@article{wyer_murphy-medley_damschen_rosenfeld_wentworth_2007, title={No quick fixes: Adding content about women to ecology course materials}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1471-6402"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00334.x}, abstractNote={This study reports on a three-semester model project designed to assess the impact of enriched content related to Women's and Gender Studies on students enrolled in an undergraduate ecology course. The two constructs of interest were (a) students' attitudes toward women in science and society and (b) students' assessment of the classroom climate for women. The data included 398 matched pretest and posttest survey responses from a control group, a minimal enrichment group, and an increased enrichment group. Findings indicated that, although small course revisions did not influence students' attitudes toward women in science and society, such revisions had a positive influence on students' assessments of the classroom climate.}, number={1}, journal={PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY}, author={Wyer, Mary and Murphy-Medley, Deena and Damschen, Ellen I. and Rosenfeld, Kristen M. and Wentworth, Thomas R.}, year={2007}, month={Mar}, pages={96–102} }
 @article{orrock_damschen_2007, title={The effect of burial depth on removal of seeds of Phytolacca americana}, volume={6}, ISSN={["1938-5412"]}, DOI={10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[151:TEOBDO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Although burial is known to have important effects on seed predation in a variety of habitats, the role of burial depth in affecting the removal of seeds in early-successional systems is poorly known. Phytolacca Americana (pokeweed) is a model species to examine the role of burial depth in affecting seed removal because it is common in early-successional habitats, studies suggest that seed removal is indicative of seed predation, and seed predation is related to the recruitment of mature plants. To determine how burial depth affects P. americana seed removal, 20 seeds of P. americana were buried at depths of 0, 1, or 3 cm in early-successional habitats at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina for over 6 weeks. The frequency with which seeds were encountered (as measured by the removal of at least one seed) and the proportion of seeds removed was significantly greater when seeds were on the soil surface (0 cm depth) compared to seeds that were buried 1 cm or 3 cm; there was no difference in encounter or removal between seeds at 1 cm or 3 cm. Our findings suggest that burial may have important consequences for P. americana population dynamics, because seed survival depends upon whether or not the seed is buried, and relatively shallow burial can yield large increases in seed survival. Because seed limitation is known to be an important determinant of plant community composition in early-successional systems, our work suggests that burial may play an unappreciated role in the dynamics of these communities by reducing predator-mediated seed limitation.}, number={1}, journal={SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST}, author={Orrock, John L. and Damschen, Ellen I.}, year={2007}, pages={151–158} }
 @article{orrock_levey_danielson_damschen_2006, title={Seed predation, not seed dispersal, explains the landscape-level abundance of an early-successional plant}, volume={94}, ISSN={["1365-2745"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01125.x}, abstractNote={Summary}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY}, author={Orrock, John L. and Levey, Douglas J. and Danielson, Brent J. and Damschen, Ellen I.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={838–845} }
 @article{orrock_damschen_2005, title={Corridors cause differential seed predation}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1939-5582"]}, DOI={10.1890/04-1129}, abstractNote={Corridors that connect disjunct populations are heavily debated in conservation, largely because the effects of corridors have rarely been evaluated by replicated, large‐scale studies. Using large‐scale experimental landscapes, we found that, in addition to documented positive effects, corridors also have negative impacts on bird‐dispersed plants by affecting seed predation, and that overall predation is a function of the seeds' primary consumer (rodents or arthropods). Both large‐seeded Prunus serotina and small‐seeded Rubus allegheniensis experienced greater predation in connected patches. However, P. serotina experienced significantly less seed predation compared to R. allegheniensis in unconnected patches, due to decreased impacts of rodent seed predators on this large‐seeded species. Viewed in light of previous evidence that corridors have beneficial impacts by increasing pollination and seed dispersal, this work demonstrates that corridors may have both positive and negative effects for the same plant species at different life stages. Moreover, these effects may differentially affect plant species within the same community: seeds primarily consumed by rodents suffer less predation in unconnected patches. By shifting the impact of rodent and arthropod seed predators, corridors constructed for plant conservation could lead to shifts in the seed bank.}, number={3}, journal={ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS}, author={Orrock, JL and Damschen, EI}, year={2005}, month={Jun}, pages={793–798} }
