@article{soora_gosalia_humayun_lazzi_2008, title={A comparison of two and three dimensional dipole antennas for an implantable retinal prosthesis}, volume={56}, ISSN={["0018-926X"]}, DOI={10.1109/tap.2008.916889}, abstractNote={The feasibility is investigated using three dimensional folded dipole antennas as a data-telemetry implantable receiving antenna in a dual-unit retinal prosthesis to restore partial vision to the blind. Three dimensional designs are explored in an effort to enhance certain antenna characteristics such as bandwidth and maximum gain while reducing the planar footprint size in comparison to its two dimensional equivalent. The current vector alignment between the three dimensional layers are examined through folding and rotating the dipole arms with respect to each other to fully optimize the antenna's characteristics. The performance of the 2D and 3D antennas were compared in simulations and further examined by fabricating and characterizing the performance in a transmit/ receive system in air and inside eye phantoms. Results show that three-dimensional antennas can provide larger bandwidth while being physically smaller than the correspondent two-dimensional ones, thus providing larger channel capacity that could lead to a system with an increased number of stimulating electrodes.}, number={3}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION}, author={Soora, Shruthi and Gosalia, Keyoor and Humayun, Mark S. and Lazzi, Gianluca}, year={2008}, month={Mar}, pages={622–629} }
 @article{gosalia_humayun_lazzi_2005, title={Impedance matching and implementation of planar space-filling dipoles as intraocular implanted antennas in a retinal prosthesis}, volume={53}, ISSN={["1558-2221"]}, DOI={10.1109/TAP.2005.852514}, abstractNote={In this work, an extremely compact planar meander line dipole is designed and implemented for use as an intraocular element in a retinal prosthesis. This planar meander dipole antenna exhibits a high degree of current vector alignment and is impedance matched by inducing a current phase reversal along its length. This current phase reversal is induced by a minor offset in feed location which yields a highly directive broadside radiation pattern on this particular planar antenna geometry. This concept is applied in designing and implementing a 6/spl times/6 mm planar compact wire dipole at 1.4 GHz as the intraocular element for the data telemetry link of a retinal prosthesis. Coupling measurements between an external microstrip patch antenna and the intraocular wire dipole are presented and compared with those obtained with intraocular microstrip patch antennas in place of the wire dipole. It is demonstrated that such compact meander dipoles can perform better than previously reported microstrip patch antennas as intraocular elements for a retinal prosthesis.}, number={8}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION}, author={Gosalia, K and Humayun, MS and Lazzi, G}, year={2005}, month={Aug}, pages={2365–2373} }
 @article{gosalia_lazzi_humayun_2004, title={Investigation of a microwave data telemetry link for a retinal prosthesis}, volume={52}, ISSN={["1557-9670"]}, DOI={10.1109/TMTT.2004.832007}, abstractNote={In this paper, we investigate a novel approach of establishing a data telemetry link for a dual-unit retinal prosthesis at microwave frequencies (1.45 and 2.45 GHz) using a pair of microstrip patch antennas. Appropriately sized extraocular (25/spl times/25 mm) and intraocular (6/spl times/6 mm) antennas are designed to operate at both the frequencies using the finite-difference time-domain method, and the coupling between them is examined computationally in the presence of a 0.25-mm resolution human-head model. Good agreement between numerical and experimental coupling results is shown and it is observed that the eyeball acts as a dielectric lens for the implanted antenna, thus improving the coupling between the extraocular and intraocular antennas. Specific absorption rate (SAR) computations are also performed at both the frequencies, and the peak 1-g SAR value is calculated. Detailed analysis of the design issues of the antennas, results of the numerical and experimental coupling measurements, and SAR calculations are presented.}, number={8}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES}, author={Gosalia, K and Lazzi, G and Humayun, M}, year={2004}, month={Aug}, pages={1925–1933} }
 @article{gosalia_weiland_humayun_lazzi_2004, title={Thermal elevation in the human eye and head due to the operation of a retinal prosthesis}, volume={51}, DOI={10.1109/TMBE.2004.827548}, number={8}, journal={IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, author={Gosalia, K. and Weiland, J. and Humayun, M. and Lazzi, G.}, year={2004}, pages={1469–1477} }
 @article{gosalia_lazzi_2003, title={Reduced size, dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications}, volume={51}, ISSN={["1558-2221"]}, DOI={10.1109/TAP.2003.816344}, abstractNote={A novel, compact, probe-fed microstrip patch antenna for operation in dual-polarization mode is proposed. The novel design is achieved by etching out a symmetric pattern of crossed slots from the surface of a square probe-fed patch. Reduction in patch size of up to 51% with respect to a traditional dual-polarized square patch operating at the same frequency is obtained. Results show linear polarizations in the +45 and -45/spl deg/ with a high isolation of 38 dB between the two ports. Moreover, the 50-/spl Omega/ feed position can be achieved by moving the feed point along the diagonal of the square patch, leading to ease in fabrication.}, number={9}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION}, author={Gosalia, K and Lazzi, G}, year={2003}, month={Sep}, pages={2182–2186} }