@article{lim_choi_sumner_2013, title={Parametric study using finite element simulation for low cycle fatigue behavior of end plate moment connection}, volume={14}, number={1}, journal={Steel and Composite Structures}, author={Lim, C. M. and Choi, W. C. and Sumner, E. A.}, year={2013}, pages={57–71} }
 @article{lim_choi_sumner_2012, title={Low cycle fatigue life prediction using a four-bolt extended unstiffened end plate moment connection}, volume={41}, journal={Engineering Structures}, author={Lim, C. and Choi, W. and Sumner, E. A.}, year={2012}, pages={373–384} }
 @article{seliem_seracino_sumner_smith_2011, title={Case Study on the Restoration of Flexural Capacity of Continuous One-Way RC Slabs with Cutouts}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1090-0268"]}, DOI={10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000232}, abstractNote={Introducing openings in existing reinforced concrete (RC) slabs can severely weaken the slabs because of the cut out of the concrete and reinforcing steel. This paper reports field tests on the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite strengthening techniques to restore the flexural capacity of RC slabs after having openings cut out in the positive moment region. The uniqueness of this study is that the tests were performed on an existing multistory RC building that was scheduled for demolition. Five tests on five different slabs were conducted using three different strengthening techniques—namely, externally bonded (EB) CFRP plates, EB CFRP plates with CFRP anchors, and near-surface mounted (NSM) CFRP strips—to determine the most effective system for strengthening. Test results showed that the three strengthening techniques increased the load-carrying capacity of the slabs with openings, with the NSM technique being more effective than the EB technique. However, the use of CFRP anchors to mechanically anchor the EB plates prevented complete detachment, and hence enabled the restoration of the slab to its full flexural capacity.}, number={6}, journal={JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION}, author={Seliem, H. M. and Seracino, R. and Sumner, E. A. and Smith, S. T.}, year={2011}, pages={992–998} }
 @article{dawood_rizkalla_sumner_2007, title={Fatigue and overloading Behavior of steel-concrete composite flexural members strengthened with high modulus CFRP materials}, volume={11}, DOI={10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:6(659)}, abstractNote={Due to corrosion and the continuous demand to increase traffic loads, there is a need for an effective system which can be used to repair and/or strengthen steel bridges and structures. This paper describes an experimental program, recently completed, to investigate the fundamental behavior of steel–concrete composite scaled bridge beams strengthened with new high modulus carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (HM CFRP) materials. The behavior of the beams under overloading conditions and fatigue loading conditions was studied as well as the possible presence of shear lag at the interface of the steel surface and the CFRP strengthening material. The test results are compared to an analytical model based on the fundamental principles of equilibrium and compatibility, to predict the behavior of the strengthened steel–concrete composite beams. Based on the findings of this research work, combined with other work in the literature, a design guideline is proposed for the use of HM CFRP for strengthening the steel fle...}, number={6}, journal={Journal of Composites for Construction}, author={Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Sumner, E.}, year={2007}, pages={659–669} }
 @article{schnerch_dawood_rizkalla_sumner_2007, title={Proposed design guidelines for strengthening of steel bridges with FRP materials}, volume={21}, ISSN={["1879-0526"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.03.003}, abstractNote={This paper focuses on the use of externally bonded high modulus carbon fiber reinforced polymer (HM CFRP) materials to strengthen steel bridges and structures. Proper installation of the CFRP materials is necessary to prevent premature failure due to debonding. The paper proposes guidelines and installation techniques based on the best practice reported in the literature and the extensive practical experience in bonding of composite materials. The surface preparation of the materials, the application of the adhesive and the detailing of the strengthening are provided in detail. The design guidelines include the structural design criteria for the use of high modulus CFRP materials as flexural strengthening system of typical steel–concrete composite bridge girders. The flexural design procedure is based on a moment–curvature analysis and a specified increase of the live load carried by the bridge to satisfy specific serviceability requirements. A bond model is also described which can be used to calculate the shear and peel stresses within the adhesive thickness. To prevent a premature debonding failure of the strengthening system, the criteria specify a maximum principle stress in the adhesive which cannot be exceeded for a given characteristic strength of an adhesive. A worked example is presented to illustrate the proposed flexural design approach. The research findings conclude that high modulus CFRP materials provide a promising alternative for strengthening steel bridges that can be easily designed and installed to increase their strength and stiffness.}, number={5}, journal={CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS}, author={Schnerch, D. and Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Sumner, E.}, year={2007}, month={May}, pages={1001–1010} }
 @article{schnerch_dawood_rizkalla_sumner_stanford_2006, title={Bond behavior of CFRP strengthened steel structures}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1369-4332"]}, DOI={10.1260/136943306779369464}, abstractNote={ Recent research has focused on rehabilitation and strengthening of steel structures and bridges using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The bond behavior of FRP materials to steel structures is quite different from that of concrete structures. Preliminary test results showed the occurrence of very high bond stresses for most strengthening applications due to the amount of strengthening required for steel structures and bridges. In this paper, surface preparation methods and means of preventing galvanic corrosion are discussed. The results of an experimental program for selection of suitable adhesives through determination of the development length is discussed as well as preliminary testing showing the importance of proper detailing of the ends of the FRP strips. The shear stress distribution determined in the experimental program is compared to analytical models using a stress-based approach. The remainder of the paper focuses on the current methods for determining bond stresses and their use for the design of FRP strengthening system for steel structures. }, number={6}, journal={ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING}, author={Schnerch, D. and Dawood, M. and Rizkalla, S. and Sumner, E. and Stanford, K.}, year={2006}, month={Dec}, pages={805–817} }
 @article{schnerch_stanford_sumner_rizkalla_2004, title={Strengthening steel structures and bridges with high-modulus carbon fiber-reinforced polymers - Resin selection and scaled monopole behavior}, ISBN={["0-309-09487-9"]}, ISSN={["0361-1981"]}, DOI={10.3141/1892-25}, abstractNote={ Cost-effective solutions for the rehabilitation and strengthening of steel structures, including bridges and monopole towers, are greatly needed. Rehabilitation is often required because of cross-section losses occurring as a result of corrosion; strengthening may also be required because of changes in the use of a structure. Current techniques for strengthening steel structures have several drawbacks, including their fatigue performance and the need for ongoing maintenance owing to continued corrosion attack. The current research program makes use of a high-modulus carbon fiber for the strengthening of steel structures. This program, currently in progress, includes phases for the resin and adhesive selection for wet layup of carbon fiber sheets and bonding of precured laminate plates. Test results of the first scaled monopole tower showed a 25% increase in stiffness in the elastic range compared with the same monopole before strengthening. }, number={1892}, journal={DESIGN OF STRUCTURES 2004}, author={Schnerch, D and Stanford, K and Sumner, EA and Rizkalla, S}, year={2004}, pages={237–245} }