@article{kuptsevych-timmer_antonaccio_botchkovar_smith_2019, title={Scared or Attached? Unraveling Important Links in Strain-Crime Relationships Among School Students}, volume={63}, ISSN={["1552-6933"]}, DOI={10.1177/0306624X18814342}, abstractNote={ Drawing on general strain theory of crime, the study employs the survey data from a random sample of 600 school students in Lviv, Ukraine, to examine how sanction risks and social bonds mediate and moderate the relationship between strain and adolescent delinquency. Findings from negative binomial regressions and the KHB decomposition procedure demonstrate that fear of sanctions and levels of social control mediate the relationships between strain and delinquency to a different degree, depending on the type of strain experienced. Results concerning conditioning effects are mixed, with only parental monitoring found to be a moderator of the strain–delinquency link. However, the direction of the interaction effect is unexpected. Future research needs to improve the specification of strain models and evaluate them in other sociocultural contexts. }, number={8}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY}, author={Kuptsevych-Timmer, Anastasiia and Antonaccio, Olena and Botchkovar, Ekaterina V. and Smith, William R.}, year={2019}, month={Jun}, pages={1175–1201} }
 @article{tittle_botchkovar_antonaccio_2011, title={Criminal Contemplation, National Context, and Deterrence}, volume={27}, ISSN={["1573-7799"]}, DOI={10.1007/s10940-010-9104-8}, number={2}, journal={JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE CRIMINOLOGY}, author={Tittle, Charles R. and Botchkovar, Ekaterina V. and Antonaccio, Olena}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={225–249} }
 @article{tittle_antonaccio_botchkovar_kranidioti_2010, title={Expected utility, self-control, morality, and criminal probability}, volume={39}, ISSN={["1096-0317"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.08.007}, abstractNote={With data from random sample household surveys conducted simultaneously in major cities in Greece and in Russia, we evaluate the import of individuals’ morality relative to expected utility and self-control in predicting criminal probability. In addition, we examine potential interactions among the three variables in predicting criminal propensity and compare their relative effects across the two samples. The results suggest that all three factors are important and mostly independent influences in explaining criminal probability. However, the estimated effects of morality are substantially stronger than those of either expected utility or self-control, and all three of these explanatory variables appear to be somewhat sensitive to cultural contexts. Overall, our findings confirm that morality plays a comparatively larger part in explaining conformity than is generally recognized by major contemporary theories, although the data cannot show whether morality is an element in rational decision making or represents a contrary “non-rational” element in accounting for human conduct.}, number={6}, journal={SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH}, author={Tittle, Charles R. and Antonaccio, Olena and Botchkovar, Ekaterina and Kranidioti, Maria}, year={2010}, month={Nov}, pages={1029–1046} }
 @article{antonaccio_tittle_botchkovar_kranidiotis_2010, title={The Correlates of Crime and Deviance: Additional Evidence}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1552-731X"]}, DOI={10.1177/0022427810365678}, abstractNote={Comparable survey data collected simultaneously in major cities in Greece, Russia, and Ukraine indicate that the usual correlates of self-reported criminal/deviant behavior derived from research in well-studied, mostly Western societies, do not necessarily hold cross-nationally. The data confirm only two of six potential correlates of self-reported criminal/deviant behavior—age and deviant peer association. Two widely assumed correlates of criminal propensity—gender and marital status—prove to be somewhat unreliable and sensitive to these cultural contexts. Religiosity is generally negatively linked to crime/deviance in bivariate but not multivariate analyses. In bivariate analysis socioeconomic status (SES) proves to be highly sensitive to the investigated cultural contexts whereas in multivariate analysis SES is not significantly related in any consistent fashion to criminality in any of the three countries. These results show the value of cross-cultural research and suggest that effective explanation of criminal and deviant behavior may require more attention to cultural variations.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CRIME AND DELINQUENCY}, author={Antonaccio, Olena and Tittle, Charles R. and Botchkovar, Ekaterina and Kranidiotis, Maria}, year={2010}, month={Aug}, pages={297–328} }
 @misc{botchkovar_tittle_antonaccio_2009, title={GENERAL STRAIN THEORY: ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE USING CROSS-CULTURAL DATA}, volume={47}, ISSN={["1745-9125"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00141.x}, abstractNote={Data from random samples of residents in major cities of Russia, Ukraine, and Greece are employed to test hypotheses about linkages among objective strain, subjective strain, anger, and criminal probability specified in general strain theory (GST). In addition, the potential conditioning effects of religiosity and self‐control on the strain/criminal probability relationship are investigated. Results show more challenge than support for GST. In particular, all supportive results are for the Ukrainian sample with the Greek and Russian samples providing little confirmation to the study's hypotheses. Although analyses show some support for the basic premises of GST, using a measure of subjective strain does not improve results, and self‐control and religiosity do not seem to condition the effects of strain on criminal probability. Overall, the findings point to contextual specificity of GST as currently formulated and suggest the need for further theorizing.}, number={1}, journal={CRIMINOLOGY}, author={Botchkovar, Ekaterina V. and Tittle, Charles R. and Antonaccio, Olena}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={131–176} }
