@article{wilkerson_price_bennett_krueger_roberson_robinson_2004, title={Evaluating the potential for site-specific herbicide application in soybean}, volume={18}, ISSN={["0890-037X"]}, DOI={10.1614/WT-03-258R}, abstractNote={Field experiments were conducted on two North Carolina research stations in 1999, 2000, and 2001; on-farm in Lenoir, Wayne, and Wilson counties, NC, in 2002; and on-farm in Port Royal, VA, in 2000, 2001, and 2002 to evaluate possible gains from site-specific herbicide applications at these locations. Fields were scouted for weed populations using custom software on a handheld computer linked to a Global Positioning System. Scouts generated field-specific sampling grids and recorded weed density information for each grid cell. The decision aid HADSS™ (Herbicide Application Decision Support System) was used to estimate expected net return and yield loss remaining after treatment in each sample grid of every field under differing assumptions of weed size and soil moisture conditions, assuming the field was planted with either conventional or glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean. The optimal whole-field treatment (that treatment with the highest expected net return summed across all grid cells within a field) resulted in average theoretical net returns of $79/ha (U.S. dollars) and $139/ha for conventional and GR soybean, respectively. When the most economical treatment for each grid cell was used in site-specific weed management, theoretical net returns increased by $13/ha (conventional) and $4.50/ha (GR), and expected yield loss after treatment was reduced by 10.5 and 4%, respectively, compared with the whole-field optimal treatment. When the most effective treatment for each grid cell was used in site-specific weed management, theoretical net returns decreased by $18/ha (conventional) and $4/ha (GR), and expected yield loss after treatment was reduced by 27 and 19%, respectively, compared with the whole-field optimal treatment. Site-specific herbicide applications could have reduced the volume of herbicides sprayed by as much as 70% in some situations but increased herbicide amounts in others. On average, the whole-field treatment was optimal in terms of net return for only 35% (conventional) and 57% (GR) of grid cells.}, number={4}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Wilkerson, GG and Price, AJ and Bennett, AC and Krueger, DW and Roberson, GT and Robinson, BL}, year={2004}, pages={1101–1110} }
 @misc{bennett_price_sturgill_buol_wilkerson_2003, title={HADSS (TM), pocket HERB (TM), and WebHADSS (TM): Decision aids for field crops}, volume={17}, ISSN={["1550-2740"]}, DOI={10.1614/0890-037X(2003)017[0412:HPHAWD]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Row crop weed management decisions can be complex due to the number of available herbicide treatment options, the multispecies nature of weed infestations within fields, and the effect of soil characteristics and soil-moisture conditions on herbicide efficacy. To assist weed managers in evaluating alternative strategies and tactics, three computer programs have been developed for corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean. The programs, called HADSS™ (Herbicide Application Decision Support System), Pocket HERB™, and WebHADSS™, utilize field-specific information to estimate yield loss that may occur if no control methods are used, to eliminate herbicide treatments that are inappropriate for the specified conditions, and to calculate expected yield loss after treatment and expected net return for each available herbicide treatment. Each program has a unique interactive interface that provides recommendations to three distinct kinds of usage: desktop usage (HADSS), internet usage (WebHADSS), and on-site usage (Pocket HERB). Using WeedEd™, an editing program, cooperators in several southern U.S. states have created different versions of HADSS, WebHADSS, and Pocket HERB that are tailored to conditions and weed management systems in their locations. Nomenclature: Corn, Zea mays L.; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; peanut, Arachis hypogea L; soybean, Glycine max L. Additional index words: Bioeconomic models, computer decision aids, decision support systems, weed management. Abbreviations: HADSS, Herbicide Application Decision Support System; PDS, postemergence-directed; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant-incorporated; PRE, preemergence.}, number={2}, journal={WEED TECHNOLOGY}, author={Bennett, AC and Price, AJ and Sturgill, MC and Buol, GS and Wilkerson, GG}, year={2003}, pages={412–420} }
