@article{arthur_kleiter_thrall_pruitt_2008, title={Characterization of normal tissue complications in 51 dogs undergoing definitive pelvic region irradiation}, volume={49}, ISSN={["1740-8261"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00322.x}, abstractNote={Our objective was to further characterize the late normal tissue complications developing after definitive irradiation of pelvic region tumors in dogs, and to search for prognostic factors. The medical records of dogs receiving definitive irradiation of the pelvic region between 1987 and 2005 were reviewed. The following criteria were established for inclusion: total dose ≥45 Gy, a portion of colon in the primary field, and a minimum of 6 months follow‐up. Fifty‐one dogs were identified. Prognostic factors evaluated included multiple descriptors of the patient, tumor and radiation treatment. One or more late complications were documented in 20 of 51 patients (39%). Complications were necrotic drainage/ulceration in the skin and subcutaneous tissues within the radiation field (n=7), chronic colitis (n=4), strictures (n=4), osteopenia (n=2), and one each rectal perforation, urinary bladder thickening, iliosacral osteosarcoma, pelvic limb edema, and perianal pain. Two prognostic factors were identified. There was an increase in complications in dogs with perineal tumors compared with other pelvic region sites (P=0.04), and also in dogs with larger radiation fields (P=0.04). The finding of an association of tumor site to complications may be a spurious finding and the association between field size and complications is not unexpected although absolute difference in field size between dogs with and without complications was small. There was no association between development of complications and survival. Based on the observed complication rate, consideration can be given to reducing dose per fraction in dogs receiving definitive pelvic region irradiation to <3 Gy.}, number={1}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Arthur, Jennifer J. and Kleiter, Miriam M. and Thrall, Donald E. and Pruitt, Amy F.}, year={2008}, pages={85–89} }
 @article{kleiter_yu_mohammadian_niehaus_spasojevic_sanders_viglianti_yarmolenko_hauck_petry_et al._2006, title={A tracer dose of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes can estimate the effect of hyperthermia on intratumoral Doxil extravasation}, volume={12}, ISSN={["1078-0432"]}, DOI={10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0839}, abstractNote={Abstract
               Purpose: A noninvasive method to monitor intratumoral Doxil delivery in individual patients during targeted tumor therapy is important to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to determine if a small tracer dose of technetium-99m (99mTc)–labeled liposomes could be used to quantify the effect of local hyperthermia on intratumoral Doxil extravasation.
               Experimental Design: Experiments were carried out in a rat fibrosarcoma model with transplanted thigh tumors. Liposomes of approximately same size and composition as Doxil were radiolabeled using [technetium-99m (99mTc)]exametazime. Eight treatment groups received either Doxil, a tracer dose or a large dose of 99mTc-labeled liposomes, or a combination of tracer and Doxil, with or without hyperthermia. This design was chosen to assure that coadministration of both liposomal formulations did not influence their intratumoral distribution. Hyperthermia was done for 45 minutes. Scintigraphic images were obtained at 5 and 18 hours. At 18 hours, tumors were removed and gamma counts as well as doxorubicin concentrations were measured.
               Results: Intratumoral extravasation of the 99mTc-labeled tracer could be imaged scintigraphically under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The thermal enhancement ratio was slightly higher for radiolabeled liposomes than for doxorubicin concentration. However, there was a significant positive correlation of intratumoral doxorubicin concentration and intratumoral uptake of the radiolabeled tracer (expressed as percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue). Coadministration of radiolabeled liposomes did not negatively influence the amount of drug delivered with Doxil.
