 382. 8 Helman RG, Oliver J. Pythiosis of the digestive tract in dogs from Oklahoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35: 111– 114. 9 Foil CS. Miscellaneous fungal diseases. In: CE Green, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2nd ed. Philadelphia , PA : WB Saunders; 1998: 420– 430. 10 Cooper RC, Allison N., Boring JG. Apparent successful surgical treatment of intestinal pythiosis with vascular invasion in a dog. Canine Pract 1991; 16: 9– 12. 11 Patton CS, Hake R., Newton, et al. Esophagitis due to Pythium insidiosum infection in two dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1996; 10: 139– 142. 12 Ader PL. Phycomycosis in fifteen dogs and two cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174: 1216– 1223. 13 Pavletic MM, Miller RI, Turnwald GH. Intestinal infarction associated with canine phycomycosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1983; 19: 1227– 1229. 14 Bissonnette KW, Sharp NJ, Dykstra MH, et al. Nasal and ret-robulbar mass in a cat caused by Pythium insidiosum. J Med Vet Mycol 1991; 29: 39– 44. 15 Chaffin MK, Schumaker J., McMullan WC. Cutaneous pythiosis in the horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1995; 11: 91– 103. Citing Literature Volume16, Issue5September 2002Pages 598-602 ReferencesRelatedInformation}, number={5}, journal={JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE}, author={Jaeger, GH and Rotstein, DS and Law, JM}, year={2002}, pages={598–602} }
 @article{bonifant_harms_rotstein_lewbart_2002, title={Surgical removal of a coelomic mass in a gopher snake, Pituophis catenifer deserticola}, volume={12}, DOI={10.5818/1529-9651.12.3.27}, abstractNote={ABSTRACT A coelomic mass attached by a thin stalk to the gastroduodenal junction was removed from the extralumenal serosa of a male gopher snake, Pituophis catenifer deserticola. The histologic characteristic of the mass is consistent with either a diverticulosis with subsequent stricturing or a healed gastrointestinal perforation.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery}, author={Bonifant, C. and Harms, Craig and Rotstein, D. S. and Lewbart, Gregory}, year={2002}, pages={27–29} }
 @article{chittick_rotstein_brown_wolfe_2001, title={Pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma in a melengestrol acetate- implanted captive coati (Nasua nasua)}, volume={32}, DOI={10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0245:pauaia]2.0.co;2}, abstractNote={Abstract A 9-yr and 3-mo-old captive female coati (Nasua nasua) was implanted with melengestrol acetate for contraception for 4.5 yr prior to presentation. During her annual examination, purulent vaginal discharge and a palpably prominent uterus were identified. Ancillary diagnostic tests including hematology, cystocentesis, radiographs, and abdominal ultrasound were consistent with pyometra. An ovariohysterectomy was performed and histologic examination revealed pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma, similar to pathology that has been associated with melengestrol acetate contraception in felids, canids, and primates. Given the potential association between melengestrol acetate and uterine pathology in this case, we recommend caution with melengestrol acetate use in procyonids.}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine}, author={Chittick, E. and Rotstein, D. and Brown, T. and Wolfe, B.}, year={2001}, pages={245–251} }