@article{chou_yang_chen_monteiro-riviere_li_chen_2006, title={Expression profiling of human epidermal keratinocyte response following 1-minute JP-8 exposure}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1556-9527"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000238451100007&KeyUID=WOS:000238451100007}, DOI={10.1080/15569520600695728}, abstractNote={The cDNA microarray analysis of 9600 expressed sequence tags was performed to examine the gene expression changes in human epidermal keratinocytes after 1-minute JP-8 exposure; 151 genes were identified as JP-8 responsive and classified into 8 clusters by self organization map. Genes involved in basal transcription and translations were up-regulated, whereas genes related to DNA repair, metabolism, and keratin were mostly down-regulated. Genes encoded for growth factors, apoptosis, signal transduction, and adhesion were also altered. These results indicated that human keratinocyte responds to a single dose of JP-8 insult and revealed several cellular processes previously not associated with jet fuel exposure.}, number={2}, journal={CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY}, author={Chou, CC and Yang, JH and Chen, SD and Monteiro-Riviere, NA and Li, HN and Chen, JJW}, year={2006}, pages={141–153} }
 @article{chou_riviere_monteiro-riviere_2003, title={The cytotoxicity of jet fuel aromatic hydrocarbons and dose-related interleukin-8 release from human epidermal keratinocytes}, volume={77}, ISSN={0340-5761 1432-0738}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-003-0461-z}, DOI={10.1007/s00204-003-0461-z}, abstractNote={Many jet fuel aromatic hydrocarbons are known carcinogens with the ability to both readily penetrate the skin with high absorptive flux and cause skin irritation. In order to evaluate the in vitro cutaneous toxicity of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in jet fuels and their potential for inducing skin irritation, we evaluated the LD(50), the highest non-cytotoxic (5% mortality) dose (HNTD), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) release activity of nine major jet fuel aromatic hydrocarbons in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). LD(50) ranged from 1.8 mM (0.03%) for cyclohexylbenzene to 82.9 mM (0.74%) for benzene, with a rank order potency of cyclohexylbenzene >trimethylbenzene >/=xylene >dimethylnaphthalene >ethylbenzene >toluene >benzene. The HNTD values ranged from 0.1 mM (0.001%) for cyclohexylbenzene to 48.2 mM (0.43%) for benzene. Naphthalene and methylnaphthalene could not be ranked in this comparison since their concentrations, presented as percentage saturation, were not comparable to the others presented as solutes in solution. There was a dose-related differential response in IL-8 release at 24 h. Toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, cyclohexylbenzene and dimethylnaphthalene significantly decreased IL-8 release at the respective HNTDs, while IL-8 release did not continue to decrease, or significantly increased (cyclohexylbenzene and dimethylnaphthalene), at the LD(50). IL-8 significantly increased with both doses of methylnaphthalene and naphthalene. The presence of hexadecane and mineral oil greatly attenuated the cytotoxicity elicited by individual aromatic hydrocarbons in HEK cells.}, number={7}, journal={Archives of Toxicology}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Chou, C. C. and Riviere, J. E. and Monteiro-Riviere, N. A.}, year={2003}, month={Jul}, pages={384–391} }
 @article{chou_riviere_monteiro-riviere_2002, title={Differential relationship between the carbon chain length of jet fuel aliphatic hydrocarbons and their ability to induce cytotoxicity vs. interleukin-8 release in human epidermal keratinocytes}, volume={69}, ISSN={["1096-0929"]}, url={http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=ORCID&SrcApp=OrcidOrg&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=WOS:000177996800025&KeyUID=WOS:000177996800025}, DOI={10.1093/toxsci/69.1.226}, abstractNote={Jet fuels are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons known to cause dermal toxicity and to increase the release of proinflammatory cytokines by human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). However, the dermatotoxic effects of individual hydrocarbons remain unclear. Since aliphatic hydrocarbons make up more than 80% of the hydrocarbons formulated in jet fuels, the objective of this study was to assess acute cytotoxicity and IL-8 release induced by individual aliphatic hydrocarbons without a vehicle. Ten aliphatic hydrocarbons with carbon (C) chain lengths ranging from 6 to 16 were dosed neat on HEK grown on 96-well plates. Acute exposure (1, 5, and 15 min) to aliphatic hydrocarbons significantly increased HEK mortality such that the increase in cytotoxicity corresponded with the decrease in carbon chain length. Extended exposure time did not increase cytotoxicity significantly until 15 min of exposure by short-chain hydrocarbons (C < or = 11). There were differences between the aliphatic hydrocarbons with respect to their effects on IL-8 release. IL-8 concentration was increased significantly by 3- to 10-fold, with the highest increase found after exposure to hydrocarbons in the C9-C13 range. These studies indicated that individual aliphatic hydrocarbons are toxic to HEK cells and are capable of inducing proinflammatory cytokines. Higher cytotoxicity by shorter-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons did not correlate to increased ability to stimulate IL-8 release, which peaked at mid-chain lengths, suggesting a different structure-activity relationship for these two toxicological endpoints in keratinocyte cell cultures.}, number={1}, journal={TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, author={Chou, CC and Riviere, JE and Monteiro-Riviere, NA}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={226–233} }