@article{wang_tang_koeck_brown_garguilo_nemanich_2004, title={Experimental studies of the formation process and morphologies of carbon nanotubes with bamboo mode structures}, volume={13}, ISSN={["0925-9635"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.diamond.2004.01.009}, abstractNote={Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, and the formation process and morphologies of bamboo mode structures were systematically analyzed. Thin films of Fe on Si substrates were used as the catalyst, and the CNT films were characterized with electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy. For growth up to 15 min, the films grow with vertically aligned CNT with evidence of amorphous carbon at the top surface. For longer growth times the films exhibit a layer of amorphous carbon and a CNT mat on top of the aligned carbon nanotube ‘forest.’ Transmission electron microscopy measurements displayed multiwalled CNT with bamboo structure and encapsulated tips some of which contained catalyst particles. Two kinds of bamboo mode structures were observed: cone shaped, and cylindrical. The results indicate that the CNT growth is predominantly of the base growth mode, and the formation of the compartments was attributed to the difference in the bulk and surface diffusion of carbon species at the catalyst.}, number={4-8}, journal={DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS}, author={Wang, YY and Tang, GY and Koeck, FM and Brown, B and Garguilo, JM and Nemanich, RJ}, year={2004}, pages={1287–1291} }
 @article{kock_garguilo_brown_nemanich_2002, title={Enhanced low-temperature thermionic field emission from surface-treated N-doped diamond films}, volume={11}, ISSN={["1879-0062"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00006-7}, abstractNote={Nitrogen-doped diamond films have been synthesized for application as a low-temperature thermionic field-emission cathode. The critical result of this study is the observation of uniform electron emission from UV photo-excitation and from thermionic field emission for films terminated with hydrogen or a 0.3-nm Ti layer. The samples were imaged with photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and thermionic field-emission electron microscopy (T-FEEM) at temperatures up to 900 °C, and the electron emission current was recorded vs. the applied voltage. Hydrogen-passivated films show enhanced electron emission, but become unstable at elevated temperatures, while Ti-terminated films showed similar enhanced emission at temperatures up to 950 °C. Temperature-dependent I/V measurements show strongly increased electron emission at higher temperatures, suggesting that electron emission originates from the conduction band. These results indicate a promising new material for the production of low-temperature, high-brightness electron sources.}, number={3-6}, journal={DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS}, author={Kock, FAM and Garguilo, JM and Brown, B and Nemanich, RJ}, year={2002}, pages={774–779} }