 @article{scott_askew_wilcut_bennett_2002, title={Economic evaluation of HADSS (TM) computer program in North Carolina peanut}, volume={50}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0091:EEOHCP]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted at four locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate a computer program, Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS™), for weed management in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Weed management systems included metolachlor or ethalfluralin preplant-incorporated (PPI) used alone or in combination with diclosulam preemergence (PRE) or flumioxazin PRE. These herbicide combinations were used alone, followed by (fb) postemergence (POST) herbicides recommended by HADSS™ or fb a standard POST program of paraquat plus bentazon early postemergence (EPOST) fb acifluorfen plus bentazon POST. The standard POST herbicide system and HADSS™ POST recommendations were also used without soil-applied herbicides. Ethalfluralin PPI alone controlled large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) better than metolachlor PPI. Combinations of metolachlor or ethalfluralin PPI with either diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE provided equivalent control of all weeds evaluated except yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). The addition of diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE to systems containing metolachlor or ethalfluralin PPI always improved control of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) and yellow nutsedge and improved yield and net returns in 15 of 16 comparisons where no POST herbicides were used. For systems that used diclosulam or flumioxazin PRE, the HADSS™ POST and standard POST herbicide systems improved yield in 4 of 12 and 2 of 12 comparisons, respectively, compared with similar systems that did not use diclosulam or flumioxazin. However, in systems using either HADSS™ POST or the standard POST system, yield was always improved when compared with metolachlor or ethalfluralin PPI alone. HADSS™ POST provided equal or higher weed control, peanut yield, and net returns when compared with the standard POST herbicide system. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; bentazon; ethalfluralin; metolachlor; paraquat; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPES; peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘NC 7’ and ‘NC 10C’.}, number={1}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Wilcut, JW and Bennett, AC}, year={2002}, pages={91–100} }
 @article{scott_askew_bennett_wilcut_2001, title={Economic evaluation of HADSS (TM) computer program for weed management in nontransgenic and transgenic cotton}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1550-2759"]}, DOI={10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0549:EEOHCP]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Field studies were conducted at four locations in North Carolina in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the use of the Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS™) for weed management in nontransgenic, bromoxynil-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant cotton. Weed management systems included trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI) plus fluometuron preemergence (PRE) or no soil-applied herbicides. Postemergence (POST) options included bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac early POST (EPOST) followed by (fb) MSMA plus prometryn late postemergence–directed (LAYBY) or herbicide recommendations given by HADSS. Glyphosate-resistant systems provided control equivalent to or better than control provided by bromoxynil-resistant and nontransgenic systems for smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, goosegrass, ivyleaf morningglory, and fall panicum. Trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb HADSS POST provided equivalent or higher levels of weed control and yield than trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb bromoxynil, glyphosate, or pyrithiobac EPOST fb MSMA plus prometryn LAYBY. The trifluralin PPI fb fluometuron PRE fb HADSS POST systems controlled large crabgrass at Goldsboro and fall panicum better than HADSS POST-only systems in nontransgenic cotton. Cotton yield and net returns in the glyphosate-resistant systems were always equal to or higher than the nontransgenic and bromoxynil-resistant systems. Net returns were higher for the soil-applied fb HADSS POST treatments in 8 of 12 comparisons with HADSS POST systems without soil-applied herbicides. Early-season weed interference reduced cotton lint yields and net returns in POST-only systems. Nomenclature: Bromoxynil; fluometuron; glyphosate; MSMA; prometryn; pyrithiobac; trifluralin; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Deltapine 51’, ‘BXN 47’, ‘Deltapine 5415RR’; fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. PANDI; goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEIN; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. IPOHE; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. AMACH.}, number={4}, journal={WEED SCIENCE}, author={Scott, GH and Askew, SD and Bennett, AC and Wilcut, JW}, year={2001}, pages={549–557} }