@article{harrington_mcmullen_cullen_campbell_gilger_2013, title={Diode laser endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in the normal equine eye}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01035.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and histologic effects of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in the phakic equine eye. ANIMALS STUDIED Phase I: 10 equine cadaver eyes. Phase II: four normal adult horses. PROCEDURES Phase I: ECP probe angle of reach (AR) was determined. Multiple ECP energy levels: 0.75, 0.90, 1.05, 1.20, 1.35, 1.50 J, and the resulting visible and histologic ciliary process changes were evaluated. Phase II: Ocular quadrants were treated with ECP at 0.90, 1.14, 1.38 J, and a control. The contralateral eye underwent a sham operation. Tissue changes (clinical and histologic) were evaluated. RESULTS Phase I: Mean combined AR was 162 ± 29 degrees. Mean visible tissue scores: 2.60 ± 0.58 (0.75 J) to 5.04 ± 0.30 (1.50 J) from possible total of 6. Tissue 'popping' was observed at 1.50 J. Histologic ciliary tissue damage was present at all settings. Phase II: Mean visible tissue scores: 2.90 ± 0.48 (0.90 J), 3.61 ± 0.57 (1.14 J), and 4.52 ± 0.56 (1.38 J). Tissue 'popping' was observed at 1.38 J. Histologic ciliary tissue damage was present at all settings. Clinical effects included acute inflammation, intraocular pressure reduction, cataract formation, corneal edema, corneal ulceration, and postoperative ocular hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Diode ECP between 0.90 and 1.14 J is a potential treatment option for glaucoma in horses based on visible tissue effects and target ciliary epithelium damage. Iatrogenic cataract development may limit the use of an anterior chamber approach in phakic horses. Supported in part by an ACVO VAF grant.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Harrington, Jay T. and McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Cullen, John M. and Campbell, Nigel B. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={97–110} } @article{harrington_mcmullen_clode_gilger_2013, title={Phacoemulsification and +14 diopter intraocular lens placement in a Saddlebred foal}, volume={16}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01032.x}, abstractNote={A 2-month-old, 110-kg Saddlebred filly presented for evaluation of bilateral cataracts. A hypermature cataract in the left eye (OS) and an incipient nuclear cataract in the right eye (OD) were diagnosed. Electroretinography and ocular ultrasound revealed no contraindications for surgical removal of the cataractous lens OS. Phacoemulsification and implantation of a +14 diopter (D) intraocular lens (IOL) OS were performed at 4 months of age without complication, with the exception of a partial iridectomy performed on a small iris section that prolapsed through the corneal incision. Complete ophthalmic examinations, including ocular ultrasound and streak retinoscopy, were performed 1, 2, 6 weeks, 4 months, 1, and 2 years postoperatively. Diffuse corneal edema and a superficial corneal ulcer developed OS during the early postoperative period and resolved without complication. Dyscoria was identified owing to anterior synechia of the dorsomedial iris at the incision site. Two years after surgery, menace response, palpebral reflex, dazzle reflex, and pupillary light reflexes were present in both eyes (OU). The IOL remained centrally positioned within the capsule, with mild anterior tilting of the superior portion of the IOL and mild fibrosis of the lens capsule. The postoperative net refractive error was +0.31 D OS. Based on this report, a +14 D IOL may be the appropriate choice following lens extraction in a foal to achieve refraction near emmetropia at maturity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in a foal with long-term follow-up.}, number={2}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Harrington, Jay T. and McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Clode, Alison B. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={140–148} } @article{mcmullen_davidson_gilger_2013, title={The effect of 1% tropicamide-induced mydriasis and cycloplegia on spherical refraction of the adult horse}, volume={17}, ISSN={1463-5216}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vop.12055}, DOI={10.1111/vop.12055}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of tropicamide 1% on the refractive state of the adult equine globe and identify the most appropriate time period (in relation to mydriasis) to perform streak retinoscopy. ANIMALS STUDIED Eight university-owned mares of various ages and breeds. PROCEDURES Topical tropicamide 1% was applied to one randomly selected eye from each of the horses