@book{handbook of yarn production_2003, ISBN={1855736969}, publisher={Boca Raton: CRC Press}, year={2003} }
 @article{lord_rust_1991, title={FIBER ASSEMBLY IN FRICTION SPINNING}, volume={82}, ISSN={["0040-5000"]}, DOI={10.1080/00405009108659233}, abstractNote={Both classic and novel research methods were used to study a number of questions concerning the mechanisms involved with fiber assembly in friction open-end spinning of cotton yarns. The equipment used was a much-modified DREF-3 friction-spinning unit with replaced suction rolls and equipped with a comber-roll assembly from a Platt 881 rotor-spinning unit Reynolds-number simulation in a water medium provided a means of determining the source of flow instabilities in the vicinity of the nip. Considerable energy losses were found as a result of flow inefficiencies in the inner cylinders, and methods of improving the cylinder design were suggested. The use of short-duration flash techniques provided a means of determining fiber orientation prior to accumulation and assembly on the yarn tail. These techniques made it possible to photograph the yarn tail forming as well as the gradual tightening of the structure upstream of the original yarn-forming position. Determination of mechanisms of capture of the fiber by the yarn tail were also a result of the high-speed photographs. The theory of fiber escape from the yarn tail during the initial introduction was hypothesized and viewed as a complement to the various capture mechanisms.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}, author={LORD, PR and RUST, JP}, year={1991}, pages={465–478} }
 @article{rust_lord_1991, title={VARIATIONS IN YARN PROPERTIES CAUSED BY A SERIES OF DESIGN CHANGES IN A FRICTION SPINNING MACHINE}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051759106101104}, abstractNote={ The structure of friction open-end yarns made with a much modified DREF 3 friction spinning unit with replaced suction rolls and equipped with a comber roll assembly from a Platt 881 rotor spinning unit was studied and found to be dissimilar to that of ring spun yarns. Migration theory, as it is known in ring spinning, was inadequate for friction spun yarns. Classical tracer fiber studies allowed yarn structure to be characterized, and fiber extent was poor. Of the three fiber shapes found in the yam, two had characteristics of very poor fiber extent. A series of design changes was evaluated by characterizing yarn structure and measuring yarn properties. Two methods of fiber feed were compared: applying the fibers first to the ingoing roll with subsequent transfer to the yarn tail, and applying the fibers directly to the rotating yarn tail. Changes in comber roll design led to improved fiber orientation prior to assembly onto the yarn tail and, ultimately, to improved fiber length utilization in the yarn. The design of a blank beneath the nip of the suction rolls was used to restrain fluid turbulence in the nip. The fiber feed angle had distinct effects on yarn structure and properties. }, number={11}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={RUST, JP and LORD, PR}, year={1991}, month={Nov}, pages={645–655} }
 @book{weaving: conversion of yarn to fabric_1973, ISBN={0900541784}, publisher={Watford, Eng.: Merrow}, year={1973} }