 @article{botchkovar_tittle_2008, title={Delineating the scope of Reintegrative Shaming theory: An explanation of contingencies using Russian data}, volume={37}, ISSN={["1096-0317"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.12.001}, abstractNote={Abstract Drawing on predictions derived from self-control theory, general strain theory, and deterrence theory, we attempt to improve Braithwaite’s shaming theory by identifying conditions under which its causal process might be more effective in explaining misbehavior. Using data elicited from 224 Russian respondents, we put the elaborated version of shaming theory to the test in its. In line with previous research, study findings indicate that, contrary to the theory’s predictions, being reintegratively shamed is positively associated with projected deviance. While some of the hypothesized contingencies seem to condition the effects of shaming on projected deviance, none of our findings confirm original hypotheses. These results, in conjunction with the accumulated body of research, suggest that reintegrative shaming theory may be in need of further revision.}, number={3}, journal={SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH}, author={Botchkovar, Ekaterina and Tittle, Charles R.}, year={2008}, month={Sep}, pages={703–720} }
 @article{botchkovar_tittle_2005, title={Crime, shame and reintegration in Russia}, volume={9}, ISSN={["1461-7439"]}, DOI={10.1177/1362480605057726}, abstractNote={We address individual-level hypotheses from Braithwaite’s shaming theory using Russian survey data. The results are mixed. Disintegrative shaming is associated with future misconduct, but being reintegratively shamed is also positively predictive of projected crime/deviance while participating in gossip is unrelated to future deviance. Interdependency does not seem to enhance the effects of shaming variables. In addition, guilt and fear of losing respect from others for potential misbehavior do not seem to be related to past shaming experiences nor do they mediate supposed relationships between past shaming experiences and misconduct. These results, in conjunction with the collective body of evidence already compiled, suggest that the theory may need further refinement.}, number={4}, journal={THEORETICAL CRIMINOLOGY}, author={Botchkovar, EV and Tittle, CR}, year={2005}, month={Nov}, pages={401–442} }
 @misc{tittle_botchkovar_2005, title={Self-control, criminal motivation and deterrence: An investigation using Russian respondents}, volume={43}, ISSN={["1745-9125"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.0011-1348.2005.00010.x}, abstractNote={With data from respondents in Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, we address the generality of self-control theory. We also assess two hypotheses. The first focuses on the attractiveness of criminal acts, that is, motivation toward crime. The second concerns the contention that the mediating link between self-control and criminal conduct is the failure of those with less self-control to anticipate the long-term costs of misbehavior. Although the magnitude of associations between self-control and indicators of criminal behavior is about the same in this study as it is in others, which suggests that the theory is not culturally bound, those associations are largely overshadowed by criminal attraction. Consistent with that, failure to anticipate costly long-term consequences does not appear to be the mediating link between self-control and criminal behavior: the evidence shows no tendency for sanction fear to be greater among those with greater self-control. In fact, sanction fear is modestly and significantly related to the crime measures independent of self-control, though sanction fear also appears to be influenced by criminal attraction. The results suggest that in the production of criminal behavior, motivation may be more important than controls inhibiting criminal impulses.}, number={2}, journal={CRIMINOLOGY}, author={Tittle, CR and Botchkovar, EV}, year={2005}, month={May}, pages={307–353} }
 @misc{tittle_botchkovar_2005, title={The generality and hegemony of self-control theory: A comparison of Russian and US adults}, volume={34}, ISSN={["1096-0317"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ssresearch.2004.12.003}, abstractNote={Abstract Unique data from residents of Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, are used to address issues about self-control. They provide some support for the generality claims of the theory, that self-control is associated with criminal behavior regardless of the cultural context, but evidence concerning the idea that self-control explains associations between standard predictive variables and crime is mixed. The analyses reveal a general association between self-control and indicators of criminal behavior that is consistent with that shown by the collective body of evidence. However, criminal opportunity (and in most instances deviant peer association) is found to predict the indicators of misbehavior as well as or perhaps better than, and independently of, self-control. Moreover, self-control only partially renders relationships between well known predictive variables and crime spurious. Thus, these results from an unusual cultural context confirm that self-control is at least a modest but persistent predictor of indicators of criminal conduct. However, self-control does not appear to be as potent as the authors of self-control theory contend and it may not even be as important as criminal opportunity, a variable that some have interpreted as a precondition for the operation of self-control in accounting for criminal/deviant behavior, or deviant peer association.}, number={4}, journal={SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH}, author={Tittle, CR and Botchkovar, EV}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={703–731} }