@article{lowder_desmarais_baucom_2016, title={Recidivism following mental health court exit: Between and within-group comparisons.}, volume={40}, ISSN={1573-661X 0147-7307}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000168}, DOI={10.1037/lhb0000168}, abstractNote={Over the past decade, Mental Health Courts (MHCs) have spread rapidly across the U.S. These courts aim to reduce recidivism among adults with mental illnesses through diversion into community-based treatment. Extant research suggests that MHCs can be effective in reducing recidivism, but also demonstrates that effectiveness varies as a function of characteristics of the participants (e.g., criminal history) and the program (e.g., coercion). Less is known regarding the extent to which process-related factors (e.g., length of participation, time between referral and receipt of services) impact effectiveness. Prior research also is limited by a focus on recidivism during MHC as opposed to postexit. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined recidivism 1 year postexit for a group of MHC participants (n = 57) and offenders receiving treatment as usual (TAU; n = 40), total N = 97. We also investigated the influence of individual characteristics and process factors on changes in jail days 1 year preentry to 1 year postexit for MHC participants. Overall, results provide some evidence supporting the effectiveness of MHCs. MHC participants had significantly fewer jail days, but not charges or convictions, relative to TAU participants. Among MHC participants, graduation from the MHC, presence of co-occurring substance use, and longer length of MHC participation were associated with greater reductions in jail days. Other process factors were unrelated to reductions in recidivism. Findings suggest that MHCs may be particularly effective for high-risk participants and that time spent in a MHC has positive effects on recidivism, regardless of graduation status.}, number={2}, journal={Law and Human Behavior}, publisher={American Psychological Association (APA)}, author={Lowder, Evan M. and Desmarais, Sarah L. and Baucom, Daniel J.}, year={2016}, pages={118–127} }
 @article{meade_bauer_2007, title={Power and precision in confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance}, volume={14}, ISSN={["1532-8007"]}, DOI={10.1080/10705510701575461}, abstractNote={This study investigates the effects of sample size, factor overdetermination, and communality on the precision of factor loading estimates and the power of the likelihood ratio test of factorial invariance in multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Although sample sizes are typically thought to be the primary determinant of precision and power, the degree of factor overdetermination and the level of indicator communalities also play important roles. Based on these findings, no single rule of thumb regarding the ratio of sample size to number of indicators can ensure adequate power to detect a lack of measurement invariance.}, number={4}, journal={STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL}, author={Meade, Adam W. and Bauer, Daniel J.}, year={2007}, pages={611–635} }
 @article{hipp_bauer_curran_bollen_2004, title={Crimes of opportunity or crimes of emotion? Testing two explanations of seasonal change in crime}, volume={82}, ISSN={["0037-7732"]}, DOI={10.1353/sof.2004.0074}, abstractNote={While past research has suggested possible seasonal trends in crime rates, this study employs a novel methodology that directly models these changes and predicts them with explanatory variables. Using a nonlinear latent curve model, seasonal fluctuations in crime rates are modeled for a large number of communities in the U.S. over a three-year period with a focus on testing the theoretical predictions of two key explanations for seasonal changes in crime rates: the temperature/aggression and routine activities theories. Using data from 8,460 police units in the U.S. over the 1990 to 1992 period, we found that property crime rates are primarily driven by pleasant weather, consistent with the routine activities theory. Violent crime exhibited evidence in support of both theories.}, number={4}, journal={SOCIAL FORCES}, author={Hipp, JR and Bauer, DJ and Curran, PJ and Bollen, KA}, year={2004}, month={Jun}, pages={1333–1372} }
 @article{shanahan_bauer_2004, title={Developmental properties of transactional models: The case of life events and mastery from adolescence to young adulthood}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1469-2198"]}, DOI={10.1017/S0954579404040155}, abstractNote={That behavior reflects ongoing transactions between person and context is an enshrined proposition of developmental theory, although the dynamic properties of these transactions have not been fully appreciated. In this article, we focus on reciprocal links between the Pearlin mastery scale and life events in the transition to adulthood, a strategic relationship given that control orientations are thought to mediate links between stressors and a range of indicators of distress, and given that life events become increasingly likely in young adulthood. Drawing on 12 waves of data from the Youth Development Study, spanning ages 14–15 to 26–27, we examine a series of growth curve models that interrelate mastery and life events. Results for females reveal that mastery during the senior year of high school predicts life events for the following 4-year period, which in turn predicts mastery over the 5-year period spanning ages 21–22 to 26–27. For males, mastery during the senior year (and perhaps the sophomore year) predicts subsequent life events, which in turn have short-term implications for mastery. Thus, transactions between life events and mastery are observed, although the temporal patterns of these exchanges are complex. These findings are discussed in terms of the developmental properties of transactions between person and context.The Youth Development Study is supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD44138) and the National Institute of Mental Health (MH42843). Support for the research reported in this article comes in part from a subcontract to the first author (“Role configurations and well-being in the transition to adulthood”). The authors thank Lance Erickson and Sondra Smolek for helpful assistance.}, number={4}, journal={DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY}, author={Shanahan, MJ and Bauer, DJ}, year={2004}, pages={1095–1117} }
