@article{green_schweitzer_lamm_2010, title={Limb bone histology and growth in Placerias hesternus (Therapsida: Anomodontia) from the upper triassic of North America}, volume={53}, journal={Palaeontology}, author={Green, J. L. and Schweitzer, M. H. and Lamm, E. T.}, year={2010}, pages={347–364} } @article{green_2009, title={Dental microwear in the orthodentine of the Xenarthra (Mammalia) and its use in reconstructing the palaeodiet of extinct taxa: the case study of Nothrotheriops shastensis (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Nothrotheriidae)}, volume={156}, ISSN={["0024-4082"]}, DOI={10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00486.x}, abstractNote={The utility of orthodentine microwear analysis as a proxy for dietary reconstruction in xenarthrans (tree sloths, armadillos) was quantitatively and statistically accessed via low-magnification stereomicroscopy. Features such as number of scratches and pits, as well as presence of gouges, hypercoarse scratches, > four large pits, > four cross scratches, and fine, mixed or coarse scratch texture were recorded in 255 teeth from 20 extant xenarthran species. Feature patterns are consistent with scar formation through abrasional (tooth–food) and attritional (tooth–tooth) contact. Number of scratches is the most dietary diagnostic microwear variable for xenarthrans, with herbivorous sloths characterized by > ten scratches and nonherbivorous armadillos by < ten scratches. Discriminant function analysis differentiated arboreal folivores (sloths) and frugivore-folivores (sloths) both from each other and from fossorial carnivore-omnivores (armadillos) and insectivores (armadillos). Microwear patterns in carnivore-omnivores and insectivores are difficult to distinguish between; armadillo microwear may reflect a fossorial lifestyle (grit consumption) rather than primary diet. Cabassous centralis is anomalous in its microwear signal relative to all other insectivores. To test the utility of orthodentine microwear analysis as an indicator of palaeodiet in extinct xenarthrans, microwear in the ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis was quantitatively and statistically compared to microwear in extant taxa. Microwear patterns in N. shastensis are most comparable to extant folivores based on scratch number and hierarchical cluster analysis. This strongly supports an herbivorous diet for N. shastensis that is corroborated by multiple independent lines of evidence. Thus, orthodentine microwear analysis can be used to reconstruct diet in extinct xenarthrans. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 156, 201–222.}, number={1}, journal={ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY}, author={Green, Jeremy L.}, year={2009}, month={May}, pages={201–222} } @article{green_2009, title={INTERTOOTH VARIATION OF ORTHODENTINE MICROWEAR IN ARMADILLOS (CINGULATA) AND TREE SLOTHS (PILOSA)}, volume={90}, ISSN={["0022-2372"]}, DOI={10.1644/08-MAMM-A-257R1.1}, abstractNote={Abstract The analysis of orthodentine microwear has recently been established as a proxy for diet in extant and fossil xenarthrans (sloths, armadillos, and their extinct relatives). Previous analyses have relied on standardized comparison of sampling locations between taxa in order to statistically correlate microwear on xenarthran teeth with primary diet; variation in orthodentine microwear across the toothrow and its potential effect on dietary classification in xenarthrans remains unexplored. This study is the 1st to examine intertooth variation of microwear features in extant xenarthrans to test the necessity of standardized tooth comparison in orthodentine microwear analysis of paleodiet in fossil taxa. Statistical mean correlation tests were used to compare microwear variables between different sampling locations in a series of upper and lower teeth in 4 extant xenarthran species (Bradypus tridactylus [pale-throated three-toed sloth], Choloepus didactylus [Linnaeus' two-toed sloth], Dasypus novemcinctus [nine-banded armadillo], and Euphractus sexcinctus [six-banded armadillo]) and showed that microwear distribution between sampling locations is more conserved in three-toed sloths relative to two-toed sloths and armadillos. Significant variation in the latter groups may stem from uneven distribution of bite-force on the dentition in long-faced animals (two-toed sloths and armadillos) relative to short-faced animals (three-toed sloths), although food texture and intraspecific variation in diet may play a role as well. Based on results from extant taxa, standardized tooth comparison is required for analysis of paleodiet in glyptodonts and pampatheres and also is recommended for ground sloths in future studies of microwear.