@article{flowers_poore_mullen_levy_2004, title={Digeneans collected from piscivorous birds in north Carolina, USA}, volume={71}, ISSN={["1938-2952"]}, DOI={10.1654/4117}, abstractNote={Abstract During investigations of digenetic fluke diseases of aquaculture fish, 11 digeneans (Apharyngostrigea simplex, Apharyngostrigea cornu, Diplostomum compactum, Diplostomum spathaceum, Posthodiplostomum minimum, Hysteromorpha triloba, Clinostomum marginatum, Drepanocephalus spathans, Mesorchis denticulatus, Microparyphium facetum, and Notocotylus pacifera) were collected from 5 species of piscivorous birds (Ardea herodias, Fulica americana, Larus delawarensis, Nycticorax nycticorax, and Phalacrocorax auritus) from North Carolina, U.S.A. Apharyngostrigea simplex from A. herodias represents a new host record. Diplostomum spathaceum, P. minimum, C. marginatum, and M. denticulatus have previously been reported from North Carolina; the remainder represent new locality records.}, number={2}, journal={COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY}, author={Flowers, JR and Poore, MF and Mullen, JE and Levy, MG}, year={2004}, month={Jul}, pages={243–244} }
 @article{levy_flowers_poore_mullen_khoo_pote_paperna_dzikowski_litaker_2002, title={Morphologic, pathologic, and genetic investigations of Bolbophorus species affecting cultured channel catfish in the Mississippi delta}, volume={14}, ISSN={["0899-7659"]}, DOI={10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0235:MPAGIO>2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Trematodes belonging to the genus Bolbophorus have recently been reported as the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in cultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in Mississippi and Louisiana. Previous investigators identified only a single species, B. confusus. In this investigation, genetic techniques were used to identify all stages of the parasite in all of its hosts. The 18s rRNA genes from specimens collected in Mississippi were sequenced and compared; this analysis revealed that there are two distinct species, B. damnificus (previously identified as B. confusus) and another, undescribed species. (Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a third species, B. levantinus, is also closely related to the Mississippi species.) Species-specific polymerase chain reaction assays capable of identifying and differentiating between these two parasites were developed. Both species were found to infect the first intermediate host (the ram's horn snail Planorbella trivolvis) in commercial channel catfish ponds, but only B. damnificus was recovered from the fish themselves. The new, unidentified Bolbophorus species was determined to be highly pathogenic to a number of fish species. The contribution of B. damnificus to disease in cultured channel catfish remains undetermined. Future investigations of these parasites must now take into account the presence of two distinct species.}, number={4}, journal={JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH}, author={Levy, MG and Flowers, JR and Poore, MF and Mullen, JE and Khoo, LH and Pote, LM and Paperna, I and Dzikowski, R and Litaker, RW}, year={2002}, month={Dec}, pages={235–246} }