 @article{orrock_damschen_2005, title={Fungi-mediated mortality of seeds of two old-field plant species}, volume={132}, ISSN={["1940-0616"]}, DOI={10.3159/1095-5674(2005)132[613:FMOSOT]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Orrock, J. L. (Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011) and E. I. Damschen (Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695). Fungi-mediated mortality of seeds of two oldfield plant species. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 613–617. 2005.—Fungi are a significant source of seed mortality. Although the seeds of pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, are known to contain antifungal compounds, it is unknown if these compounds confer the presumed benefit of increased persistence of P. americana seeds in soil compared to seeds of potential competitors. We buried seeds of P. americana with seeds of a sympatric species, Chamaecrista fasciculata, that is not known to exhibit antifungal properties. Half of the buried seeds were treated with a fungicide. After three months, seeds were exhumed. Treatment of buried seeds with fungicide significantly increased the number of intact C. fasciculata seeds recovered (82% recovered with fungicide addition, 39% recovered from controls). Recovery of intact P. americana seeds was 100% for both control and fungicide treatments. Results from a complementary experiment using non-buried seeds in a growth chamber experiment confirmed that P. americana was much less susceptible to fungal attack compared to C. fasciculata. Our work demonstrates that the antifungal properties of P. americana significantly improved survival of P. americana seeds in the seedbank. Moreover, this increased survival may promote P. americana persistence in communities where species without antifungal properties, such as C. fasciculata, also exist.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY}, author={Orrock, JL and Damschen, EI}, year={2005}, pages={613–617} }
 @misc{damschen_rosenfeld_wyer_murphy-medley_wentworth_haddad_2005, title={Visibility matters: increasing knowledge of women's contributions to ecology}, volume={3}, ISSN={["1540-9309"]}, DOI={10.2307/3868465}, abstractNote={Recent scholarship about women and science is a good source of material for addressing the under-representation of women in science. This review is the result of an interdisciplinary fusion of science and women's studies to critically assess teaching tools in undergraduate ecology education. We examine: (1) the representation of women and the coverage of social and cultural context in introductory ecology textbooks, and (2) student learning about women's contributions to ecology. Discipline demographics reveal that women are presented in textbooks less often than expected, and that explicit discussions of the social and cultural context of science are rare. When course content is enriched with material about women's contributions, student's awareness of women scientists improves. Such knowledge can play a critical role in proactively challenging students' perceptions of ecology and ecologists, creating a more positive classroom climate for all students, and introducing novel avenues of questioning and discovery.}, number={4}, journal={FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT}, author={Damschen, EI and Rosenfeld, KM and Wyer, M and Murphy-Medley, D and Wentworth, TR and Haddad, NM}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={212–219} }
 @article{louda_parkhurst_bradley_bakker_knops_damschen_young_2004, title={Spatial heterogeneity, not visitation bias, dominates variation in herbivory: Reply}, volume={85}, number={10}, journal={Ecology (Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.)}, author={Louda, S. M. and Parkhurst, A. M. and Bradley, K. L. and Bakker, E. S. and Knops, J. and Damschen, E. I. and Young, L. M.}, year={2004}, pages={2906–2910} }
 @article{bradley_damschen_young_kuefler_went_wray_haddad_knops_louda_2003, title={Spatial heterogeneity, not visitation bias, dominates variation in herbivory}, volume={84}, ISSN={["0012-9658"]}, DOI={10.1890/02-3082}, abstractNote={Experiments in ecology can have unintended side effects. Recently, it has been suggested that the act of visiting a plant, inherent to studying herbivory, may alter plant performance and interactions. To evaluate the generality of this inference, we examined plant performance and herbivory on 14 plant species in three geographic regions. Visitation did not significantly affect any of the variables that we measured, including leaf damage, height, biomass, or survivorship, for any species. However, rates of herbivory varied significantly among sites and regions. Thus, our data do not support the generality of visitation impacting estimates of herbivory. We propose that future studies of herbivory will gain more by evaluating spatial heterogeneity in interaction outcomes than by quantifying possible experimenter-caused variation.}, number={8}, journal={ECOLOGY}, author={Bradley, KL and Damschen, EI and Young, LM and Kuefler, D and Went, S and Wray, G and Haddad, NM and Knops, JMH and Louda, SM}, year={2003}, month={Aug}, pages={2214–2221} }
 @article{tewksbury_levey_haddad_sargent_orrock_weldon_danielson_brinkerhoff_damschen_townsend_2002, title={Corridors affect plants, animals, and their interactions in fragmented landscapes}, volume={99}, ISSN={["0027-8424"]}, DOI={10.1073/pnas.202242699}, abstractNote={Among the most popular strategies for maintaining populations of both plants and animals in fragmented landscapes is to connect isolated patches with thin strips of habitat, called corridors. Corridors are thought to increase the exchange of individuals between habitat patches, promoting genetic exchange and reducing population fluctuations. Empirical studies addressing the effects of corridors have either been small in scale or have ignored confounding effects of increased habitat area created by the presence of a corridor. These methodological difficulties, coupled with a paucity of studies examining the effects of corridors on plants and plant–animal interactions, have sparked debate over the purported value of corridors in conservation planning. We report results of a large-scale experiment that directly address this debate. In eight large-scale experimental landscapes that control for patch area and test alternative mechanisms of corridor function, we demonstrate that corridors not only increase the exchange of animals between patches, but also facilitate two key plant–animal interactions: pollination and seed dispersal. Our results show that the beneficial effects of corridors extend beyond the area they add, and suggest that increased plant and animal movement through corridors will have positive impacts on plant populations and community interactions in fragmented landscapes.}, number={20}, journal={PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, author={Tewksbury, JJ and Levey, DJ and Haddad, NM and Sargent, S and Orrock, JL and Weldon, A and Danielson, BJ and Brinkerhoff, J and Damschen, EI and Townsend, P}, year={2002}, month={Oct}, pages={12923–12926} }