@article{tafreshi_pourdeyhimi_holmes_shiffler_2003, title={Simulating and characterizing water flows inside hydroentangling orifices}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750307300310}, abstractNote={ The hydroentangling technique uses cone-capillary orifice nozzles to direct high-energy water jets against loose fiber webs. This study simulates the effects of orifice configuration on the water-jet properties. An axisymmetric steady-state model is considered for this two-phase system. The turbulent water jet is simulated using a realizable k - ε model, and the behaviors of cone-up and cone-down geometries are investigated. The simulation reveals that the water jet produced by a cone-up orifice keeps contact with the walls all the way through the orifice and may undergo cavitation to reduce the water-jet intact length and damage to the orifice surface. In contrast, the cone-down geometry can form a constricted water jet that is enveloped by an air gap, which separates the water from the orifice surface and therefore prevents cavitation. The results are in excellent agreement with previous experimental studies. }, number={3}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Tafreshi, HV and Pourdeyhimi, B and Holmes, R and Shiffler, D}, year={2003}, month={Mar}, pages={256–262} }
 @article{berkalp_pourdeyhimi_seyam_holmes_2003, title={Texture retention after fabric-to-fabric abrasion}, volume={73}, ISSN={["0040-5175"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750307300407}, abstractNote={ Changes in appearance brought about by mechanical abrasion may be evaluated with respect to changes in image texture properties, e.g., periodicity. This paper discusses the application of gray-scale image analysis to texture periodicity measurements in fabrics. The techniques described are appropriate for "ordered" textures with relatively well defined features such as the Miratec® class of fabrics. Our samples consist of three sets, a woven twill, a Miratec (nonwoven) twill, and a loosely bonded herringbone hydroentangled nonwoven. In general, our data show that mechanical wear may result in a decrease in texture definition and a tendency toward randomness. The Miratec fabric shows that at the same level of wear, the structure retains its appearance and exhibits no loss of texture. }, number={4}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Berkalp, OB and Pourdeyhimi, B and Seyam, A and Holmes, R}, year={2003}, month={Apr}, pages={316–321} }