to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia. The contralateral eyes served as controls. Streak retinoscopy and pupillometry were performed prior to, and every 5 min after tropicamide 1% installation for 90 min. RESULTS All values are expressed as mean ± SD. Both horizontal (2.8 ± 0.74 mm) and vertical (7.3 ± 1.29 mm) mean pupil diameters increased significantly (P < 0.04) in the treatment eyes compared with the control eyes (horizontal [0.48 ± 0.85 mm] and vertical [1.06 ± 1.31 mm] pupil diameter). No significant differences in the refractive states of the treatment (horizontal: +0.25 ± 0.43 D and vertical: +0.41 ± 0.37 D) or control (horizontal: +0.34 ± 0.39 D and vertical: +0.41 ± 0.37 D) eyes were identified at any time point. Three of the eight treatment eyes demonstrated blurry or reversing streak reflexes during streak retinoscopy evaluation following the application of topical tropicamide 1%. CONCLUSIONS While these reflexes did not significantly influence streak retinoscopy results, their presence may subjectively influence a novice retinoscopist's ability to obtain accurate results. Therefore, optimal streak retinoscopy results may be obtained prior to, or 40- to 45-min following the application of topical tropicamide 1%, once near-maximal dilation has been achieved.}, number={2}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Davidson, Michael G. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2013}, month={May}, pages={120–125} } @article{clode_miller_mcmullen_gilger_2012, title={A retrospective comparison of surgical removal and subsequent CO2 laser ablation versus topical administration of mitomycin C as therapy for equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1463-5224"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00982.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE   To compare the complications and nonrecurrence rate following topical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy vs. CO(2) laser ablation for treating equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN   Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION   Twenty-five horses with corneolimbal SCC. PROCEDURES   Medical records of horses undergoing surgical tumor resection followed by either topical MMC therapy (0.04%) or CO(2) laser ablation between the years of 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. Recurrence and complications were compared between groups and within MMC subgroups defined by the time at which treatment was initiated relative to surgery. RESULTS   Therapy with topical MMC resulted in a nonrecurrence rate comparable to that achieved with CO(2) laser ablation (82.4% vs. 85.7%, respectively). Initiation of MMC following epithelialization of the surgical site a mean of 15 days postoperatively did not result in increased recurrence rates relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period. Vision- or globe-threatening complications tended to occur with greater frequency in horses receiving topical MMC in the immediate postoperative period (5 of 6 major complications) relative to following epithelialization of the surgical site (1 of 6 major complications). CONCLUSIONS   Horses receiving adjunctive topical MMC therapy were no more likely to experience tumor recurrence than were horses undergoing CO(2) laser ablation in the horses in this study. Initiation of two to three rounds of MMC following epithelialization of the surgical site results in fewer major complications and achieves comparable disease resolution relative to treatment in the immediate postoperative period.}, number={4}, journal={VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY}, author={Clode, Alison B. and Miller, Chelsey and McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2012}, month={Jul}, pages={254–262} } @article{harrington_mcmullen_cullen_gilger_2012, title={Evaluation of diode endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in bovine cadaver eyes}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0002-9645"]}, DOI={10.2460/ajvr.73.9.1445}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anterior chamber approach and energy levels for endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECPC) and assess ECPC-induced tissue damage in phakic eyes of bovine cadavers. SAMPLE 12 bovine cadaver eyes. PROCEDURES Angle of reach was measured in 6 eyes following placement of a curved endoscopic probe through multiple corneal incisions. In another 6 eyes, each ocular quadrant underwent ECPC at 1 of 3 energy levels (0.75, 0.90, and 1.05 J) or remained untreated. Visible effects on tissues (whitening and contraction of ciliary processes) were scored (scale of 0 [no effects] to 6 [severe effects]), and severity and extent of histologic damage to the