@article{tan_matzen_2002, title={Correlation of in-plane bending test and FEA results for thin-walled elbows}, volume={217}, ISSN={["1872-759X"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0029-5493(02)00137-1}, abstractNote={The objective of this study is to validate a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation methodology to predict the global behavior of thin-walled elbows subjected to in-plane bending. Two in-plane closing mode bending tests and one in-plane opening mode bending test were conducted on 2″ schedule 10 elbows, and a nonlinear FEA procedure was used to simulate the tests. A detailed FEA study was carried out to determine the relative importance of weld size and location, measured wall thicknesses, and original cross-section dimensions on the reconciliation results. When the weld bead was included in the analysis, the reconciliation results for load–displacement behavior and some of the strain measurements were excellent. For those cases in which the strain measurements reconciliations were not so good, a possible explanation is provided.}, number={1-2}, journal={NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN}, author={Tan, Y and Matzen, V}, year={2002}, month={Aug}, pages={21–39} }
 @article{tan_wilkins_matzen_2002, title={Correlation of test and FEA results for elbows subjected to out-of-plane loading}, volume={217}, ISSN={["0029-5493"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0029-5493(02)00132-2}, abstractNote={The objective of this study is to validate a finite element analysis (FEA) simulation methodology to predict the out-of-plane behavior of piping elbows. Two out-of-plane elbow experiments and the corresponding FEA shell and elbow element models are presented. For load–displacements results, all the FEA predictions showed excellent agreement with measured experimental results, and for load–strain behavior, the shell FEA model results correlated quite well with the experimental results.}, number={3}, journal={NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN}, author={Tan, Y and Wilkins, K and Matzen, V}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={213–224} }
 @article{tan_matzen_yu_2002, title={Correlation of test and FEA results for the nonlinear behavior of straight pipes and elbows}, volume={124}, ISSN={["1528-8978"]}, DOI={10.1115/1.1493806}, abstractNote={This paper summarizes the literature on reconciliation of finite element analyses with in-plane bending experiments on piping elbows. It then describes in detail two four-point-bending tests on straight pipes and two in-plane bending tests on elbows and the corresponding nonlinear finite element analyses. Using a new procedure for obtaining a stress-strain curve for stainless steel using only values for E,Sy, and Su and a representative stress-strain curve from a test on a similar material specimen, the nonlinear responses of the piping components tested are shown to be simulated more accurately than previously published results.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME}, author={Tan, Y and Matzen, VC and Yu, LX}, year={2002}, month={Nov}, pages={465–475} }
 @article{matzen_tan_2002, title={The history of the B-2 stress index}, volume={124}, ISSN={["0094-9930"]}, DOI={10.1115/1.1464564}, abstractNote={The history of the primary stress design equations for Class 1 and 2 elbows in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Section III, Division 1, Subsections NB and NC) is reviewed. The review includes the early analytical solutions for elbow bending, Markl’s stress-intensification factor, the development of Code equation (9), the relationship between SIFs and the C2 and B2 stress indices, development of B2 equations that are functions of internal pressure and bend angle, and a suggested definition of the B2 index which is based on nonlinear finite element analysis.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME}, author={Matzen, VC and Tan, Y}, year={2002}, month={May}, pages={168–176} }