               Conclusions: The use of a radiolabeled tracer has potential value to monitor drug delivery and estimate the effect of an intervention aimed to increase liposomal accumulation, such as local hyperthermia.}, number={22}, journal={CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH}, author={Kleiter, Miriam M. and Yu, Daohai and Mohammadian, Lenore A. and Niehaus, Nelsen and Spasojevic, Ivan and Sanders, Linda and Viglianti, Benjamin L. and Yarmolenko, Pavel S. and Hauck, Marlene and Petry, Neil A. and et al.}, year={2006}, month={Nov}, pages={6800–6807} }
 @article{kleiter_thrall_malarkey_ji_lee_chou_raleigh_2006, title={A comparison of oral and intravenous pimonidazole in canine tumors using intravenous CCI-103F as a control hypoxia marker}, volume={64}, ISSN={["1879-355X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.09.010}, abstractNote={{"Label"=>"PURPOSE", "NlmCategory"=>"OBJECTIVE"} Pimonidazole HCl is widely used in immunohistochemical analyses of hypoxia in normal and malignant tissues. The present study investigates oral administration as a means of minimizing invasiveness. {"Label"=>"METHODS AND MATERIALS", "NlmCategory"=>"METHODS"} Twelve dogs with confirmed malignancy received 0.5 g/m2 of pimonidazole HCl: 6 by mouth and 6 by i.v. infusion. All dogs received i.v. CCI-103F as a control. Plasma levels of pimonidazole, pimonidazole N-oxide, and CCI-103F were measured. Tumor biopsies were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, immunostained, and analyzed for pimonidazole and CCI-103F binding. pH dependence for pimonidazole and CCI-103F binding was studied in vitro. {"Label"=>"RESULTS", "NlmCategory"=>"RESULTS"} Pimonidazole and CCI-103F binding in carcinomas and sarcomas was strongly correlated for both oral and i.v. pimonidazole HCl (r2=0.97). On average, the extent of pimonidazole binding exceeded that for CCI-103F by a factor of approximately 1.2, with the factor ranging from 1.0 to 1.65. Binding of both markers was pH dependent, but pimonidazole binding was greater at all values of pH. {"Label"=>"CONCLUSIONS", "NlmCategory"=>"CONCLUSIONS"} Oral pimonidazole HCl is effective as a hypoxia marker in spontaneously arising canine tumors. Selective cellular uptake and concomitant higher levels of binding in regions of hypoxia at the high end of pH gradients might account for the greater extent of pimonidazole binding.}, number={2}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS}, author={Kleiter, MM and Thrall, DE and Malarkey, DE and Ji, XS and Lee, DYW and Chou, SC and Raleigh, JA}, year={2006}, month={Feb}, pages={592–602} }
 @article{kleiter_malarkey_ruslander_thrall_2004, title={Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in canine epithelial nasal tumors}, volume={45}, ISSN={["1058-8183"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04046.x}, abstractNote={Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is an enzyme upregulated in some human and animal tumors. Enzymatic products are associated with tumorigenic activities. Given the poor response of canine nasal tumors to radiation, we considered the possibility that some of this resistance may be associated with COX‐2 expression. To test this, 21 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, and archived biopsy samples from canine epithelial nasal tumors were analyzed for COX‐2 expression using immunohistochemistry. The biopsies were collected from dogs prior to radiation therapy. COX‐2 expression was present in 17 of 21 (81%) tumors. The expression was observed in several different tumor types, including nasal carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas. Samples from five control dogs without nasal neoplasia were also analyzed for COX‐2 staining. These specimens were characterized by varying degrees of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis with scattered regions of COX‐2 positive respiratory epithelial and stromal cells. Whether the intensity and distribution of COX‐2 expression in nasal tumors can be used as a prognostic marker requires further investigation. A combination therapy of irradiation and a selective COX‐2 inhibitor appears worthy of clinical investigation in the treatment of canine epithelial nasal tumors.}, number={3}, journal={VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND}, author={Kleiter, M and Malarkey, DE and Ruslander, DE and Thrall, DE}, year={2004}, pages={255–260} }
 @article{luckschander_kleiter_willmann_2003, title={Renal amyloidosis in a dog with chronic Ehrlichiosis}, volume={145}, number={10}, journal={Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde}, author={Luckschander, N. and Kleiter, M. and Willmann, M.}, year={2003}, pages={482–485} }