pigmented and nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and fibromuscular stroma were each scored (scale of 0 [no effect] to 3 [severe effect]) and summed for each quadrant. Overall mean scores for 6 quadrants/treatment were calculated. RESULTS Mean ± SD combined angle of reach was 148 ± 24° (range, 123 ± 23° [ventromedial] to 174 ± 11° [dorsolateral]). At the 0.75-, 0.90-, and 1.05-J levels, mean visible tissue effect scores were 3.12 ± 0.47, 3.86 ± 0.35, and 4.68 ± 0.58, respectively; mean histologic damage scores were 4.79 ± 1.38 (mild damage), 6.82 ± 1.47 (moderate damage), and 9.37 ± 1.42 (severe damage), respectively. Occasional popping noises (venting of vaporized interstitial water) were heard at the 1.05-J level. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multiple incisions were necessary to facilitate 360° ECPC treatment in bovine eyes. For ECPC in vivo, the 0.75- and 0.90-J energy levels had the potential to effectively treat the ciliary epithelium.}, number={9}, journal={AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH}, author={Harrington, Jay T. and McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Cullen, John M. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2012}, month={Sep}, pages={1445–1452} } @article{crasta_clode_mcmullen_pate_gilger_2010, title={Effect of three treatment protocols on acute ocular hypertension after phacoemulsification and aspiration of cataracts in dogs}, volume={13}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00748.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00748.x}, abstractNote={OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of topical latanoprost, intracameral carbachol, or no adjunctive medical therapy on the development of acute postoperative hypertension (POH) and inflammation after routine phacoemulsification and aspiration (PA) of cataracts in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective study. PROCEDURES Dogs received either one drop of topical 0.005% latanoprost (21 dogs, 39 eyes), an intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol (15 dogs, 30 eyes), or no adjunctive therapy (46 dogs, 90 eyes) immediately following PA of cataract(s). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all dogs 2 and 4 h after surgery. IOP was measured and aqueous flare assessed at 8 am the day after surgery. RESULTS Carbachol-treated dogs had significantly higher mean IOP (33.2 +/- SD 20.8 mmHg) 2 h after surgery than dogs receiving no adjunctive therapy (22.0 +/- SD 14.1 mmHg) (P = 0.049). There were no significant differences in IOP among groups at any other time point. There were no significant differences in number of POH episodes between dogs treated with carbachol (47%), latanoprost (29%), or dogs that received no adjunctive therapy (33%). There were no significant differences in mean aqueous flare grade between eyes treated with latanoprost (1.7 +/- SD 0.4) or carbachol (1.4 +/- SD 0.6), and eyes that received no adjunctive therapy (1.7 +/- SD 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Topical 0.005% latanoprost or intracameral injection of 0.3 mL of 0.01% carbachol after PA in dogs did not reduce POH or increase intraocular inflammation compared to dogs not receiving adjunctive therapy after PA of cataracts.}, number={1}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={Crasta, Manuela and Clode, Alison B. and McMullen, Richard J., Jr. and Pate, Diana O. and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2010}, month={Jan}, pages={14–19} } @article{mcmullen_clode_pandiri_malarkey_michau_gilger_2008, title={Epibulbar melanoma in a foal}, volume={11}, ISSN={1463-5216 1463-5224}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00637.x}, DOI={10.1111/j.1463-5224.2008.00637.x}, abstractNote={Abstract}, journal={Veterinary Ophthalmology}, publisher={Wiley}, author={McMullen, Richard J. and Clode, Alison B. and Pandiri, Arun Kumar R. and Malarkey, David E. and Michau, Tammy Miller and Gilger, Brian C.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={44–50} } @article{coffey_mcmullan_kelley_mcrae_2003, title={Globally convergent algorithms for nonsmooth nonlinear equations in computational fluid dynamics}, volume={152}, ISSN={["0377-0427"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0377-0427(02)00697-0}, abstractNote={In this paper we report on a computational study in which a nonsmooth discretization of the Euler equations for flow in a nozzle is solved with splitting method which is in turn globalized with the method of pseudo-transient continuation.}, number={1-2}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS}, author={Coffey, T and McMullan, RJ and Kelley, CT and McRae, DS}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={69–81} }