 @article{bauer_curran_2004, title={The  integration of continuous and discrete latent variable models: Potential problems and promising opportunities}, volume={9}, number={1}, journal={Psychological Methods}, author={Bauer, D. J. and Curran, P. J.}, year={2004}, pages={29-} }
 @article{bauer_curran_2003, title={Distributional assumptions of growth mixture models: Implications for overextraction of latent trajectory classes}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1939-1463"]}, DOI={10.1037/1082-989X.8.3.338}, abstractNote={Growth mixture models are often used to determine if subgroups exist within the population that follow qualitatively distinct developmental trajectories. However, statistical theory developed for finite normal mixture models suggests that latent trajectory classes can be estimated even in the absence of population heterogeneity if the distribution of the repeated measures is nonnormal. By drawing on this theory, this article demonstrates that multiple trajectory classes can be estimated and appear optimal for nonnormal data even when only 1 group exists in the population. Further, the within-class parameter estimates obtained from these models are largely uninterpretable. Significant predictive relationships may be obscured or spurious relationships identified. The implications of these results for applied research are highlighted, and future directions for quantitative developments are suggested.}, number={3}, journal={PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS}, author={Bauer, DJ and Curran, PJ}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={338–363} }
 @article{bauer_2003, title={Estimating multilevel linear models as structural equation models}, volume={28}, ISSN={["1935-1054"]}, DOI={10.3102/10769986028002135}, abstractNote={Multilevel linear models (MLMs) provide a powerful framework for analyzing data collected at nested or non-nested levels, such as students within classrooms. The current article draws on recent analytical and software advances to demonstrate that a broad class of MLMs may be estimated as structural equation models (SEMs). Moreover, within the SEM approach it is possible to include measurement models for predictors or outcomes, and to estimate the mediational pathways among predictors explicitly, tasks which are currently difficult with the conventional approach to multilevel modeling. The equivalency of the SEM approach with conventional methods for estimating MLMs is illustrated using empirical examples, including an example involving both multiple indicator latent factors for the outcomes and a causal chain for the predictors. The limitations of this approach for estimating MLMs are discussed and alternative approaches are considered.}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL STATISTICS}, author={Bauer, DJ}, year={2003}, pages={135–167} }
 @article{bauer_curran_2003, title={Overextraction of latent trajectory classes: Much ado about nothing? Reply to Rindskopf (2003), Muthen (2003), and Cudeck and Henly (2003)}, volume={8}, ISSN={["1939-1463"]}, DOI={10.1037/1082-989X.8.3.384}, abstractNote={The comments on D. J. Bauer and P. J. Curran (2003) share 2 common themes. The 1st theme is that model-checking procedures may be capable of distinguishing between mixtures of normal and homogeneous nonnormal distributions. Although useful for assessing model quality, it is argued here that currently available procedures may not always help discern between these 2 possibilities. The 2nd theme is that even if these 2 possibilities cannot be distinguished, a growth mixture model may still provide useful insights into the data. It is argued here that whereas this may be true for the scientific goals of description and prediction, the acceptance of a model that fundamentally misrepresents the underlying data structure may be less useful in pursuit of the goal of explanation.}, number={3}, journal={PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS}, author={Bauer, DJ and Curran, PJ}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={384–393} }
 @article{bauer_goldfield_reznick_2002, title={Alternative approaches to analyzing individual differences in the rate of early vocabulary development}, volume={23}, ISSN={["0142-7164"]}, DOI={10.1017/S0142716402003016}, abstractNote={This paper examines individual differences in the rate of early lexical development with a specific interest in gender differences. Twenty-six children were assessed monthly from either 8, 9, or 10 months of age through 14 months of age, using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Gestures. Individual differences in developmental trajectories of vocabulary comprehension and production were explored using two analytic approaches. The first involved traditional parametric statistics, while the latter utilized classification procedures. Both techniques demonstrated that the lexical development of girls outpaced that of boys. The inductive approach also revealed the presence of distinctive “fast” and “slow” trajectories for both comprehension and production that were not exclusively segregated by gender. Cases exhibiting fast trajectories were predominantly girls, but several boys also followed this developmental pattern. The opposite pattern emerged for the slow trajectories. There was strong correspondence between production and comprehension, but a few cases clustered into the fast development group on one measure and the slow group on the other. The identification of these outliers may offer an important tool for exploring mechanisms of language development. Validation of the clustering results was based on the prospective prediction of an external criterion variable, namely, lexical development at 21 months, and by replication on an independent sample.}, number={3}, journal={APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS}, author={Bauer, DJ and Goldfield, BA and Reznick, JS}, year={2002}, month={Sep}, pages={313–335} }