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY}, author={Green, Jeremy L.}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={768–778} } @article{portell_hubbell_donovan_green_harper_pickerill_2008, title={Miocene sharks in the Kendeace and Grand Bay formations of Carriacou, The Grenadines, Lesser Antilles}, volume={44}, number={3}, journal={Caribbean Journal of Science}, author={Portell, R. W. and Hubbell, G. and Donovan, S. K. and Green, J. L. and Harper, D. A. T. and Pickerill, R.}, year={2008}, pages={279–286} } @article{green_semprebon_solounias_2005, title={Reconstructing the palaeodiet of Florida Mammut americanum via low-magnification stereomicroscopy}, volume={223}, ISSN={["1872-616X"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.026}, abstractNote={A large sample (N = 76) of Pleistocene mastodon (Mammut americanum) teeth from a variety of localities in Florida were analyzed for dental enamel microwear features via low-magnification stereomicroscopy. Second upper and lower molars were used for dental dietary reconstruction purposes to allow comparison of results to an extensive molar microwear database comprised of extant taxa with well-studied diets. Deciduous premolars and permanent molars were tested for consistency of enamel scar patterns. We used both Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests to test for differences across the tooth row in: (1) average pit frequency, (2) average scratch frequency, (3) scratch textural properties, and presence or absence of (4) gouges, (5) large pits, and (6) cross scratches. Of these variables, only the gouges showed significant between-tooth differences at p < .05. A Mann–Whitney test reveals that the anterior-most premolar (DP2) has significantly fewer gouges than do the other cheek teeth (especially the molars), but that there are no significant differences in gouging between any other pair of teeth. This difference may reflect ontogenetic dietary change but needs to be studied further. Stereoscopic microwear results were compared to an extant herbivore microwear trophic triangle representing average scratch and pit morphospaces for extant taxa, including graminivores, folivores, and frugivores. Enamel scar patterns for M. americanum for six microwear variables are consistent with a browsing diet but apparently one unlike that of typical extant browsing forms. Evidence for extensive bark consumption and some fruit consumption is presented. Cluster analysis reveals a clear segregation of M. americanum from typical extant browsing forms, from grazing or mixed feeding forms, and from extant African and Indian elephants. Euclidean distance comparisons reveal a dietary profile most similar to that of the extant Diceros bicornis (black rhino), a well-known browser with a prehensile lip that is used for gathering twigs into its mouth. Our results are consistent with reports for Florida mastodons showing a preponderance of twigs such as Taxodium (bald cypress) in preserved digesta.}, number={1-2}, journal={PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY}, author={Green, JL and Semprebon, GM and Solounias, N}, year={2005}, month={Jul}, pages={34–48} } @article{green_hulbert_2005, title={The deciduous premolars of Mammut americanum (Mammalia, Proboscidea)}, volume={25}, ISSN={["1937-2809"]}, DOI={10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0702:TDPOMA]2.0.CO;2}, abstractNote={Abstract Deciduous premolars of Mammut americanum have received relatively little study, and previous work was based on small sample sizes. We present morphologic descriptions and quantitative data for a sample of over 135 deciduous premolars of M. americanum from Florida. Most second and third deciduous premolars are bilophodont, although a few anomalous teeth deviate from this pattern to a varying degree. Although the premolars are morphologically similar to the adult molars in many respects, differences in development of cingula, orientation of lophs and lophids, and relative strengths of enamel crests are observed. Distal cingula and stylar cusps are the most variable portions of the crown. Crown length increases distally along the tooth row, with no observed overlap in length between adjacent teeth.}, number={3}, journal={JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY}, author={Green, JL and Hulbert, RC}, year={2005}, month={Sep}, pages={702–715} }