@article{villanueva_rodrigues_welbourn_denmark_childers_2008, title={AMBLYSEIUS FILCAE DENMARK AND VILLANUEVA, N. SP (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) FOUND ON VIBURNUM IN FLORIDA: DESCRIPTION, LIFE CYCLE AND FEEDING STUDIES}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1945-3892"]}, DOI={10.1080/17088180809434781}, abstractNote={Abstract Amblyseius filcae Denmark and Villanueva, n. sp. was found on Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Gawl. var. awabuki (K. Koch) Zabel (Caprifoliaceae) in Florida. The adult female can be identified by its rosy coloration, and, on permanent slides, by its tubular-fundibular spermathecal calyx 15 μm long and nodular atrium. Developmental times on pollen of crocea iceplant (Malephora crocea Jacquin) (Alzoaceae) were 60.6 ± 1.3, 32.2 ± 1.3, 41.3 ± 1.0, 29.6 ± 1.6, 54.7 ± 1.4, 218.7 ± 3.3 h for eggs, larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, preoviposition time and total female developmental time (up to first oviposition), respectively. Amblyseius filcae showed a weak or no predatory performance on Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) and adult female Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijkes) during predator-prey laboratory bioassays, but B. phoenicis egg predation was observed.}, number={4}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY}, author={Villanueva, Raul T. and Rodrigues, Jose C. V. and Welbourn, W. C. and Denmark, Harold A. and Childers, Carl C.}, year={2008}, month={Dec}, pages={385–387} }
 @article{villanueva_childers_2007, title={Development of Iphiseiodes quadripilis (Banks) (Acari : Phytoseiidae) on pollen or mite diets and predation on Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) (Acari : Eriophyidae) in the laboratory}, volume={36}, ISSN={["1938-2936"]}, DOI={10.1603/0046-225X(2007)36[9:DOIQBA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Development and reproduction of Iphiseiodes quadripilis (Banks) were evaluated on single food diets of pollen (Malephora crocea Jacquin [ice plant] or Quercus sp. [oak]), spider mites, [Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) or Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)], or the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae). Experiments were conducted in an environmental chamber at 28° ± 1°C, 14:10 (L:D) daylength, and 45% RH. I. quadripilis completed development and laid viable eggs that subsequently hatched on diets of either ice plant or oak pollen or eggs and motile stages of E. banksi. P. citri was acceptable as prey, but survival of larvae to adults was only 36%, whereas survival on E. banksi, ice plant pollen, and oak pollen was 48, 60, and 68%, respectively. The webbing produced by P. citri seemed to inhibit foraging behavior of I. quadripilis larvae and nymphs. Larvae of I. quadripilis developed only to the second nymphal instar on a diet of P. oleivora alone or water alone. Starved I. quadripilis females and deutonymphs were observed preying on the pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) (Eriophyidae). During 4-min observation trials, two series of I. quadripilis fed on 1.8 ± 0.47 and 3.5 ± 0.45 A. pelekassi motile stages after being starved for 6 and 24 h, respectively. I. quadripilis females did not prey on P. oleivora in arenas containing both rust mite species.}, number={1}, journal={ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Villanueva, Raul T. and Childers, Carl C.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={9–14} }
 @article{villanueva_walgenbach_2007, title={Phenology, apple management and effects of Surround on behavior of the maggot (Diptera : Tephritidae) in North Carolina}, volume={26}, ISSN={["1873-6904"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.cropro.2006.12.001}, abstractNote={Studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate the phenology of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in Henderson County, NC, and to compare the efficacy of various products for protection of fruit from maggot infestation. The period of peak trap capture on red spheres differed among orchards, with two orchards having peak captures in early June, and in an abandoned orchard peak capture occurred in late July–September. Surround WP, a particle film kaolin clay product, was evaluated for management of apple maggot at 28.0 kg/ha at two spray volumes (935 and 1870 L/ha) and two application intervals (7- and 14-d). The percentage of apple maggot-infested fruit in Surround treatments, regardless of the spray volume evaluated, was equivalent to that of azinphosmethyl and spinosad treatments. Application of Surround with an airblast sprayer