@article{farrell_ma_2004, title={Macrosegregation during alloyed semiconductor crystal growth in strong axial and transverse magnetic fields}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1879-2189"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.02.021}, abstractNote={Abstract This paper presents a model for the unsteady species transport during bulk growth of alloyed semiconductor crystals with both axial and transverse magnetic fields. During growth of alloyed semiconductors such as germanium–silicon (GeSi) and mercury–cadmium–telluride (HgCdTe), the solute's concentration is not small so that density differences in the melt are very large. These compositional variations drive compositionally-driven buoyant convection, or solutal convection, in addition to thermally-driven buoyant convection. These buoyant convections drive convective transport which produce non-uniformities in the concentration in both the melt and the crystal. This transient model predicts the distribution of species in the entire crystal grown in a magnetic field. The present study investigates the effects of magnetic field orientation and strength on the segregation in alloyed semiconductor crystals, and presents results of concentration in the crystal and in the melt at several different times during crystal growth.}, number={14-16}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER}, author={Farrell, MV and Ma, N}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={3047–3055} }
 @article{farrell_ma_2002, title={Coupling of buoyant convections in boron oxide and a molten semiconductor in a vertical magnetic field}, volume={124}, DOI={10.1115/1.1473141}, abstractNote={This paper treats the buoyant convection in a layer of boron oxide, called a liquid encapsulant, which lies above a layer of a molten compound semiconductor (melt) between cold and hot vertical walls in a rectangular container with a steady vertical magnetic field B. The magnetic field provides an electromagnetic (EM) damping of the molten semiconductor which is an excellent electrical conductor but has no direct effect on the motion of the liquid encapsulant. The temperature gradient drives counter clockwise circulations in both the melt and encapsulant. These circulations alone would lead to positive and negative values of the horizontal velocity in the encapsulant and melt, respectively, near the interface. The competition between the two buoyant convections determines the direction of the horizontal velocity of the interface. For B=5 T, there is significant EM damping of the melt motion and the encapsulant drives a positive interfacial velocity and a small clockwise circulation in the melt. For a much weaker field B=0.1 T, the maximum velocity in the melt is hundreds of times larger than that of the encapsulant, thus causing nearly all the encapsulant to circulate in the clockwise direction.}, number={4}, journal={Journal of Heat Transfer}, author={Farrell, M. V. and Ma, N.}, year={2002}, pages={643–649} }