@article{dhawan_du_batchelor_wang_leonard_misra_ozturk_gerhold_vo-dinh_2011, title={Hybrid Top-Down and Bottom-Up Fabrication Approach for Wafer-Scale Plasmonic Nanoplatforms}, volume={7}, ISSN={["1613-6810"]}, DOI={10.1002/smll.201002186}, abstractNote={Bridging the nanoscale level of probe fabrication and the megascale dimensions of sensor systems is one of the greatest challenges in the development of large-area plasmonic sensing platforms. We report a generalized hybrid nanofabrication approach combining top-down (deep-UV lithography) and bottom-up (controlled lateral epitaxial growth and atomic layer deposition) fabrication techniques for the development of nanostructured platforms. This technology allows the development of reproducible substrates with controlled sub-10 nm gaps between plasmonic nanostructures over an entire 6 inch wafer (1 inch ≈ 2.54 cm). By integrating soft matter (DNA probes) and hard matter (silicon nanochips), these}, number={6}, journal={SMALL}, author={Dhawan, Anuj and Du, Yan and Batchelor, Dale and Wang, Hsin-Neng and Leonard, Donovon and Misra, Veena and Ozturk, Mehmet and Gerhold, Michael D. and Vo-Dinh, Tuan}, year={2011}, month={Mar}, pages={727–731} }
 @article{vo-dinh_dhawan_norton_khoury_wang_misra_gerhold_2010, title={Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Nanowires: Design, Fabrication and Application in Sensing}, volume={114}, ISSN={["1932-7455"]}, DOI={10.1021/jp911355q}, abstractNote={This study involves two aspects of our investigations of plasmonics-active systems: (i) theoretical and simulation studies and (ii) experimental fabrication of plasmonics-active nanostructures. Two types of nanostructures are selected as the model systems for their unique plasmonics properties: (1) nanoparticles and (2) nanowires on substrate. Special focus is devoted to regions where the electromagnetic field is strongly concentrated by the metallic nanostructures or between nanostructures. The theoretical investigations deal with dimers of nanoparticles and nanoshells using a semi-analytical method based on a multipole expansion (ME) and the finite-element method (FEM) in order to determine the electromagnetic enhancement, especially at the interface areas of two adjacent nanoparticles. The experimental study involves the design of plasmonics-active nanowire arrays on substrates that can provide efficient electromagnetic enhancement in regions around and between the nanostructures. Fabrication of these nanowire structures over large chip-scale areas (from a few millimeters to a few centimeters) as well as FDTD simulations to estimate the EM fields between the nanowires are described. The application of these nanowire chips using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for detection of chemicals and labeled DNA molecules is described to illustrate the potential of the plasmonics chips for sensing.}, number={16}, journal={JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C}, author={Vo-Dinh, Tuan and Dhawan, Anuj and Norton, Stephen J. and Khoury, Christopher G. and Wang, Hsin-Neng and Misra, Veena and Gerhold, Michael D.}, year={2010}, month={Apr}, pages={7480–7488} }
 @article{dhawan_muth_2008, title={Engineering surface plasmon based fiber-optic sensors}, volume={149}, ISSN={["0921-5107"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.mseb.2007.09.076}, abstractNote={Ordered arrays of nanoholes with subwavelength diameters, and submicron array periodicity were fabricated on the tips of gold-coated optical fibers using focused ion beam (FIB) milling. This provided a convenient platform for evaluating extraordinary transmission of light through subwavelength apertures and allowed the implementation of nanostructures for surface plasmon engineered sensors. The fabrication procedure was straightforward and implemented on single mode and multimode optical fibers as well as etched and tapered fiber tips. Control of the periodicity and spacing of the nanoholes allowed the wavelength of operation to be tailored. Large changes in optical transmission were observed at the designed wavelengths, depending on the surrounding refractive index, allowing the devices to be used as fiber-optic sensors.}, number={3}, journal={MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS}, author={Dhawan, Anui and Muth, John F.}, year={2008}, month={Apr}, pages={237–241} }
 @misc{dhawan_ghosh_seyam_muth_2008, title={Fabric and yarn structures for improving signal integrity in fabric-based electrical circuits}, volume={7,348,285}, number={2008 Mar. 25}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Dhawan, A. and Ghosh, T. K. and Seyam, A. M. and Muth, J.}, year={2008} }
 @article{dhawan_muth_leonard_gerhold_gleeson_vo-dinh_russell_2008, title={Focused in beam fabrication of metallic nanostructures on end faces of optical fibers for chemical sensing applications}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1071-1023"]}, DOI={10.1116/1.3013329}, abstractNote={Focused ion beam (FIB) fabrication of fiber optic sensors, mainly chemical sensors, which are based on plasmonics-active nanostructures formed on the cleaved tips of optical fibers, is reported. The nanostructures fabricated included nanoholes in optically thick metallic films as well as metallic nanopillars and nanorods. The sensing mechanism is based on detecting shifts in surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) associated with nanoholes in metallic films and localized SPRs of metallic nanopillars and nanorods, when the refractive index of the medium surrounding the nanostructures is changed. These sensors can be employed for the detection of chemical agents in air as well as liquid media surrounding the sensors. FIB milling was employed to fabricate ordered arrays of nanoholes in optically thick (100–240nm) metallic films deposited on cleaved end faces of multimode, four-mode, and single-mode optical fibers. Separately, metallic nanorods and nanopillars were formed by first depositing a metallic (gold or sil...}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B}, author={Dhawan, A. and Muth, J. F. and Leonard, D. N. and Gerhold, M. D. and Gleeson, J. and Vo-Dinh, T. and Russell, P. E.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={2168–2173} }
