@article{baumann_bozeman_ward_nemanich_1997, title={Characterization of metal-diamond interfaces: Electron affinity and Schottky barrier height}, volume={6}, ISSN={["0925-9635"]}, DOI={10.1016/S0925-9635(96)00601-2}, abstractNote={In this study, the electron affinity and Schottky barrier height of thin Cu and Zr films on diamond (100) substrates were correlated by means of UV photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. Prior to metal deposition the diamond crystals were cleaned by a 1150°C or 500°C anneal in UHV, and the surfaces were characterized by AES and AFM. This resulted in surfaces terminated with oxygen or free of chemisorbed species. By means of UPS it was found that whether a metal did induce a negative electron affinity (NEA) on a diamond surface was dependent on the surface preparation before metal deposition and on the metal work function. In particular, the Schottky barrier height for clean surfaces was lower than for surfaces terminated by oxygen. Metal-diamond interfaces exhibiting a NEA had a lower Schottky barrier height than those exhibiting a positive electron affinity. These effects were attributed to different interfacial layers. Field emission measurements were performed before and after metal deposition. For all cases a reduction in the threshold electric field was observed upon metal overgrowth.}, number={2-4}, journal={DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS}, author={Baumann, PK and Bozeman, SP and Ward, BL and Nemanich, RJ}, year={1997}, month={Mar}, pages={398–402} }
 @article{bozeman_camphausen_cuomo_kim_ahn_ko_1997, title={Electron field emission from amorphous carbon-cesium alloys}, volume={15}, ISSN={["1520-8559"]}, DOI={10.1116/1.580928}, abstractNote={Hard carbon films can be prepared by the condensation of energetic carbon species at and below room temperature. These hydrogen-free films are primarily tetrahedrally coordinated and contain high fractions of sp3 bonding. Field emission from these and other forms of carbon has been considered previously, but it was generally unstable or based on surface treatments that limit their operating conditions. We report electron emission from amorphous carbon-cesium (a-C:Cs) thin films at applied fields as low as 7 V/μm. This emission characteristic is relatively insensitive to surface treatment; films left under ambient laboratory environment for more than six months show these favorable characteristics with no pretreatment. We describe the fabrication process and emission properties of these films.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A}, author={Bozeman, SP and Camphausen, SM and Cuomo, JJ and Kim, SI and Ahn, YO and Ko, Y}, year={1997}, pages={1729–1732} }