resulted in heterogeneous coverage of fruit within the tree canopy, with higher deposition on fruit on the periphery of trees compared with those in the inner or upper canopy. In choice tests with apple maggot populations in an abandoned orchard, fewer flies alighted on Surround-treated foliage or fruit compared with the water controls, suggesting that the whitish color of Surround-treated trees interfered with visual cues used by flies to locate hosts. In an abandoned orchard with >60% of non-treated fruit infested with apple maggot, the chloronicotinyl compounds imidacloprid (10.0%) and thiacloprid (5.3%) resulted in comparable levels of control to that of azinphosmethyl (8.0%), while spinosad, indoxacarb, and thiamethoxam all had >33% infested fruit. These studies demonstrated that Surround and a number of chloronicotinyl insecticides may be alternatives to azinphosmethyl for management of apple maggot in North Carolina.}, number={9}, journal={CROP PROTECTION}, author={Villanueva, Raul T. and Walgenbach, James F.}, year={2007}, month={Sep}, pages={1404–1411} }
 @article{villanueva_walgenbach_2006, title={Acaricidal properties of spinosad against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari : Tetranychidae)}, volume={99}, ISSN={["1938-291X"]}, DOI={10.1093/jee/99.3.843}, abstractNote={Laboratory bioassays were conducted to characterize the activity of the insecticide spinosad against the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). T. urticae females and larvae were individually placed on bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), leaf disks treated with four rates of spinosad (25, 55, 121, and 266 ppm) and a water control. Significantly fewer T. urticae completed development on any spinosad rates (<15%) compared with the control (>85%), whereas spinosad exhibited no significant effects on P. ulmi development; 72.5 and 83.1% of P. ulmi completed development on apple (Malus pumila P. Mill, Rosaceae) leaf disks treated with 75 ppm spinosad and the control, respectively. T. urticae adult females placed on spinosad-treated disks had significantly higher mortality and lower oviposition rates compared with the water control; no significant mortality effects were observed until 3 d after placing adults on leaf disks. In choice tests where half of a bean leaf was treated with 55 ppm spinosad transversally or longitudinally, T. urticae females were repelled by spinosad and largely oviposited and fed on nonspinosad treated areas. Spinosad did not affect the behavior of P. ulmi females. When T. urticae females were released on potted bean plants (two-leaf stage) in which leaves received spinosad sprays on the adaxial or abaxial leaf surfaces, or complete spinosad coverage on one or two of the leaves, mite population increase lagged significantly behind those released on control plants. These results indicate that spinosad has significant acaricidal effects against T. urticae but not P. ulmi.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Villanueva, Raul T. and Walgenbach, James F.}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={843–849} }
 @article{villanueva_childers_2006, title={Evidence for host plant preference by Iphiseiodes quadripilis (Acari : Phytoseiidae) on Citrus}, volume={39}, number={3-4}, journal={Experimental & Applied Acarology}, author={Villanueva, R. T. and Childers, C. C.}, year={2006}, pages={243–256} }
 @article{villanueva_gagne_childers_2006, title={Two species of Cecidomyiidae predacious on citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, on Florida citrus}, volume={89}, ISSN={["1938-5102"]}, DOI={10.1653/0015-4040(2006)89[161:TSOCPO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Larvae of two undescribed species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were found preying upon Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Florida citrus. Identifications to genus were made from adults reared in the laboratory. The two species had distinctive larval coloration. One larval type was completely yellow and was identified as Feltiella n. sp., while the second larval type had an orange color with a transverse white band close to the mouthparts. The latter cecidomyiid was identified as belonging to a genus near Lestodiplosis in the broad sense. Feltiella n. sp. (n = 17) and the species near the genus Lestodiplosis (n = 12) consumed 33.8 ± 4.6 (mean ± SEM) and 43.0 ± 6.4 citrus rust mite eggs; 14.2 ± 1.4 and 15.0 ± 2.0 citrus rust mite nymphs, and 3.0 ± 0.4 and 5.6 ± 0.9 citrus rust mite adults/10 min., respectively. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the consumption rates of either predator on any rust mite life stage. These data indicate that Feltiella n. sp. and the species near the genus Lestodiplosis are both efficient predators of P. oleivora eggs, larvae, and nymphs.}, number={2}, journal={FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST}, author={Villanueva, Raul T. and Gagne, Raymond and Childers, Carl C.}, year={2006}, month={Jun}, pages={161–167} }
