@article{hicks_tembhurne_liu_2009, title={Identification of microRNA in the developing chick immune organs}, volume={61}, ISSN={["1432-1211"]}, DOI={10.1007/s00251-009-0355-1}, abstractNote={MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (approximately 19-24 nt) noncoding RNAs that participate in posttranscriptionally regulating gene expression. MicroRNAs display very dynamic expression patterns with many being expressed in a temporal as well as a spatial manner. Immune genes have been shown to have a higher propensity for miRNA target sites compared to the rest of the genome, thus suggesting that miRNA are key regulators of the immune system. To better understand the involvement of miRNA in the immune system, a comprehensive profile of miRNA expression in the immune organs will be necessary. As a first step toward building such a profile, we pyrosequenced four small RNA libraries derived from the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius of embryonic chicks at days 15 and 20 of development. A total of 90,322 sequence reads were obtained, among which 44,387 reads represented known chicken miRNAs, 3,503 reads were not found in the Gallus gallus database but were homologs of miRBase miRNAs from other species, and 2,023 reads represented potentially novel chicken miRNAs that have not previously been identified. Many miRNAs identified in our work have been shown to be involved in regulating immune genes in other vertebrate species. For example, the miRNAs miR-221 and miR-222, which are known regulators of lymphocyte differentiation, were identified in our studies and appeared to be differentially expressed among the libraries. Overall, our results show that many of the identified miRNAs display dynamic expression patterns, suggesting that these miRNAs play diverse roles in the immune system.}, number={3}, journal={IMMUNOGENETICS}, author={Hicks, Julie A. and Tembhurne, Prabhakar A. and Liu, Hsiao-Ching}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={231–240} }
 @article{hicks_tembhurne_liu_2008, title={MicroRNA Expression in Chicken Embryos}, volume={87}, ISSN={["1525-3171"]}, DOI={10.3382/ps.2008-00114}, abstractNote={MicroRNA (miRNA) are small single-stranded noncoding RNA that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. A major role of miRNA is the regulation of gene expression in developmental processes. In this study, we constructed a small RNA library from 11-d-old chick embryos and used this library to examine the miRNA expression profile of the embryos. This small RNA library was sequenced by using 454 Life Sciences pyrosequencing technology. A total of 10,466 sequences were obtained and annotated as either known chicken miRNA, miRNA that shared homology with other species, or novel miRNA. We identified the expression of 110 known chicken miRNA, 36 homologous chicken miRNA (previously unannotated in the chicken but conserved with miRNA from other species), and 14 novel chicken-specific miRNA not identified in any other species. We also demonstrated that some of the identified chicken embryonic miRNA are differentially expressed among the developing spleen, liver, or bursa. The current study demonstrates that a very diverse and dynamic set of miRNA is expressed in the embryonic chick at 11 d of incubation. The identification of miRNA present in the embryonic chicken will further aid in understanding the complexity of gene regulation during vertebrate development.}, number={11}, journal={POULTRY SCIENCE}, author={Hicks, J. A. and Tembhurne, P. and Liu, H. -C.}, year={2008}, month={Nov}, pages={2335–2343} }
 @article{mondal_bera_hosamani_tembhurne_bandyopadhyay_2006, title={Detection of orf virus from an outbreak in goats and its genetic relation with other parapoxviruses}, volume={30}, ISSN={["1573-7446"]}, DOI={10.1007/s11259-006-3270-z}, number={5}, journal={VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS}, author={Mondal, B. and Bera, A. K. and Hosamani, M. and Tembhurne, P. A. and Bandyopadhyay, S. K.}, year={2006}, month={Jul}, pages={531–539} }