@article{park_fan_wang_huang_2010, title={A Sample-Data Model for Double Edge Current Programmed Mode Control (DECPM) in High-Frequency and Wide-Range DC-DC Converters}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1941-0107"]}, DOI={10.1109/tpel.2009.2036618}, abstractNote={This paper focuses on a sample-data model for double edge current programmed mode control (DECPM) and its application to high-frequency and wide-range dc-dc converters. Steady-state conditions and subharmonic oscillation issues for DECPM are addressed. By combining the conventional peak and valley current programmed mode control, a sample-data model for DECPM is proposed. A small signal model for DECPM is developed by deriving the modulation gains (Fm) and the sampling gains (He) for DECPM from the proposed sample-data model. The sampling frequency dependence on the duty ratio and a large current loop gain at high frequency for DECPM are emphasized. The analytical results are verified by the simulation. Finally, DECPM is proposed as a method to control the high-frequency and wide-range dc-dc converters. A 10-MHz four-switch buck boost converter is implemented with DECPM to verify the viability of its application to high-frequency and wide-range converters.}, number={4}, journal={IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS}, author={Park, Jinseok and Fan, Jiwei and Wang, Xiaopeng and Huang, Alex}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={1023–1033} }
 @article{manson_lecher_gu_geiser_schlueter_henning_wang_schultz_koo_whangbo_2003, title={Cu(HCO2)(2)L {L = pyrazine, 4,4 '-bipyridine}: employing the formate anion as a building block in three-dimensional coordination polymers}, ISSN={["1477-9234"]}, DOI={10.1039/b302631k}, abstractNote={The formate anion, HCO2−, has been used infrequently as a building block in molecular magnetic materials. We have synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized two new Cu(HCO2)2L compounds, where L represents pyrazine (pyz) and 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy). The single crystal structure of Cu(HCO2)2(pyz), 1, has been established by both X-ray (295 K) and neutron diffraction (20 K). The compound consists of tetragonally-elongated CuN2O4 octahedra made up of four bridging formate anions and two neutral pyz ligands. The 3D polymeric network is comprised of 2D Cu(HCO2)2 layers that are fused together by the linear pyz spacers, which form Cu–pyz-Cu chains. Cu(HCO2)2(bipy), 2, is chiral and has a more complex framework than 1. The CuO4N2 octahedra align in two unique orientations relative to one another, owing to the 41 and 21 screw axes that lie along the a and b-axes. The octahedra are connected via four bridging HCO2− anions and two bridging bipy ligands, resulting in a unique 3D scaffold structure. The magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 indicates antiferro- and ferromagnetic interactions, respectively, and the exchange couplings in both 1 and 2 are well reproduced by a 1D spin Hamiltonian. Spin dimer analysis was carried out to evaluate the relative strengths of the various spin exchange paths. It is found that the interaction through HCO2− is comparatively weak, and the strong Cu2+ spin exchange interactions are mediated by the pyz and bipy ligands via the σ-pathway. A possible reason as to why 2 displays ferromagnetic coupling is proposed.}, number={14}, journal={DALTON TRANSACTIONS}, author={Manson, JL and Lecher, JG and Gu, JY and Geiser, U and Schlueter, JA and Henning, R and Wang, XP and Schultz, AJ and Koo, HJ and Whangbo, MH}, year={2003}, pages={2905–2911} }
 @article{wang_issaev_osteryoung_1998, title={A novel gold electroplating system: Gold(I)-iodide-thiosulfate}, volume={145}, ISSN={["0013-4651"]}, DOI={10.1149/1.1838374}, abstractNote={The electrodeposition of gold from a new electroplating system for gold that contains iodide and thiosulfate has been studied using rotating disk voltammetry. The cathodic electron transfer is slow, with a transfer coefficient of α = 0.76 ± 0.02, and is coupled with a preceding chemical reaction, the formation of the complex ion Au(S 2 O 3 ) 2 3 . The magnitude of the current contribution from the chemical step can be made negligible by using high concentrations of thiosulfate and by the proper choice of supporting electrolyte. High quality gold deposits with a very high aspect ratio have been obtained through a photoresist mask from this plating bath under optimized conditions. The choice of univalent salt as supporting electrolyte affects markedly the electroreduction of Au(I).}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY}, author={Wang, XP and Issaev, N and Osteryoung, JG}, year={1998}, month={Mar}, pages={974–981} }