@article{freitas_arasu_2005, title={Cloning and characterisation of genes encoding two transforming growth factor-beta-like ligands from the hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum}, volume={35}, ISSN={["0020-7519"]}, DOI={10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.005}, abstractNote={To elucidate the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling in the arrest/reactivation pathway of the Ancylostoma caninum hookworm, two parasite-encoded TGF-beta-like ligands were cloned and characterised. Ac-dbl-1 showed 60% amino acid identity to the Caenorhabditis elegansdbl-1 gene, which regulates growth while Ac-daf-7 showed 46% amino acid identity to Ce-daf-7 which regulates arrested development. Exon/intron organisation of the genes for Ac-dbl-1 and Ac-daf-7 were different from that of the corresponding C. elegans genes with nine and 10 exons, respectively, and introns ranging in size from 56 to 2,556 bp. Based on real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, Ac-dbl-1 and Ac-daf-7 were expressed in all stages tested, i.e. egg, first/second stage larvae (L1/L2), infective third stage larvae (iL3), serum-stimulated third stage larvae (ssL3), and male and female adult worms. Expression of Ac-dbl-1 peaked in the adult male stage suggesting a similar role to Ce-dbl-1 in regulating male tail patterning. Ac-daf-7 expression was at a maximum in the arrested iL3 and reactivated ssL3 stages, which differs from that of Ce-daf-7 expression and may be unique to parasitic nematodes that have an obligate requirement to undergo developmental arrest. In support of the PCR results, antibodies to the A. caninum TGF-beta-like ligands detected proteins in iL3, ssL3, and adult worm extracts. Immunofluorescent studies showed that Ac-daf-7 is expressed in the anterior region of the iL3 similar to Ce-daf-7, which is localised to the ASI chemosensory neurons.}, number={14}, journal={INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY}, author={Freitas, TC and Arasu, P}, year={2005}, month={Dec}, pages={1477–1487} }
 @article{moser_freitas_arasu_gibson_2005, title={Gene expression profiles associated with the transition to parasitism in Ancylostoma caninum larvae}, volume={143}, DOI={10.1016/j.molbiopran.2005.04.012}, number={1}, journal={Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology}, author={Moser, J. M. and Freitas, T. and Arasu, P. and Gibson, G.}, year={2005}, pages={39–48} }