 @misc{dhawan_ghosh_muth_seyam_2008, title={Methods and systems for selectively connecting and disconnecting conductors in a fabric}, volume={7,329,323}, number={2008 Feb. 12}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Dhawan, A. and Ghosh, T. K. and Muth, J. and Seyam, A.}, year={2008} }
 @article{suresh_gollakota_wellenius_dhawan_muth_2008, title={Transparent, high mobility of InGaZnO thin films deposited by PLD}, volume={516}, ISSN={["0040-6090"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.153}, abstractNote={Transparent oxide semiconductor, InGaZnO, thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. The carrier concentration was found to vary by several orders of magnitude from insulating to 1019 carriers/cm3 depending on the oxygen partial pressure during deposition. Hall mobilities as high as 16 cm2/V s were observed. This is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the mobility of amorphous silicon and indicates that InGaO3(ZnO)x with x ≤ 5 may be suitable for transparent, thin film transistor applications. Post-deposition annealing was found to strongly influence the carrier concentration while annealing effects on the electron mobility was less influential.}, number={7}, journal={THIN SOLID FILMS}, author={Suresh, Arun and Gollakota, Praveen and Wellenius, Patrick and Dhawan, Anuj and Muth, John F.}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={1326–1329} }
 @article{zhang_dhawan_wellenius_suresh_muth_2007, title={Planar ZnO ultraviolet modulator}, volume={91}, ISSN={["0003-6951"]}, DOI={10.1063/1.2770995}, abstractNote={A planar electroabsorption modulator suitable for spatial light modulation has been constructed. The device operates near the band edge of zinc oxide at 3.3eV and is based on broadening and shifting of the unconfined exciton with an externally applied electric field. The ZnO active layer was deposited on an aluminum/titanium oxide dielectric on an indium tin oxide conducting layer on glass. A transparent conductive InGaZnO layer on a spin on glass insulator served as the top contact, allowing high electric fields to be applied transverse to the ZnO layer. The modulator operates at room temperature in transmission mode with +45% modulation at 373nm and −18% modulation at 380nm at 140V applied bias, corresponding to ∼450kV∕cm electric field across the ZnO active layer.}, number={7}, journal={APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS}, author={Zhang, X. Y. and Dhawan, A. and Wellenius, P. and Suresh, A. and Muth, J. F.}, year={2007}, month={Aug} }
 @article{suresh_wellenius_dhawan_muth_2007, title={Room temperature pulsed laser deposited indium gallium zinc oxide channel based transparent thin film transistors}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0003-6951"]}, DOI={10.1063/1.2716355}, abstractNote={Indium gallium zinc oxide deposited by pulsed laser deposition at room temperature was used as a channel layer to fabricate transparent thin film transistors with good electrical characteristics: field effect mobility of 11cm2V−1s−1 and subthreshold voltage swing of 0.20V∕decade. By varying the oxygen partial pressure during deposition the conductivity of the channel was controlled to give a low off-current of ∼10pA and a drain current on/off ratio of ∼5×107. Changing the channel layer thickness was a viable way to vary the threshold voltage. The effect of the gate dielectric on the electrical behavior was also explored.}, number={12}, journal={APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS}, author={Suresh, Arun and Wellenius, Patrick and Dhawan, Anuj and Muth, John}, year={2007}, month={Mar} }
 @article{ghosh_dhawan_2006, title={Electronic textiles and their potential}, volume={30}, number={1}, journal={Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research}, author={Ghosh, T. K. and Dhawan, A.}, year={2006} }
 @article{dhawan_muth_2006, title={In-line fiber optic structures for environmental sensing applications}, volume={31}, ISSN={["1539-4794"]}, DOI={10.1364/OL.31.001391}, abstractNote={Fiber optic sensors based on the interaction of surface plasmons or evanescent waves with the surrounding environment are usually obtained by tapering an optical fiber, which significantly weakens the structure, or by use of just the end of the optical fiber. A fiber optic structure that maintains the structural integrity of the optical fiber with a long environmental interaction length is presented. Graded-index optical fiber elements are used as lenses, and a coreless optical fiber acts as the environmental interaction area. These elements are fused by an optical fiber splicer and result in a continuous fiber optic sensing system.}, number={10}, journal={OPTICS LETTERS}, author={Dhawan, Anuj and Muth, J. F.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={1391–1393} }
