@article{cheema_qureshi_havenstein_ferket_nestor_2007, title={Comparison of the immune response of 2003 commercial turkeys and a 1966 randombred strain when fed representative 2003 and 1966 turkey diets}, volume={86}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/86.2.241}, abstractNote={The immunological performance of modern turkeys (one-third each of the Nicholas Turkey, British United Turkeys of America, and Hybrid Turkey strains) hatched in 2003 (2003 strain) was compared with that of a randombred control turkey strain (RBC2) established in calendar year 1966, when fed representative 1966 and 2003 type diets. The 2003 strain had a higher BW and bursa of Fabricius weight relative to total BW compared with the RBC2 strain (P = 0.0001) when measured at 12 and 13 d of age, respectively. Total antibody response against SRBC did not differ between strains, nor were any differences observed in the IgM antibody levels either during a primary or secondary SRBC challenge. However, RBC2 poults had higher IgG levels (P = 0.02) than the 2003 strain at 7 d post secondary SRBC challenge. No significant differences were observed in the phytohemagglutinin phosphate-mediated toe-web lymphoblastic response. However, the 2003-strain turkeys seemed to have a better swelling response (P = 0.06) than the RBC2-strain turkeys when measured at 24 h post phytohemagglutinin phosphate injection. The modern turkeys also had higher mononuclear phagocytic system function, as measured by clearance of carbon particles from the bloodstream 5 min post intravenous injection of colloidal carbon (P = 0.02). These results indicate that selection over the years of turkeys for improved performance traits has had no adverse effects on most of the immune system indicators when examined prior to sexual maturity in the current study.}, number={2}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Cheema, M. A. and Qureshi, M. A. and Havenstein, G. B. and Ferket, P. R. and Nestor, K. E.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={241–248} }
 @article{cheema_qureshi_havenstein_2003, title={A comparison of the immune profile of commercial broiler strains when raised on marginal and high protein diets}, volume={2}, ISBN={1682-8356}, DOI={10.3923/ijps.2003.300.312}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to compare the immunocompetence of four commercial broiler strains (Ross 3F8, Ross x Cobb, Ross 308 and Cobb x Cobb (CC)) that were fed either a marginal protein diet (D1) or a high protein diet (D2) for the starter and finisher diets, respectively. Strain CC showed comparatively higher and more persistent antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (P < 0.0182) as well as higher macrophage phagocytic function for SRBC uptake (P = 0.0118) than the other strains. The Ross 308 strain had significantly greater cell mediated immune response, as measured by T-lymphocyte proliferation response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), P < 0.04) and Concanavalin-A (Con-A) (P < 0.0281), as well as for the chemotaxis response to formyl-met-leu-phe (P < 0.0019) than the other strains. The diet effect was variable for monocyte-macrophage functions, but birds on the high protein diets showed higher cell- mediated response than the birds on the low protein diets when measured by Con-A and PHA-P responses. An interaction between strains and diets was seen for antibody response with the Ross 308 showing higher titers on D1 while the CC had greater antibody response when raised on D2. These results suggest that genetic differences exist between various commercial broiler chicken lines for cell mediated, humoral and innate immune responses. Furthermore, dietary protein levels appear to influence the immune response levels of broiler chickens but the response obtained varies by strain. The results of these studies imply that immunocompetence is genetically controlled, and, therefore some measures of immunocompetence could be considered as a selection criterion while selecting for performance traits.}, number={5}, journal={International Journal of Poultry Science}, author={Cheema, M. A. and Qureshi, M. A. and Havenstein, G. B.}, year={2003}, pages={300} }
 @article{cheema_qureshi_havenstein_2003, title={A comparison of the immune response of a 2001 commercial broiler with a 1957 randombred broiler strain when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets}, volume={82}, ISSN={["0032-5791"]}, DOI={10.1093/ps/82.10.1519}, abstractNote={Immunocompetence of the 2001 Ross 308 broiler strain and the 1957 Athens Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) strain was compared when they were given diets representative of those that were being used in 1957 and 2001. Antibody response against SRBC, in vivo lymphoproliferation against Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), and inflammatory and phagocytic responses of the macrophages were measured. The Ross 308 strain on the 2001 diet had higher BW at 24 d of age (P = 0.0001), whereas the ACRBC had greater lymphoid organ weights (except thymus) relative to BW (P < or = 0.003). The ACRBC strain showed greater antibody responses against SRBC than the 2001 Ross 308 birds for much of the trial (P < or = 0.0362). However, the Ross 308 broilers had greater PHA-P-induced toe-web swelling response (P < or = 0.0129). Inflammatory exudate cell numbers were higher in the Ross 308 broilers than in the ACRBC birds (P = 0.0261). The percentage of macrophages that phagocytized SRBC was comparable between the two strains, but the number of SRBC phagocytized by individual macrophages was higher (P = 0.0122) in the Ross 308 broiler than in the ACRBC chickens. Nitrite production by macrophages following lipopolysacharide stimulation was comparable between the two strains. Interactions of diet, strain, and sex were inconsistent among all parameters tested. In conclusion, the current study suggested that genetic selection for improved broiler performance has resulted in a decrease in the adaptive arm of the immune response but an increase in the cell-mediated and inflammatory responses.}, number={10}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Cheema, MA and Qureshi, MA and Havenstein, GB}, year={2003}, month={Oct}, pages={1519–1529} }