 @article{villanueva_walgenbach_2005, title={Development, oviposition, and mortality of Neoseiulus fallacis (Acari : Phytoseiidae) in response to reduced-risk insecticides}, volume={98}, ISSN={["0022-0493"]}, DOI={10.1603/0022-0493-98.6.2114}, abstractNote={Abstract Eight reduced-risk insecticides (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, pyriproxyfen, indoxacarb, and spinosad) and three conventional insecticides (azinphosmethyl, fenpropathrin, and esfenvalerate) were tested against Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), the most abundant predacious mite in North Carolina apple (Malus spp.) orchards. To assess the effect of insecticides on development and mortality of N. fallacis immatures, 12-h-old eggs were individually placed on bean leaf disks previously dipped in insecticide solutions. Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) females were added as a food source. None of the reduced-risk insecticides significantly affected immature N. fallacis compared with the control; however, the pyrethroids esfenvalerate and fenpropathrin were highly toxic to immatures. To evaluate the effect of insecticides on mortality and oviposition of adult N. fallacis, 7- to 8-d-old females were confined on insecticide-treated bean leaves with Malephora crocea (Aizoaceae) pollen added as a food source. Spinosad resulted in the highest mortality, whereas azinphosmethyl, acetamiprid, fenpropathrin, and imidacloprid were moderately toxic, and mortality from esfenvalerate, indoxacarb, thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, pyriproxyfen, and thiamethoxam did not differ significantly from the control. Oviposition was affected in a similar manner, with the exception of acetamiprid that did not affect oviposition, and thiamethoxam that reduced oviposition.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY}, author={Villanueva, RT and Walgenbach, JF}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={2114–2120} }
 @article{villanueva_childers_2005, title={Diurnal and spatial patterns of phytoseiidae in the citrus canopy}, volume={35}, number={4}, journal={Experimental & Applied Acarology}, author={Villanueva, R. T. and Childers, C. C.}, year={2005}, pages={269–280} }
 @article{villanueva_rodrigues_childers_2005, title={Larval Cryptothelea gloverii (Lepidoptera: Psycidae), an arthropod predator and herbivore on Florida citrus}, volume={36}, number={1}, journal={Experimental & Applied Acarology}, author={Villanueva, R. T. and Rodrigues, J. C. V. and Childers, C. C.}, year={2005}, pages={83–92} }
 @article{villanueva_childers_2004, title={Phytoseiidae increase with pollen deposition on citrus leaves}, volume={87}, DOI={10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0609:PIWPDO]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={The Phytoseiidae can be classified into four cat- egories based on feeding habits (McMurtry & Croft 1997). Type I phytoseiids are specialized preda- tors of Tetranychus species (e.g., Phytoseiulus spe-cies). Type II phytoseiids are selective predators of tetranychid mites, Galendromus , some Neoseiulus species, and a few Typhlodromus species. Type III phytoseiids are generalist predators consisting mostly of Typhlodromus and Amblyseius species. Type IV phytoseiids are specialized pollen feeders/ generalist predators such as Euseius species. The three most prevalent phytoseiid species on Florida citrus are Euseius mesembrinus (Dean), Typhlo- dromalus peregrinus (Muma) (Childers 1994), and Iphiseiodes quadripilis (Banks) (Villanueva & Childers, unpubl. data; Childers, unpubl. data). All three species can complete their life cycle on an exclusive pollen diet (Abou-Setta & Childers 1987; Peña 1992; Villanueva & Childers, unpubl. data). These studies demonstrated that the most abundant phytoseiids in Florida citrus are either type III or IV species. Furthermore, one peak of abundance in Florida coincides with flowering in Cit- rus , Pinus sp., and Quercus sp. Members of the genera Pinus and Quercus are commonly found around citrus orchards in uncultivated areas such as windbreaks or in densely planted stands for use as pulp or lumber. Pollen from these plants and species of weeds and shrubs accumulate on the adaxial surfaces of citrus}, number={4}, journal={Florida Entomologist}, author={Villanueva, R. T. and Childers, C. C.}, year={2004}, pages={609–611} }