 @article{dhawan_muth_2006, title={Plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles incorporated inside an optical fibre matrix}, volume={17}, ISSN={["0957-4484"]}, DOI={10.1088/0957-4484/17/10/011}, abstractNote={Metallic nanoparticles were incorporated into the core of standard telecommunication grade optical fibres. This creates a simple, yet robust, platform which can be used to investigate the properties of nanoparticles, for sensing, spectroscopy, and optical switching applications. The optical response of gold nanoparticles embedded in the optical fibre matrix was evaluated as a function of temperature and the use of the structure as an inline fibre-optic temperature sensor is described. A redshift in the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance related peak, as well as broadening of the plasmon resonance, was observed upon increasing the temperature of the nanoparticle containing fibre. The shift and broadening of the plasmon resonance were attributed to the temperature dependence of dielectric constants of metallic nanoparticles and the silica matrix and to plasmon–phonon interactions.}, number={10}, journal={NANOTECHNOLOGY}, author={Dhawan, Anuj and Muth, John F.}, year={2006}, month={May}, pages={2504–2511} }
 @misc{dhawan_ghosh_muth_seyam_2005, title={Methods and systems for selectively connecting and disconnecting conductors in a fabric}, volume={6,852,395}, number={2005 Feb. 8}, publisher={Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office}, author={Dhawan, A. and Ghosh, T. K. and Muth, J. and Seyam, A.}, year={2005} }
 @article{grant_luthy_muth_mattos_braly_seyam_ghosh_dhawan_natarajan_2004, title={Developing Portable Acoustic Arrays on a Large-Scale E-Textile Substrate}, volume={16}, DOI={10.1108/09556220410520379}, abstractNote={This research deals with the production of electronic textiles (e‐textiles) demonstrators. Initially, the research dealt with the creation of 4×5 microphone array on a large area conformal textile substrate. Once the interface electronics were connected to the 4×5 microphone array, this system became an effective acoustic array. Here, a new acoustic eight microphone array design has been designed, fabricated and tested. Changes were made to improve microphone array performance, and to optimize the associated software for data capture and analysis. This new design was based on UC‐Berkeley mote microcomputer technology. The mote‐based system addresses the issue of scaling acoustic arrays, to allow for distributing microphones over large‐areas, and to allow performance comparisons to be made with the original 4×5 microphone acoustic array.}, number={1/2}, journal={International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology}, author={Grant, E. and Luthy, K. A. and Muth, J. F. and Mattos, L. S. and Braly, J. C. and Seyam, Abdel-Fattah and Ghosh, T. and Dhawan, A. and Natarajan, K.}, year={2004}, pages={73–83} }
 @article{dhawan_seyam_ghosh_muth_2004, title={Woven fabric-based electrical circuits - Part I: Evaluating interconnect methods}, volume={74}, DOI={10.1177/004051750407401011}, abstractNote={In recent years, a new area of research has emerged on textile-based electronics, called "electrotextiles." Most of the ongoing research in electrotextiles is driven by the motiva tion of creating multifunctional fiber assemblies that can sense, actuate, communicate, compute, etc. This paper discusses the development of fabric-based electrical circuits by interlacing conducting and nonconducting threads2 into woven textile structures. Wired interconnections of different devices attached to the conducting elements of these circuits are made by arranging and weaving conductive threads so that they follow desired electrical circuit designs. In a woven electrically conductive network, routing of electrical signals is achieved by the formation of effective electrical interconnects and disconnects. Resistance welding is identified as one of the most effective means of producing crossover point interconnects and disconnects. Interconnects are evaluated by measuring the DC resistance associated with the crossover points of conducting threads.}, number={10}, journal={Textile Research Journal}, author={Dhawan, A. and Seyam, Abdel-Fattah and ghosh and Muth, J. F.}, year={2004}, pages={913–919} }
 @article{dhawan_ghosh_seyam_muth_2004, title={Woven fabric-based electrical circuits - Part II: Yarn and fabric structures to reduce crosstalk noise in woven fabric-based circuits}, volume={74}, ISSN={["1746-7748"]}, DOI={10.1177/004051750407401103}, abstractNote={One important problem in electronic textiles is crosstalk and lack of signal integrity between conductive lines. Two significant advantages of electronic textiles over tradi tional circuit boards are flexibility and the ability to scale to large areas. Capacitive and inductive crosstalk is aggravated by long parallel conductors, and varies as the electronic textile is flexed into different configurations. This paper evaluates crosstalk between woven parallel conductors. Two new thread structures—coaxial and twisted pair copper threads—to minimize cross talk are developed and evaluated. Significant reductions in crosstalk are obtained with the coaxial and twisted pair thread structures when compared with bare copper threads or insulated conductive threads.}, number={11}, journal={TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}, author={Dhawan, A and Ghosh, TK and Seyam, AM and Muth, JF}, year={2004}, month={Nov}, pages={955–960} }